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CIVII. SERVICE CHRONICLE 


28 DUANE STREET, NEW YORK. 


$2 a year; $1.15 for 6 months; 60 cents for 3 months; 5 cents a copy. 


HV 8148 
.N52 C5 
1915 
Copy 1 


GENERAL INFORMATION. 


The examination for Patrolman, New York City Police Department, is 
one of the most popular in the Municipal Civil Service. The Police Force 
consists of over 10,000 members, and in the past there have been from 450 to 
600 appointments annually. Appointments are made strictly in the order of 
merit, according to standing on the eligible list. The initial salary is $1,000. 
There is automatic advancement up to $1,400, after which there is promotion 
through competitive examination to Sergeant, Lieutenant and Captain. Members 
of the Force who have served the required term may be retired on pension on 
their own application. No member can be dismissed except upon trial on stated 
charges, and he has the right to be represented by counsel and appeal to the 
courts for reinstatement if unjustly dismissed. He can also appeal to the Board 
of Review within one year of dismissal. 

SUBJECTS AND WEIGHTS. 

The subjects and weights are: Government and Duties, 5; Memory Test, 
3; Arithmetic, 2. 70 per cent is required on the Mental test, 70 per cent, on 

the Physical, 70 per cent, on Strength, and 70 per cent, average on all. 



OFFICIAL. INSTRUCTION 


The following is the official instruction of the Police Department of the City 
of New York as given in the School for Recruits to the probationary Patrolmen * 


Ques. 1:—Who are peace officers? 

ANS.:—A peace officer is a Sheriff of a 
county, or is Under Sheriff or Deputy, or a 
Constable, Marshal, Police Constable, or 
Policeman of a city, town or village. 

Ques. 2:—What is an arrest? 

ANS.:—An arrest is the taking of a per¬ 
son into custody that he may be held to 
answer for a crime. An arrest is made by 
the actual restraint of the defendant or his 
submission to custody. 

Ques. 3:—When can an arrest be made 
without a warrant? By whom can the ar¬ 
rest be made? 

ANS.:—A peace officer may, WITHOUT 
A WARRANT, arrest a person: (1) for a 
crime committed or attempted in his pres¬ 
ence; (2) when the person arrested has 
committed a felony, although not in the 
presence of the officer; (3) when a felony 
has in fact been committed, and the peace 
officer has reasonable cause for believing 
the person to be arrested to have commit¬ 
ted it. To effect the arrest the officer may 
break open a door or window of a build¬ 
ing, if, after giving notice of his authority 
and purpose, he is refused admittance. 

Ques. 4:—Who are bound to aid an of¬ 
ficer in effecting an arrest? When can 
same be exempted from so doing? 

ANS.:—All citizens, when requested by 
the officer making the arrest. They are ex¬ 
empt* from so doing when physically un¬ 
able. 

Ques. 5:—What must an officer do when 
he makes an arrest except when same is 
made while the offender is actually com¬ 
mitting crime or is escaping? 

ANS.:—He must inform him of his rea¬ 
son for making the arrest. 


Ques. 7:—What is a crime? 

ANS.:—A crime is an act or omission for¬ 
bidden by law, and punishable upon convic¬ 
tion by death, or imprisonment, or fine, or 
removal from office, or disqualification to 
hold any office or trust, honor or profit, 
under the State, or other penal discipline. 

Ques. 8:—What is a warrant? 

ANS.:—A warrant is an instrument in 
writing signed by proper authority direct¬ 
ing that a certain person be brought before 
a court to answer for a crime alleged to 
have been committed by him or her, and 
must be served by a Peace Officer. 

Ques. 9:—What is the difference between 
warrants for felony and misdemeanor? 

ANS.:—If the crime charged in the war¬ 
rant be a felony, it may be served any day 
or night: if for a misdemeanor it cannot 
be served on Sunday or at night, unless it 
is indorsed by the Magistrate to be served 
on Sunday or at night. 

Ques. 10:—How is a crime punishable? 

ANS.:—A crime is punishable by death, 
imprisonment, fine, removal from office or 
disqualification to hold any office of trust, 
honor or profit under the State, or other 
penal discipline. 

Ques. 11:—Name the different kinds of 
warrants. 

ANS.:—Coroner’s warrant, search war¬ 
rant, warrant of arrest, bench warrant. 

Ques. 12:—What is a bench warrant, how 
served, and by whom issued? 

ANS.:—A bench warrant is issued for 
the arrest of a person against whom an 
indictment has been found; also for the 
arrest of a person who has forfeited his 
bail bond. It is served by a peace officer. 
It is issued by the clerk of the court. 


Ques. 6:—When may an officer break 
open a door or window? 

ANS.:—An officer may break open a door 
or window to release a person who has en¬ 
tered to make an arrest; or when he is de¬ 
nied admittance in pursuit of an escaped 
prisoner, or other person after committing 
a crime, or to execute a warrant or to 
make an arrest of a person supposed to 
have committed a felony, when being re¬ 
fused admittance after informing them of 
his authority and purpose. 


2 

HAY 23 1815 


Ques. 13:—What is a search warrant, 
when issued, and contains what? 

ANS.:—A search warrant is an order in 
writing, in the name of the people, signed 
by a Magistrate, directed to a peace officer 
commanding him to search for personal 
property and bring it before the Magis¬ 
trate. A search warrant is issued when 
property is stolen or embezzled and is con¬ 
cealed, or when property has been used to 
commit a felony and has been concealed 
or when property is jn the possession of 

A406213 

*o|. 




f 


a person who intends to use same to com¬ 
mit a public offense, or when he has deliv¬ 
ered to another person to conceal same. A 
search warrant must contain the facts tend¬ 
ing to establish the grounds of the applica¬ 
tion, or probable cause for believing that 
they exist. 

Ques. 14:—What must an officer do be¬ 
fore a Magistrate indorses a warrant in a 
county other than place of issue? 

ANS.:—He must prove the handwriting 
of the Magistrate who issued the warrant. 

Ques. 15:—What must an officer do when 
he levies on goods in compliance with a 
search warrant? 

ANS.:—When an officer takes property 
under a search warrant he must give a re¬ 
ceipt for the property taken (specify¬ 
ing it in detail) to the person from whom 
it was taken by him, or in whose posses¬ 
sion it was found; or in the absence of any 
person he must leave it in the place where 
he found the property. 

Ques. 16:—What is a misdemeanor? 
What is the maximum punishment? 

ANS.:—A misdemeanor is any crime less 
than a felony. Maximum punishment is 
imprisonment in a penitentiary or county 
jail for not more than one year, or by a 
fine of not more than $500, or both. 

Ques. 17:—What is a felony? How pun¬ 
ished? 

ANS.:—A felony is a crime which is or 
may be punishable by either death or im¬ 
prisonment in a State prison. 

Ques. 18:—What is the law relative to 
children under 7 years, and between the 
years of 7 and 12, and over 12 years, who 
commit crime? 

ANS.:—A child under the age of 7 years 
is not capable of committing crime. A child 
between the ages of 7 and 12 years is pre¬ 
sumed to be incapable of committing crime, 
but the presumption may be removed by 
proof that he had sufficient capacity to un¬ 
derstand the act or neglect charged against 
him, and to know its wrongfulness. A child 
between the ages of 7 and 16 years who 
shall commit any act or omission which, if 
committed by an adult, would be a crime 
not punishable by death or life imprison¬ 
ment, shall not be deemed guilty of any 
crime, but of juvenile delinquency only. 

Ques. 19:—What view does the law take 
relative to crime when committed while in 
a state of intoxication? 

ANS.:—No act committed by a person 
in a state of voluntary intoxication shall 
be deemed less criminal by reason of his 
having been in such condition. But when¬ 
ever the-actual existence of any particular 
purpose, motive or intent is a necessary 
element to constitute a particular species 
or degree of crime, the jury may take into 
consideration the fact that the accused 
was intoxicated at the time in determining 


the purpose, motive or intent with which 
he committed the act. 

Ques. 20:—What view does the law take 
of morbid criminal propensity? 

ANS.:—A morbid criminal propensity ex¬ 
isting in the mind of a person not shown 
to have been incapable of knowing the 
wrongfulness of such acts forms no de¬ 
fense. 

Ques. 21:—By whom and where is a 
crime punishable committed on an Albany 
day boat? On the Empire State Express? 

ANS.:—A crime committed on the Al¬ 
bany Day Boat would be punishable by the 
authorities of the county through which 
the boat passed, or at the beginning of or 
termination of the voyage, if completed. 
A crime committed on the Empire State 
Express, same as above. 

Ques. 22:—What is' the law relative to 
the Ambassador Act? 

ANS.:—Ambassadors and other public 
ministers from foreign governments ac¬ 
credited to the President or Government of 
the United States and recognized accord¬ 
ing to the laws of the United States, with 
their secretaries, messengers, families and 
servants, are not liable to punishment in 
this State, but are to be returned to their 
own country for trial and punishment. 

Ques. 23:—Who must serve warrants? 

ANS.:—Warrants must be directed to 
and executed by a peace officer. 

Ques. 24:—What is the principal to a 
crime? An accessory? 

ANS.:—A person concerned in the com¬ 
mission of a crime, whether he directly 
commits the act constituting the offense or 
aids and abets in its commission, and whether 
present or absent, and a person who directly 
or indirectly counsels, commands, induces or 
procures another to commit a crime, is a 
principal. An accessory to a crime is a per 
son who, after the commission of a felony, 
harbors, conceals, or aids the offender, with 
intent that he may avoid or escape from 
arrest, trial, conviction, or punishment, hav¬ 
ing knowledge or reasonable ground to be¬ 
lieve that such offender is liable to arrest, 
has been arrested, is indicted or convicted, 
or has committed a felony. 

Ques. 25:—Who are parties to a misde¬ 
meanor? 

ANS.:—All principals in a misdemeanor. 
A person who commits or participates in an 
act which would make him an accessory if 
the crime committed were a felony, is a prin¬ 
cipal, and may be indicted and punished as 
such, if the crime is a misdemeanor. 

Ques. 26:—What is an attempt to com¬ 
mit a crime? 

ANS.:—An act done with intent to commit 
a crime, and tending hut failing to effect its 
consummation, is an attempt to commit that 
crime. 


3 


Ques. 27:—What is an habitual criminal? 

ANS.:—A person who is hereafter con¬ 
victed of a felony who before that convic¬ 
tion has been convicted in this State of any 
other crime, or where a person is hereafter 
convicted of a misdemeanor who has already 
been five times convicted of a misdemeanor, 
may be judged by the court as an habitual 
criminal. 

Ques. 28:—What crime is an officer guilty 
of who allows a prisoner to escape? 

ANS.:—A peace officer who allows a pris¬ 
oner to escape (wilfully) by connivance, etc., 
is guilty of a felony. If he allows a pris¬ 
oner to escape in any manner he is guilty 
of a misdemeanor. 

Ques. 29:—What is perjury? State when 
it is possible to commit perjury and still 
swear to a truth? 

ANS.:—A person who swears or affirms 
that he will truly testify, declare, depose or 
certify, or that any testimony, declaration, 
deposition, etc., be true when he knows same 
to be false, is guilty of perjury. A person 
may be guilty of perjury and still swear to 
a truth when he swears to something some 
other person has told him. 

Ques. 30:—What is homicide? Name the 
different kinds. 

ANS.:—Homicide is the killing of one hu¬ 
man being by the act, procurement or omis¬ 
sion of another. Homicide is either mur¬ 
der, manslaughter, excusable homicide or jus¬ 
tifiable homicide. 

Ques. 31:—What proofs are required for 
conviction of murder and manslaughter? 

ANS.:—No person can be convicted of 
murder or manslaughter unless the death of 
the person alleged to have been killed, and 
the fact of killing by the defendant, as al¬ 
leged, are each established as independent 
facts, the former by direct proof and the 
latter beyond a reasonable doubt. 

Ques. 32:—Define assault in the first de¬ 
gree, second degree and third degree. 

ANS.:—A person who, with the intent to 
kill a human being, or to commit a felony 
on his person or property, or the person or 
property of another, assaults such other witft 
a loaded firearm or other dangerous weapon; 
or by any means likely to produce death; 
or administers or causes to be administered 
to another, poison or any drug which is dan¬ 
gerous to life, is guilty of assault in the first 
degree. 

A person who, under circumstances not 
amounting to assault in the first degree, with 
intent to injure, unlawfully administers or 
causes to be administered to-another any drug 
which is dangerous to life or health, or with 
intent thereby to enable himself or another to 
commit a crime, administers or causes to be 
administered to another, chloroform, ether, 
or any intoxicating or anesthetic agent; or 
wilfully and wrongfully inflicts upon anotner 
o-rievous bodily harm, either with or without 
a weapon; or assaults another with intent to 


commit a felony, or resists the lawful man¬ 
date of a court or officer, is guilty of assault 
in the second degree. 

A person who assaults another person in 
a way not specified above is guilty of assault 
in the third degree. 

Ques. 33:—State when force or violence 
is not unlawful? 

ANS.:—Force and violence may lawfully 
be used when necessarily committed by an 
officer in the discharge of a legal duty, or 
by any person assisting him; or by any per¬ 
son arresting a person who has committed 
a felony; or when committed in self-defense; 
or in defense of one about to be injured; 
or when preventing unlawful interference 
with property, or preventing trespass. When 
committed by a parent in lawfully correcting 
a child, or by a person in charge of a PUB¬ 
LIC VEHICLE for carrying PASSENGERS, 
in expelling any person from such vehicle for 
refusing to obey any reasonable regulation 
prescribed for the conduct of passengers, pro¬ 
viding such vehicle has been stopped and the 
force or violence used is not more than suf¬ 
ficient to expel the offending passenger with 
a reasonable regard to his personal safety, 
or when committed by a person in prevent¬ 
ing any person of unsound mind from com¬ 
mitting an act dangerous to himself or 
others. 

Ques. 34:—Define robbery. 

ANS.:—Robbery is the unlawful taking of 
personal property, from the person or in the 
presence of another, against his will, by 
means of force, or violence, or fear of in¬ 
jury, immediate or future, to his person or 
property, or the person or property of a rela¬ 
tive or member of his family, or any one in 
his company at the time of the robbery. 

Ques. 35:—What is duress? 

ANS.:—Duress is the act of compelling 
a person to do something against his will 
by means of threats of violence. A person 
who commits an unlawful act under duress 
is not liable to punishment therefor. 

Ques. 36:—Give law relative to labor on 
Sunday; also relative to persons observing 
another day as holy time. 

ANS.:—All labor on the first day of the 
week (Sunday) is prohibited, except works 
of necessity and charity, which include what¬ 
ever is needful for the good health and com¬ 
fort of the community. 

It is sufficient defense for the accused to 
have observed another day of the week as 
holy day, and that the labor was done in 
such a manner as not to interfere with or 
disturb others in observation ol tne first day 
of the week as holy time. 

Ques. 37:—What stores may keep open 
on Sunday, and what articles may be sold? 

ANS.:—Druggists, Florists, Newspaper 
Stores, Tobacco Stores and Confectioners, 
etc. 

The following articles may be sold on Sun¬ 
day : Articles of food may be sold and sup- 

4 


plied at any time before ten o’clock in the 
morning and also meals may be sold to be 
eaten on the premises, or served elsewhere, 
by caterers. Prepared tobacco, milk, ice, soda 
water, etc.,, may be sold in places where 
spirituous liquors are not kept for sale, and 
fruits, flowers, confectionery, surgical instru¬ 
ments, medicines, etc., may be sold at any 
time of the day in a quiet, orderly manner. 
The public sale or exposing for sale or the 
delivery of uncooked flesh foods, meats, fresh 
or salt, is not permitted at any hour on Sun¬ 
day. 


Ques. 38:—What is a dying statement? 
What value does the law place upon same? 

ANS. :•—The main thing in a dying state¬ 
ment is the mental condition of the person 
making same. In order that it be admitted 
as evidence, the person must have no hope 
of recovery. The following are the ques¬ 
tions necessary to make a dying statement 
complete: WHAT IS YOUR NAME? 
WHERE DO YOU LIVE? DO YOU NOW 
BELIEVE THAT YOU ARE ABOUT TO 
DiE? HAVE YOU ANY HOPE OF RE¬ 
COVERY FROM THE EFFECTS OF THE 
INJURY YOU HAVE RECEIVED? ARE 
YOU WILLING TO MAKE A TRUE 
STATEMENT? HOW, AND IN WHAT 
MANNER, CAME YOU TO THE IN¬ 
JURY FROM WHICH YOU ARE NOW 
SUFFERING? If possible, the statement of 
the patient should be reduced to writing and 
his signature obtained thereto. 

Dying statements are of the greatest im¬ 
portance to the public prosecutor. In many 
such cases there may be a total failure of 
justice if such statements are not taken. 

Ques. 39:—What is issue of facts? 

ANS.:—Issue of facts means all facts or 
statements which are affirmed on one side 
and denied on the other. A statement made 
by the prosecution and denied by the de¬ 
fense is an issue of fact. 


Ques. 40:—State different kinds of evi¬ 
dence. 

ANS.Direct evidence, conclusive, evi¬ 
dence, corroborative evidence, competent evi¬ 
dence, circumstantial evidence, relevant evi¬ 
dence, sufficient evidence,, cumulative evi¬ 
dence, testimony, presumption, facts in issue, 
hearsay testimony, etc. 


Ques. 41:—Define circumstantial evi- 

ence; cumulative evidence. 

ANS. Circumstantial evidence is evidence 
f facts and circumstances from which the 
sistence of some particular fact is sought 
) be established. If a merchant testified that 
e sold the revolver to No. 1 with which No. 
was shot, and the revolver was afterwards 
jund lying upon the ground by the side of 
[o. 2, with one cartridge exploded, it would 
- circumstantial evidence that No. 1 shot 
fo. 2. Cumulative evidence is evidence of 
le same character to the same point as evi- 
ence already given; it is a repetition of evi- 
ence or addnig to what has already been 
iven If other witnesses were to testify to 


what Nos. 3, 4 and 5 had testified to, it would 
be cumulative evidence. 

Ques. 42:—Can a conviction be obtained 
upon the uncorroborated statement of a 
child under 12 years? 

ANS.:—No. But a child under 12 years 
of age may testify in a criminal action. If 
in the court’s opinion it has sufficient intel¬ 
ligence to comprehend the meaning and im¬ 
portance of testimony, its testimony may be 
received, but not under oath, and the testi¬ 
mony must be corroborated before a convic¬ 
tion can be had. 

Ques. 43:—When can a conviction be had 
upon the accusation of rape? 

ANS.:—When it is shown that the ac¬ 
cused was physically able to accomplish a 
penetration, and it is proven that a pene¬ 
tration has been accomplished. Any sexual 
penetration, however slight, js sufficient to 
complete the crime. 

Ques. 44:—How do you understand the 
rules in regard to drinking liquor while 
in uniform whether off or on duty, or enter¬ 
ing places where liquor is sold while in uni¬ 
form, or smoking pipes or cigars while in 
uniform, whether off or on duty in the pub¬ 
lic office of the station house, or any court 
or schoolroom? 

ANS.:—No member of the Force is per¬ 
mitted while in uniform, whether on or off 
duty to drink any kind of intoxicating liquors, 
nor is he permitted to enter any place where 
intoxicating liquors are sold or furnished, 
while in uniform, whether on or off duty, 
except in the immediate discharge of his duty. 

No member of the Force is permitted to 
smoke pipes or cigars, or use tobacco in any 
form, while in uniform, whether on or off 
duty, except in the rear or sitting room of 
the station. The use of tobacco in the front 
office of the station house, courts or school¬ 
room is prohibited at all times. 

Ques. 45:—What action would you take 
should any person tender you any reward 
or gratuity directly or indirectly, or any 
compensation in the discharge of your 

duty? . . 

ANS.:—Make an application in writing to 
the Police Commissioner, through official 
channels, accompanied by the proposed re¬ 
ward, gratuity or compensation, requesting 
permission to accept same. No member of 
the Force or employee of the Police De- 
partment is permitted to accepf or share in, 
directly or indirectly, any reward, present, 
fee, gift or emolument for police services, in 
addition to his regular salary, without first 
obtaining permission from the Police Com¬ 
missioner. 

Ques. 46:—When are you entitled to re¬ 
ceive witness fees? What disposition are 
you required to make of such fees? 

ANS.:—When attending court in a civil 
action. All such fees are to be given to 
the Commanding Officer of the station house 
to which I am attached, to be forwarded to 


the Police Commissioner (through official 
channels) and donated to the Pension Fund. 

Ques. 47:—What disposition are you re¬ 
quired to make of all letters, anonymous or 
otherwise, that you receive in relation to 
police matters? 

ANS.:—Give same to my Commanding Offi¬ 
cer, that they may be investigated. 

Ques. 48:—If any person should assault 
you and escape for the time, to whom 
would you apply for permission to obtain 
a warrant for his arrest? 

ANS.:—The Chief Inspector. 

Ques. 49:—If you should lose your shield, 
fire or signal box key, what would be re¬ 
quired? 

ANS.:—Immediately report the loss of any 
Pf art icles named to the Commanding 
Officer of the station house to which I am 
attached. 

Ques. 50:—When going to or returning 
from court or meals, how should two or 
more policemen conduct themselves? 

ANS.:—They should march in military or¬ 
der. The patrolman longest on the Force is 
in command and is responsible. 

Ques. 51:—What is required in the case 
of sickness, when you are unable to per¬ 
form duty, or a member of your family has 
contagious disease? 

ANS.:—Report sick in person, or by a 
competent messenger, at the station house of 
the precinct in which I reside, except in case 
of emergency. 

In case of contagious disease in family of 
a member of the Force, he will be excused 
on an order from the Board of Health. 

Ques. 52:—What is the rule in regard to 
conversing with prisoners while in the cells 
or awaiting trial at the Police Court? 

ANS.:—No member of the Force, except 
the Police Commissioner, a Deputy Com¬ 
missioner. or an Inspector, or unless au¬ 
thorized by them in writing, is permitted to 
converse with a prisoner confined in a cell 
at the station house or a Police Court, and 
then only in the presence of the Doorman 
then on duty, or the Commanding Officer of 
the Court Squad. 

Ques. 53:—In case you should find a per¬ 
son insensible on the street and you should 
have any doubt as to the cause, what would 
be required? 

ANS.:—Immediately call for an ambulance 
and insist that said unconscious person be 
removed to the hospital; after which all nec¬ 
essary information must be obtained. 

Ques. 54:—What is required of you if 
at any time you should make an arrest in 
a precinct other than the one to which you 
are assigned? What disposition should 
you make of the prisoner? 

ANS.:—Take the prisoner to the station 
house of the precinct in which the arrest has 
been made, where he will be entered as a de¬ 
tained prisoner. The pedigree, etc., will be 


transmitted to the station house of the pre¬ 
cinct to which I am attached. The prisoner 
will be arraigned before the magistrate in 
the court to which prisoners are sent from 
the precinct in which the arrest has been 
made. The disposition will be reported at 
the station house to which I am attached. 

Ques. 55:—When is a Patrolman off 
duty? 

ANS.:—A Patrolman is on duty at all 
times, but is relieved at certain hours from 
the actual performance of duty on ordinary 
occasions. 

Ques. 56:—In case you should arrest a 
person for intoxication having money or 
other property in his possession, what is 
your duty? 

ANS.:—The prisoner will be searched at 
the station house by the officer making the 
arrest, under the supervision' of the Lieuten¬ 
ant on desk duty, who will be held responsi¬ 
ble for all articles taken from the prisoner. 
He will make a list of all articles taken, and 
give same to the prisoner. He will also enter 
the list bn the “arrest and aided” book. The 
articles will be returned to the prisoner by 
the arresting officer at the expiration of the 
court proceedings, who will take a receipt 
therefor. If the prisoner is a female, the 
Matron will make the search. 

Ques. 57:—What is your duty in case you 
should come into possession of lost prop¬ 
erty of a highly inflammable or dangerous 
character? 

ANS.:—When lost, abandoned or stolen 
property of a highly inflammable or danger¬ 
ous character or nature is discovered by or' 
comes into the custody of any Patrolman, it 
shall be his duty to report the same at once 
to his Commanding Officer, and he will take 
every means to prevent any person from com¬ 
ing into contact therewith. 

Ques. 58:—If you should arrest a per¬ 
son having in his possession stolen prop¬ 
erty, what disposition would you make of 
prisoner and property? 

ANS.:—Take prisoner and property to the 
station house. Property is to be marked for 
identification. The property will be taken to 
court as evidence. If the prisoner is held for 
trial, the property is to be taken to the Prop¬ 
erty Clerk of the Police Department. If the 1 
prisoner is discharged, the property is to be 
disposed of as the Court directs. 

Ques. 59:—In case you come in posses¬ 
sion of lost, stolen or unclaimed property 
what disposition are you required to make 
of such property? 

ANS.:—Bring same to the station house 
and furnish my Commanding Officer with a 
complete list and thorough description of all 
articles, making special note of all marks of 
identification; in case of revolvers, the name 
and number; in the case of watches, the name 
and number of the case and the number of 
the works. 


Ques. 60: When meeting a superior of- 
ncer, what are you required to do? What 
are you required to do upon entering the 
cmce of the Police Commissioner, Deputy 
Commissioner, or an Inspector? 

ANS.-When meeting a superior officer, 
come to the position of attention and salute. 
Upon entering the office of the Police Com¬ 
missioner, Deputy Commissioner or Inspec¬ 
tor, salute by removing the hat; if head is 
uncovered, salute by coming to the position of 
attention. 

Ques. 61:—What assistance are you to 
render in civil cases? 

ANS.:—None, except to prevent a breach 
of the peace or to quell a disturbance actu¬ 
ally commenced. 

Ques. 62:—In case a person should ask 
you to serve a summons, what would you 
do? 

ANS.Would take the name of the per¬ 
son making the request, have him accom¬ 
pany me so as to identify the person on 
whom the summons is to be served, and make 
note in my memo, book of my being absent 
from post and the cause for same. 

Ques. 63:—In what manner are you re¬ 
quired to carry your baton while on duty? 
In the discharge of your duty how are you 
to act in regard to wilfully maltreating or 
using any unnecessary force toward a pris¬ 
oner or citizen? 

ANS.:—Batons are to be carried in the 
socket of the belt when belts are worn. 
When belts are not worn, batons are to be 
carried in the hand as inconspicuously as 
possible. No officer is permitted to wilfully 
maltreat a prisoner or citizen, but he is au¬ 
thorized to use all necessary force to effect 
an arrest. 

Ques. 64:—What is your duty when you 
find a person who has been a victim of a 
murderous assault? 

ANS.:—To immediately send for an am¬ 
bulance and notify the station house to which 
I am attached, so that detectives may be 
assigned to the case; gather what informa¬ 
tion I can, together with the names of any 
witnesses; take a dying statement, if neces¬ 
sary. If an arrest is made in the case, pris¬ 
oner is to be taken before the assaulted per¬ 
son for the purpose of making an identifica¬ 
tion. 

Ques. 65:—What is your duty in regard 
to finding beggars, prostitutes and persons 
without visible means of support in the 
street? 

ANS.:—All beggars and persons without 
visible means of support found on the street 
are to be arrested and charged with being a 
vagrant. All prostitutes found soliciting on 
the streets for immoral purposes are to be 
arrested and charged with disorderly conduct. 

Ques. 66:—Children selling newspapers 
on the street; what are they required to 
have, and from whom is it procured? 

ANS.:—No male child under the age of 10 


years, or female under the age of 16 years, 
shall sell newspapers on the street. A male 
child between the ages of 10 and 14 years 
may sell newspapers with permission of the 
Board of Education or district school super¬ 
intendent of the district wherein child re¬ 
sides. The permit is issued upon applica¬ 
tion of the parent or guardian of the child. 
It bears the name, date, place of birth and 
general description of the child to whom 
issued; also the name of the child’s parent 
or guardian, and must be signed on the re¬ 
verse side by the child to whom issued in 
the presence of the issuing officer. A badge 
is issued with and bears a number corre¬ 
sponding with the number on the permit 
and must be worn at all times while selling 
papers. The permit is good for one year 
and is not transferable. The child cannot 
sell papers after 10 P. M. 

Ques. 67:—What is the rule in regard to 
being a member of any fire or military com¬ 
pany, or going to target excursions, or 
soliciting money for political purposes? 

ANS.:—No person connected with the Po¬ 
lice Force shall be a member of any fire or 
military company; nor be allowed to go on 
target, athletic or other excursions, except 
by permission of the Police Commissioner. 
Any Police Commissioner, or an officer or 
member of any police force in this State, 
who solicits any money for any political fund 
is guilty of a misdemeanor. 

Ques. 68:—In giving testimony before a 
Court or before a Commissioner, how 
should you give same, and in what manner 
are you required to stand? 

ANS.:—Testimony should be given in a 
clear and distinct voice, truthfully telling all 
known respecting the matter inquired of, 
without fear or reservation, and without any 
desire or design to influence the result. Must 
stand at the position of attention. 

Ques. 69:—What is required when you 
change your residence? 

AN S.:—Must report change in residence 
at the station house of the precinct to which 
attached; also the precinct which have moved 
from, and moved to, within 24 hours after 
such change has been made. 

Ques. 70:—(a) What games of chance are 
allowed in the station house? What games 
are allowed to be played in the station 
house? (b) What is your duty if you ar¬ 
rest a mail driver? (c) What are you to 
do when you find stray animals on your 
post? 

ANS.:—(a) The playing of any game of 
chance in the station house is positively pro¬ 
hibited. The games allowed in the station 
house are chess, dominoes and draughts, 
which shall be played only in the sitting room. 
All games are prohibited on Sundays. 

(b) If the driver of a wagon containing 
United States mail, or the person in charge 
of the United States mail, be charged with 
the commission of a crime less than a fel¬ 
ony, no arrest will be made at the time. The 
police officer will take the name of the de- 

7 


fendant, the name of his employer, and, if the 
defendant be a driver, the number of his 
wagon. The officer will notify the defendant 
to appear at a certain Magistrate’s Court at 
a specified time, and will also notify the de¬ 
fendant’s employer of the facts. If the crime 
charged be a felony, an arrest will be made 
forthwith. In such case the arresting officer 
will accompany his prisoner to the place 
where the mail is to be delivered, provided 
such place be within the State of New York, 
and after giving his prisoner opportunity to 
deliver the mail, he will take him to the 
proper station house. If it becomes necessary 
for the arresting officer to leave the city, he 
will notify his Commanding Officer by tele¬ 
phone. In no case will a defendant charged 
with committing a felony be permitted to 
leave the jurisdiction of the State of New 
York. If the destination of the delivery of 
the mail be out of the State, the arresting 
officer should communicate at once by the 
nearest telephone with the defendant’s em¬ 
ployer or post office authorities, so that ar¬ 
rangements may be made for the delivery of 
the mail matter. 

(c) All stray animals found on the street 
are to be taken to the station house, and a 
report covering all known facts made to the 
Commanding Officer. 

Ques. 71:—If you were on duty at fire 
lines, what persons would you permit to 
pass? 

ANS.:—The Mayor, members of the Board 
of Aldermen, heads of Departments, uni¬ 
formed Firemen and Insurance Patrolmen, or 
officials of the Fire Department carrying their 
badge of office, and persons having fire line 
badges. 

Ques. 72:—What is required if you should 
have knowledge of Gambling Houses, Lot¬ 
tery or Policy Shops being conducted on 
your post? 

ANS.:—To carefully observe all suspected 
gambling houses or other places of a sus¬ 
picious nature, obtain evidence as to the char¬ 
acter and ownership of such houses, note by 
whom frequented, and report result of such 
observations to my Commanding Officer. 

Ques. 73:—What is the rule in regard to 
wearing or purchasing second-hand Uni¬ 
forms? 

ANS.:—No member of the Force will be 
permitted to purchase or wear any police 
garments of another member or ex-member 
of the Force, without the special permis¬ 
sion, in writing, of the Police Commissioner. 

Ques. 74:—(a) What would you do if 
you should find a dead body in the street? 
(b) A dead body in the water, decayed or 
unsafe to remove? (c) A suicide in a build¬ 
ing? 

ANS.:—(a) When a dead human body is 
found in the water, or in or upon any street, 
alley, park, pier, public or other place in 
the City of New York, or comes to the no¬ 
tice or observation of any member of the 
Force, such member shall immediately ascer¬ 
tain full particulars in connection therewith, 

8 


notify the station house and Coroner, and 
until the necessary order has been issued by 
the Coroner, will see that no person shall 
touch, remove or disturb the body, nor touch, 
remove or disturb the clothing, nor any 
article upon or near such body. 

(b) If the body is in the water and is de¬ 
cayed so as to be unsafe for removal, it is 
to be secured, and action taken as above. 

(c) Suicide take same action as for dead 
body. 

Ques. 75:—What is the very first thing 
for you to observe when being assigned to 
a strange post? 

ANS.:—The location of the nearest fire 
signal box, telephone and signal box. 

Ques. 76:—(a) When you are on duty in 
the night time, what is required? (b) In 
case you find a door open, what is your 
duty? 

ANS.:—(a) To frequently examine all 
doors, areas, low windows, area gates and 
gratings of buildings on post; become ac¬ 
quainted with all persons living or doing 
business on post; be particular to note the 
time that all persons of bad character fre¬ 
quent post; investigate all suspicious circum¬ 
stances that may present themselves, such 
as hacks standing on or passing over the 
posts without lamps lighted, persons passing 
late at night with bundles, or persons loiter¬ 
ing about or acting in a suspicious manner. 

(b) In case of finding an open door on 
post, get assistance, make an investigation, 
and report same to my Commanding Officer; 
secure door by means of a drop lock, or a 
padlock from the station house. 

Ques. 77:—What is your duty in case you 
find water running in a building in the 
night time, and you have reason to think 
that it is doing damage? 

ANS.:—In case of any break or leakage 
of the water pipes in connection with any 
house, store or other building or premises, 
the occupant thereof will be notified as 
promptly as possible of the existence of the 
break or leakage and that same must be re¬ 
paired at once, and make an immediate re¬ 
port to my Commanding Officer. 

Ques. 78:—If you discover a fire on your 
post or adjoining post, what are you to do? 

ANS.:—Whenever a Patrolman discovers 
a fire, or has his attention called to a fire, 
he will immediately hasten to the nearest 
fire alarm box and send in an alarm. Should 
such fire require an alarm, he will cover the 
signal box with some person to direct the 
fire apparatus, to the location of the fire, im¬ 
mediately notify the Lieutenant on desk duty 
at the station house as to the location of 
the fire, description of building and whether 
reserves are needed, and shall perform such 
other duty as the circumstances may require. 

Ques. 79:—When on duty at night time, 
what are you to make yourself generally 
familiar with? 

ANS.:''—The persons living on, doing busi¬ 
ness on, and the persons passing over my post. 


Q uc ^* 80:—What is the best evidence of 
the officer’s efficiency when on post? 

A NS.: Absence of crime and absence of 
complaints from citizens. 

Ques. 81:—What information should you 
be prepared to give your superior officer 
regarding your post? 

ANS.: 1 he nature of the people residing 

on same, their means of earning their liveli¬ 
hood, and the nature of all business being 
conducted thereon, and the nearest fire alarm 
box, signal box and telephone. 

Ques. 82:—(a) What is your duty when 
a citizen seeks advice or information? (b) 
Can you enter a building while on patrol? 

ANS.:—(a) Will come to the position of 
attention, hear what the citizen has to say, 
give the necessary information, provided same 
is not regarding police matters prohibited by 
the Rules and Regulations of the Police De¬ 
partment. 

(b) Only in performance of police duty, 
or to answer a call of nature; and then an 
entry must be made in the memo, book of 
cause of such absence and length of same. 

..Ques. 83:—What is required in case you 
have to answer a call of nature? 

ANS.:—Patrolmen compelled to leave their 
posts for reasons other than the discharge 
of their duties, will, prior to so doing, tele¬ 
phone to the precinct station house from 
the nearest signal box and obtain the per¬ 
mission of the Lieutenant, and will report 
to the Lieutenant in the same manner their 
return to post. 

Ques. 84:—What would you do should 
you see a person passing over your post 
late at night with package, bundle or 
satchel? 

ANS.:—If the person was unknown to me 
and looked in any way suspicious, I would 
stop him and make an investigation. If he 
could not give a good account of how he 
came in possession of such bundle, etc., and 
his reason for being on the street at that 
hour, I would place him under arrest and 
charge him with being a suspicious^ person. 

Ques. 85:—What would be your duty 
should a person charge another with com¬ 
mitting a crime? 

ANS.:—If the crime charged was a felony, 
1 would place the one accused under arrest, 
and take both to the station house. Should 
the crime charged be a misdemeanor, I would 
direct the one making the accusation to place 
the accused tinder arrest and I would then 
accompany them to the station house. In 
both cases I would make an investigation to 
be sure that a crime had been committed. 

Ques. 86:—If you should find a person 
who was taken suddenly ill, or a person 
who had met with an accident, what would 
be your duty? 

ANS.:—To ascertain all facts in the case, 
summon an ambulance if necessary, obtain 
the names and addresses of witnesses, and 
make a complete report to my Commanding 
-Officer. 


Ques. 87:—What would be your duty in 
case you should see hacks or cabs passing 
over your post at night time with the lamps 
not lighted? 

ANS.:—Stop the hack or cab and investi¬ 
gate the circumstances. If there was any¬ 
thing suspicious found, would place the driver 
and occupants under arrest. If everything 
was found correct, I would issue a summons 
to the driver directing him to appear in court 
to answer a charge of violating a corporation 
ordinance in failing to have his lamps lighted. 

Ques. 88:—When placed on post, how 
long are you required to remain on post? 

ANS.:—Until properly relieved. 

Ques. 89:—How long are you allowed to 
converse with a citizen or a side partner 
while on post, and on what business? 

ANS.:—No longer than is absolutely nec¬ 
essary, and then on police business only. 

Ques. 90:—(a) In what manner are you 
required to patrol your post? (b) What is 
required if you find dead animals on your 
post? 

ANS.:—(a) When on patrol a Patrolman 
must constantly patrol his post and follow the 
curb line; must not stand, walk or converse 
with policemen or citizens except on police 
business, and then no longer than is abso¬ 
lutely necessary. 

(b) All dead animals found in the street 
or public places during day tours by mem¬ 
bers of the Force shall be reported forth¬ 
with by signal box, or personally at the sta¬ 
tion house. Dead animals found at night 
time will be reported at the expiration *qf 
the tour of duty. 

Ques. 91:—(a) If you have knowledge of 
any contagious disease in a house on your 
post; (b) if street or electric lamps are not 
lighted on your post; (c) if you observe 
broken or leaking fire hydrants; (d) dan¬ 
gerous places or sunken pavements in the 
streets; what is your duty? 

ANS.:—(a) All cases of contagious dis¬ 
eases will be promptly reported to officer 
on desk duty. 

(b) If any gas or electric lamps are found 
not burning, which are in condition to burn, 
they will be immediately lighted by the officer 
discovering same. Patrolman will report at 
the desk at the expiration of their tour of 
night duty, each lamp in condition to burn, 
found not burning, and the hour that they 
lighted same, also all found broken or not in 
condition to burn and the cause thereof. 

(c) All broken or leaking fire hydrants 
will be immediately reported to the officer 
on desk duty, by signal box or telephone. 

(d) All dangerous places will be reported 

to the officer on desk duty at once, and all 
necessary steps will be taken by the officer 
to guard same that no person may be injured 
by same. Sunken pavements will be reported 
at the desk at the expiration of tour of duty, 
except where same are in a dangerous condi¬ 
tion; then same action as to dangerous places 
will be taken. ibrlJ 


9 


Ques. 92:—What is your duty when you 
find lost children on the street? When you 
find a foundling or have your attention 
called to one? 

ANS.:—Whenever a member of the Force 
finds or has his attention called to a lost 
child, he shall make inquiry in the immediate 
neighborhood and endeavor to ascertain the 
residence of the parent or guardian of said 
child. Failing to do so, he shall bring the 
child to a station house. When a member 
of the Force finds or has his attention called 
to a foundling anywhere in the city, he shall 
immediately have same conveyed to the near¬ 
est station house. 

Ques. 93:—What is the legal rate of 
speed of automobiles in parts of City that 
are closely built up? 

ANS.:—Eight miles per hour. 

Ques. 94:—Are automobiles licensed? If 
so, by whom is the same granted, what is 
the fee, where is the license exhibited? 

ANS.:^Yes; by the Secretary of State. 
The fee is $5.00 for a vehicle having a rating 
of 25 H. P. or less; $10.00 for a vehicle 
having a rating of more than 25 and less 
than 35 H. P.; $15.00 for a vehicle having a 
rating of more than 35 and less than 50 
H. P., and $25.00 for a vehicle having a rat¬ 
ing of more than 50 H. P. Registration num¬ 
ber must be displayed in front of and at the 
rear of each automobile, securely fastened so 
they cannot swing. 

Ques. 95:—What do you call a person 
who operates an auto? Is he required to 
be licensed? By whom? What is the fee? 
When must same be renewed? 

ANS.:—A Chauffeur. Yes, by the Secre¬ 
tary of State. Fee is $5.00. Date of re¬ 
newal is the first day of February of each 
year. 

Ques. 90:—Name the three offenses un¬ 
der the Motor Vehicle Law, and state in 
what courts they are brought to trial. 

ANS.:—Over-speeding, operating an auto¬ 
mobile without a registration number and 
Chauffeur operating an automobile without 
a license. First offense is tried in Magis¬ 
trate’s Court; subsequent offenses tried in 
Court of Special Sessions. 

Ques. 97:—In what manner are Chauf¬ 
feurs required to carry their licenses? 
Under what condition are owners not re¬ 
quired to have a license to operate an auto¬ 
mobile? What license must they have? 
What period of time is allotted to them be¬ 
fore they must get a license of their own? 

ANS.:—Chauffeurs must have their 
license badges pinned on the outside of 
their clothing in a conspicuous place at all 
times when operating an automobile on the 
public highway. Owners are not required 
to have a license immediately after pur¬ 
chase of a car from a manufacturer. They 
can operate under a manufacturers’ license 
for a period of 15 days, and then must have 
their license. 


Ques. 98:—(a) What lights are automo¬ 
biles required to have? (b) What must 
show on the front? (c) What kind of a 
light must be in the rear? (d) What are 
the hours to have the lights lighted? 

ANS.:—(a) At least three lighted lamps, 
(b) Two lighted lamps which are visible 
for at least 200 feet in the direction from 
which the automobile is proceeding, (c) A 
lamp showing a red light visible from the 
rear. The rays of such lamp shall shine 
on the number plate carried on the rear of 
such vehicle so that the numerals can be 
seen for at least fifty feet in the direction 
from which the vehicle is proceeding, (d) 
One-half hour after sunset and one-half 
hour before sunrise. 

Ques. 99:—Can a person harbor any ani¬ 
mal or bird that makes so much noise that 
it would disturb the rest or repose of any 
person to the detriment of life or health? 

ANS.:—No. A person harboring an ani¬ 
mal making so much noise as to disturb the 
public peace, or repose, is guilty of main¬ 
taining a nuisance. 

Ques. 100:—Could you arrest any person 
under such circumstances if the person 
who made the complaint would go to 
court? 

ANS.:—Yes, on a warrant issued by a 
Magistrate. 

Ques. 101:—What is required of drivers 
carrying rails, pillars, or columns of steel 
or iron on carts, drays or cars, which would 
disturb the community by loud noises? 
What offense would you charge the of¬ 
fender with? 

ANS.:—All rails, pillars and columns of 
steel or iron, or other materials which are 
being transported over and along the 
streets of the City of New York upon carts, 
drays or cars, or in any other manner, shall 
be so loaded as to avoid causing loud noises 
or disturbing the peace and quiet of such 
streets. Would be charged with violation 
of a corporation ordinance (Sect. 529). 

Ques. 192:—Can a person beat a drum or 
other instrument for the purpose of at¬ 
tracting attention, for the show of a beast 
or bird? 

ANS.:—No person shall beat a drum, 
blow a horn or other instrument for the 
purpose or attracting attention to the sale 
of his wares, or to advertise his show. 

Ques. 103:—What are the hours that a 
hand organ may be allowed to play in the 
street? At what distance from hospitals, 
schools, asylums or public institutions? 
From a private dwelling if requested to 
stop playing? 

ANS.:—No hand organ can be played in 
the Borough of Manhattan between the 
hours of 9 A. M. and 7 P. M. Must not be 
played on Sunday. Must not be played 
within a distance of 500 feet of any school 
house during school hours, or within the 
same distance of any hospital, asylum, or 
other public institution; nor within a dis- 

10 


tance of 250 feet of any dwelling house or 
other building when requested by an occu¬ 
pant thereof to stop playing. 

Ques. 104:—When on post near a hospi¬ 
tal, what is your duty relative to unneces¬ 
sary noises by street vendors, hoodlums 
who cry “extras,” and small boys who con¬ 
gregate thereat, or any other noises which 
would tend to annoy a sick person? 

ANS.:—Any person guilty of the above 
would be subject to arrest, as no person 
shall make any noise within 250 feet of any 
hospital that would tend to annoy a person 
confined therein. 

Ques. 105:—If any person is arrested for 
the above offense, what crime would you 
charge him with, and how would you ex¬ 
plain the conditions to the Magistrate? 

ANS.:—He would be guilty of a violation 
of corporation ordinance. I would explain 
tc the Magistrate that the defendant was 
making unnecessary noise, stating how, on 
a street within 250 feet of the hospital, and 
that the street had been designated as a 
hospital street, and that signs were placed 
on the lamp post to the effect. 

Ques. 106:—Name the Courts within the 
City of New York where crime is triable? 

ANS.:—Police Magistrates’ Court, Coro¬ 
ner’s Court, Special and General Sessions 
Court, Supreme Court and County Courts. 

Ques. 107:—Under what general head¬ 
ings is crime divided? How punished? 

ANS.:—A crime is either a felony or. a 
misdemeanor. Punished by death, impris¬ 
onment or fine. 

Ques. 108:—State what a Search Warrant 
should contain? When is same issued? 

ANS.:—A Search Warrant should con¬ 
tain a description of the property sought 
and the person and place to be searched. A 
Search Warrant is issued when an affidavit 
has been made giving reasonable grounds 
to believe that property has been concealed 
after being stolen, or is to be used to com¬ 
mit a felony, or after being used in com¬ 
mitting a felony. 

Ques. 109:—Who executes a Warrant? 

ANS.:—A peace officer. 

Ques. 110:—Who has the power to issue 
a Bench Warrant, on what grounds, and for 
what or whom it is issued? 

ANS.:—The District Attorney. If a de¬ 
fendant has been discharged on bail and 
fails to appear to be arraigned, or when a 
person has been indicted for any crime. 

Ques. Ill:—What should an officer do 
when a warrant is issued for John Doe? 

ANS.:—He should obtain a complete de¬ 
scription of the person to be. arrested .or 
have some other person obtain an identifi¬ 
cation. 

Ques. 112:—Is it permissible to allow a 
person arrested for misdemeanor in an¬ 
other county to be bailed therein? 

ANS —Yes; he may be released on bail 


to await a warrant of arrest from the 
county having jurisdiction of the crime. 

Ques. 113: —State what is obligatory on 
an officer when he seizes goods in com¬ 
pliance with a Search Warrant. 

ANS.:—When an officer seizes property 
under a search -warrant he must give a re¬ 
ceipt for the property taken, specifying in 
detail, to the person from whom he has 
taken the property, or in whose possession 
it was found; or in the absence of any per¬ 
son, he must leave it in the place where 
the property was found. 

Ques. 114: —Is it necessary to have a Cor¬ 
oner’s warrant endorsed for service in an¬ 
other county?, 

ANS.:—No; a Coroner’s warrant need 
not be indorsed for service in another 
county. 

Ques. 115: —As an officer on post in the 
confines of the City, how far can you go 
into another county in the State to make 
an arrest? 

ANS.:—A peace officer can make an ar¬ 
rest in any county in the State, as he is a 
State officer. 

Ques. 116: —Where is a crime punishable 
committed partly in one county and partly 
in another? 

ANS.:—In either county. 

Ques. 117: —What powers has an officer 
to force an entrance into a house to execute 
a warrant? State what he must do before 
he forces entrance? 

ANS.:—He may break open an inner or 
outer door or window to execute a war¬ 
rant, when refused admittance. He must 
give notice of his authority and purpose. 

Ques 118: —What power have peace of¬ 
ficers in compelling a private citizen to as¬ 
sist them in making an arrest or serving a 
warrant? 

ANS.:—Every person must aid an officer 
in the execution of a warrant or while mak¬ 
ing arrest, if called upon by the officer to 
aid him. 

Ques. 119: —When may a private citizen 
refuse? 

ANS.:—When he is physically unable to 
assist. 

Ques. 120: —How is an arrest made? 
How much force may be used? 

ANS.:^-An arrest is made by the taking 
of a person into custody, or his submis¬ 
sion thereto. No more force than is act¬ 
ually necessary to make the arrest is per¬ 
mitted. 

Ques. 121: —(a) State what you must do 
when you make an arrest on a warrant, 
(b) State when you are not required to 
do so. 

ANS.:—(a) When making an arrest on 
a warrant the officer executing same must 
inform the defendant why arrest is being 
made, and must read the warrant to him if 
necessary, (b) When defendant is being 

11 


arrested in the act of committing a crime, 
or while being pursued immediately there¬ 
after. 

Ques. 122: —What may a person do to lib¬ 
erate himself or a private person locked in 
a building? 

ANS.:—He may break open an outer or 
inner door or window . 

Ques. 123: —State when an officer would 
be justified in taking a human life. 

ANS.:—When necessary in overcoming 
actual resistance to the execution of a legal 
process, mandate or order of the Court; or 
in the discharge of a legal duty; when 
necessary to retake a prisoner who has 
committed or has been arrested for, or con¬ 
victed for, a felony and who has escaped or 
has been rescued after committing a felony; 
in lawfully suppressing a riot; or in law¬ 
fully preserving the pease. 

Ques. 124: —State when an arrest is at 
all times justifiable? 

ANS.:—When made on a warrant; in the 
act of committing a crime; or when sus¬ 
pected of committing a felony. 

Ques. 125: —What is the correct police 
action to be taken against a person who de¬ 
liberately turns on the gas and partly as¬ 
phyxiates herself and others? 

ANS.:—She is to be placed under arrest 
charged with Attempted Suicide and Felon¬ 
ious Assault. 

Ques. 126: —Are you justified in feeling 
the outside pockets of a prisoner arrested 
for a serious offense, and why? 

ANS.:—Yes. To see whether or not he 
has any concealed weapon in his pockets 
which he may use in an endeavor to escape. 

Ques. 127 :—What charge would you 
make against a woman for soliciting for 
immoral purposes? Against a person who 
lives wholly upon the proceeds of a pros¬ 
titute? Against one who is habitually in 
the company of prostitutes? 

ANS.:—They are all disorderly persons 
and can be arrested for disorderly conduct. 

Ques. 128: —What crime is a person guilty 
of who disguises his or her sex? 

ANS.:—Disorderly conduct. 

Ques. 129: —(a) Who are compelled to 
support poor relatives? (b) What officials 
have supervision of same? 

ANS.:—(a) Their relatives. (b) The 
Overseer of the Poor. 


Ques. 130:—Give an instance where a per¬ 
son is punishable for a crime in this State 
who has never been within this State. 

ANS.:—When he is an accessory to a 
felony committed within this State, or 
when he has sent the means to commit a 
crime into the State. 

Ques. 131:—What would you do in re¬ 
gard to giving information which might 
enable any person to escape from arrest or 
punishment or to secrete any stolen goods 
or goods unlawfully obtained? 

ANS.:—No member of the Force is per¬ 
mitted to give any information to a per¬ 
son that would enable him to escape from 
arrest or punishment, or to enable him to 
dispose of or to secrete any goods or other 
valuables stolen or otherwise unlawfully 
obtained. 

Ques. 132:—In regard to giving any in¬ 
formation respecting orders received at the 
desk or in relation to police matters, out¬ 
side of the police station house? 

ANS.:—No member of the Force is per¬ 
mitted to give any information respecting 
any special orders he may have received, 
except with the permission and direction 
of his Commanding Officer, or superiors in 
office. 

Ques. 133:—What books are you required 
to keep in your possession at all times? For 
what purpose are you required to keep the 
memorandum book? For what purposes 
the manual? 

ANS.:—The Summons Book, Memoran¬ 
dum Book and Manual. The Memorandum 
Book is to be kept in an officer’s pocket at 
all times so that he can keep record of the 
duty performed by him, such as the num¬ 
ber of his post on certain dates, all acci¬ 
dents, arrests, and disposition of same, his 
absence from post and the reason therefor. 
The manual is to be kept in an officer’s 
possession so that he may read and study 
same and become familiar with its con¬ 
tents. (Note: The rule regarding the car¬ 
rying of the Manual while on post has been 
revoked.) 

Ques. 134:—In what manner are you re¬ 
quired to wear the shield at all times while 
on duty? 

ANS.:—When in uniform it is to be 
pinned on the left side of the breast on the 
outermost garment. When on duty in 
plain clothes, the shield should be pinned 
on the left breast of the vest so that same 
can be easily displayed when necessary. 





12 



ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS ASKED AT PAST 

EXAMINATIONS. 


Municipal Civil Service Com’n., N. Y. 
PATROLMAN. 


Date: April 1, 1914. 
GOVERNMENT—Weight 5. 

(To be finished at 2.30 P. M.) 

Ques. 1:—Name the courts that try cases 
of murder, disorderly conduct, passing 
counterfeit money, carrying concealed 
weapons, cruelty to a horse. 

ANS.:—The Supreme Court and County 
Courts try cases of murder, in New York 
City the Court of General Sessions also 
tries murder cases. 

Disorderly Conduct: In the Magistrates’ 
Court. 

Passing Counterfeit Money: In the Unit¬ 
ed States District Court. 

Carrying Concealed Weapons: Supreme 
Court, County Courts and Court of General 
Sessions. 

Cruelty to a Horse: In the Magistrates’ 
Court for a first offense, if the offender 
pleads guilty; otherwise, in the Court of 
Special Sessions. 


Ques. 2:—Specify the official or depart¬ 
ment having charge of the collection of 
city taxes, the prosecution of offenders, the 
issuing of marriage licenses, the care of the 
destitute, the settlement of disputes about 
wills. 

ANS.:—Collection of City Taxes: Fi¬ 
nance Department. 

Prosecution of offenders: District Attor¬ 
ney. (Note: The Corporation Counsel 
prosecutes offenders in civil cases, but it is 
doubtful whether the question has refer¬ 
ence to that.) 

Issuing Marriage Licenses: the City 

Clerk. , _ , „ u 

Care of the Destitute: the Dept, of Pub¬ 
lic Charities. 

Settlement of Disputes about Wills: the 
Surrogate. 


Ques. 3:—Who has authority to issue 
licenses in each of the following cases: (a) 
To act as a chauffeur; (b) to sell milk with¬ 
in the city limits; (c) to place building ma¬ 
terial in the streets; (d) to operate an ex- 


ress wagon? 

ANS.:—(a) The Secretary of State. 

(b) Board of Health. . 

(c) Borough President (Bur. of High- 

ays). , T . 

(d) Mayor’s Bureau of Licenses. 


Q ues . 4 : —What officer is the chief ex¬ 
ecutive of a city? Of a state? Of the 
U s ? What body of men make laws tor 
the U. S.? For New York State? For 


l 

New York City? What officials constitute 
the Board of Estimate and Apportionment 
of New York City? 

ANS.:—Chief Executive of the City: The 
Mayor. Of the State: The Governor. Of 
the U. S.: The President. 

Lawmakers for the U. S.: Congress (Sen¬ 
ate and House of Representatives). For 
New York State: The Legislature (Senate 
and Assembly). For New York City: The 
Board of Aldermen. 

The Board of Estimate consists of the 
Mayor, the Comptroller, the President of 
the Board of Aldermen, and the Presidents 
of Manhattan, Brooklyn, Bronx, Queens 
and Richmond Boroughs. 

Ques. 5:—State exactly what action you 
would take as a Policeman if you noticed 
the following conditions on your post, and 
give your reason for your answer in each 
case: (a) An unlighted street lamp; (b) a 
dead cat in the gutter; (c) the door of a 
private residence unlocked and partly open 
at 1 o’clock in the morning; (d) a lost 
child; (e) a fire in a tenement. 

ANS.:—(a) Light the lamp if it can be 
lighted. At the expiration, of tour of duty 
report it at the desk, giving location of 
lamp and time of discovery. Reason: Dark¬ 
ness is conducive to crime and accidents. 

(b) If in the day-time, report at once by 
signal box to station house, or personally 
at station house. If at night, report at ex¬ 
piration of tour of duty. If on a hot night, 
it should also be reported by signal box, 
especially if in a tenement district. Reason: 
A decaying carcass is likely to breed dis¬ 
ease. There is need of quicker action in 
the daytime when the sun is shining than 
at night when it is cool. 

(c) Get assistance, make an investiga¬ 
tion, report by ’phone to station house, and 
secure the door with a drop lock or padlock 
from the station house. Reason: Assist¬ 
ance should be called first, in order to pre¬ 
vent a possible burglar from escaping. The 
door should be padlocked to prevent an in¬ 
truder from entering. 

NOTE:—The answer as given is suffi¬ 
cient. For purposes of information the fol¬ 
lowing may be added: 

The Patrolman should keep his eye on the 
open door and summon assistance quietly; 
not by rapping his club, if it can be avoid¬ 
ed. Tell a citizen to call Patrolman on next 
post. If unable to do this, he should not 
leave in order to ’phone. He should go 
into house and investigate. If able to se¬ 
cure assistance, he should surround the 
house before entering, to prevent a possible 
burglar from escaping. 

(d) Inquire in the vicinity in an effort to 
discover child’s home. If unable to locate, 
take child to nearest station house where 


13 



there is a Matron. Reason: To save the 
parents from needless anxiety and to save 
the City from having to take into custody 
a child where there is no need of it. 

(e) Rap for assistance, rush to firebox 
and turn in alarm. Run through house and 


arouse tenants and help any that need help. 
Phone to station house, or have somebody 
else do it. Reason: The first necessity is 
to send in an alarm, next to arouse tenants, 
and next to have the reserves turn out to 
keep order. 


HOW PAPERS ARE RATED. 


HOW PAPERS ARE RATED IN THE 
ABOVE EXAMINATION OF 
APRIL 1, 1914. 

Government has a weight of 5; Arithme¬ 
tic, 2, and Memory, 3, a total of 10. Each 
paper is rated on a basis of 100. Then the 
percentage on each paper is equalized ac¬ 
cording to the weight given that paper and 
all added together to give the final aver¬ 
age. . 

There are 5 questions in Government, 
each of which, on'a 100% basis, has a weight 
of 20%. 

Ques. 1 has 5 sub-divisions, each of which 
has a weight of 4%. 

Ques. 2 has 5 sub-divisions, each of which 
has a weight of 4%. 

Ques. 3 has 4 sub-divisions, each of which 
has a weight of 5%. 

Ques. 4 has 7 *sub-divisions, and the nat¬ 
ural conclusion would be that each would 
have a weight of l-7th of 20%, or 2.86%. 
But there are two reasons for beliving that 
in this question the sub-divisions will not 
be given equal weight. One reason is that 
it would be such a nuisance to calculate on 
a basis of sevenths that, rather than do it, 
the Examiners would re-arrange the num¬ 
ber of sub-divisions to provide a more con¬ 
venient basis of calculation. Another rea¬ 
son is that the first 6 sub-divisions are easy, 
while the 7th, relating to the Board of Esti¬ 
mate, is nearly as difficult as the other 6 
combined. The Chronicle will therefore as¬ 
sume that the first 6 sub-divisions will be 
given a weight of 2% each, making 12%, and 
that the Board of Estimate questions 
(which alone calls for the naming of 7 offi¬ 
cials) will be given a weight of 8%. Al¬ 
though this still leaves an odd division of 
7 officials into 8%, it figures approximately 
1% for each official, and is far less trouble¬ 
some than if all 7 sub-divisions had to be 
considered in sevenths. 

Ques. 5 has 5 sub-divisions, each of which 
has a weight of 4%. 

Arithmetic has a weight of 20. There are 
4 questions and, on a basis of 100%, each 
has a weight of 25%. Arithmetic cannot 
be rated precisely. It is largely a matter of 
judgment of the Examiner how severely to 
charge errors- If the method is correct, 
that, of course, is the main thing; still, if the 
candidate knows the method and still can¬ 
not do the processes correctly, the deduc¬ 
tions may be heavy. In the practical affairs 
of life errors in arithmetic are serious, re¬ 


gardless of whether made through ignor¬ 
ance or carelessness. If the City had to de¬ 
pend on the calculations of an employe as 
to the revenue of the Water Department 
and the employe figured $1,000,000 short, 
the City would be losing $1,000,000. Such 
an error would be charged seriously. On 
the other hand, a small difference due to ob¬ 
vious carelessness would be charged leni¬ 
ently. . , . 

The Memory Test has a weight of 30, and 
is also considered on a basis of 100%. 
There are 12 things to remember, as fol¬ 
lows: (1) Look for a man, (2) name, (3) 
age, (4) height, (5) weight, (6) crossed 
eye, (7) scar on cheek, (8) hat, (9) suit, 
(10) wanted in Yonkers, (11) charge, felo¬ 
nious assault, (12) reward. This gives a 
weight of 8 1-3% to each. 

The weight on 11 of these items is 
about equal, but the one relating to the 
charge of felonious assault, from a technical 
point of view, is the most important, be¬ 
cause for felonious assault an officer can 
make an arrest without a warrant. However, 
it is probable that the deduction for for¬ 
getting the charge will be no more seri¬ 
ous than for forgetting the descriptions, and 
that a uniform deduction of 81-3% will 
be made for each item forgotten. This is 
the most difficult Memory Test that has 
ever been given in the Patrolman examina¬ 
tion, because nearly all of the items are 
descriptive and all are of nearly equal im¬ 
portance. 

Suppose that a candidate receives 80 on 
Government, 90 on Arithmetic and 68 on 
Memory. The average is not computed by 
adding 80, 90 and 68 and dividing by 3, 
which would give 79.33. This could only be 
done if all three papers had the same 
weight. But each has a different weight. 
Therefore the percentage of each paper 
must be multiplied by its weight, in 
order to reduce them to a common factor, 
and then the products added together. 

The weight on Government is 5, or 50. 
The candidate has made 80% of that 50. 
Eighty per cent, of 50 is 40%. On Arith¬ 
metic he made 90% of 20, which is 18%. 
On Memory he made 68% of 30, which is 
20.40%. This gives the following result: 

Government .40.00% 

Arithmetic.18.00% 

Memory .20.40% 


Average .78.40% 


14 










It is not necessary to receive a given per¬ 
centage on each subect. If the final average 
is 70% in the Patrolman examination the 
candidate passes. 


Municipal Civil Service Commission. 

PATROLMAN. 

GOVERNMENT AND DUTIES. 

Weight 5. 

Date: June 23, 1913. 

Ques. 1:—To what department or bureau 
would you send a person who wished to 
get a permit (a) to keep a pistol; (b) to 
conduct a junk shop; (c) to sell kerosene 
oil; (d) to use a hose to sprinkle his garden 
at certain periods of the year? 

ANS.:—(a) Police Department or any 
City Magistrate. 

(b) Mayor’s Bureau of Licenses. 

(c) Fire Prevention Bureau, Fire Depart¬ 
ment. 

(d) Department of Water Supply, Gas 
and Electricity. 

Ques. 2:—What department has charge 
of (a) Floating Baths; (b) House of De¬ 
tention; (c) Riverside Drive; (d) Willard 
Parker Hospital; (e) playgrounds for chil¬ 
dren in the City parks? 

ANS.:—(a) Bofough President (Bureau 
of Public Buildings and Offices). 

(b) Police Department. 

(c) Department of Parks. 

(d) Health Department. 

(NOTE: This is a contagious disease 
hospital.) 

(e) Park Department. 

(NOTE: The question is raised by a can¬ 
didate as to whether the office of Borough 
President is a department. In one sense 
it is, and in another it is a collection of 
departments or bureaus. In the case of the 
question, “What department or bureau has 
jurisdiction over Floating Baths?” the an¬ 
swer is Borough President, because the Su¬ 
perintendent of Public Buildings and Of¬ 
fices (who looks after that bureau) is not 
a department head, but a subordinate offi¬ 
cial, who has no independent powers. In 
the case of the Tenement Commissioner, 
who is appointed by the Mayor, he has 
complete charge of his department and does 
not have to ask permission to do anything. 
Therefore, so far as the intent of this ques¬ 
tion goes, the office of Borough President 
is a department.) 

Ques. 3:—Define or explain each of the 
following: (a) Grand larceny; (b) man¬ 
slaughter; (c) perjury; (d) bribery; (e) 
blackmail. . . 

ANS.:—(a) Taking property valued at 
over $50 from another in an unlawful man¬ 
ner. . , , . 

(b) Killing a person in the heat of pas¬ 
sion. but without intent to cause death. 

(c) Swearing falsely to that which is 
known to be untrue. 


(d) Giving money or property to a pub¬ 
lic officer to induce him to act contrary to 
his duty, or giving money to any person to 
induce him to do an unlawful act; or 
giving money to a person to vote contrary 
to his convictions. 

(e) Knowingly sending to a person a 
communication in writing accusing him of 
a crime and threatening him in order to 
extort money or other gain. 

Ques. 4:—What department or board 
should be notified in the case of each of the 
following complaints concerning Moving 
Picture theatres: (a) That there is no red 
sign or light over one of the exits in the 
balcony; (b) that children under fourteen 
years old are admitted unattended at night 
to the entertainment; (c) that only a few 
drinking glasses are provided for the pa¬ 
trons instead of individual drinking cups; 
(d) that a performer plays a part on Sun¬ 
day in which there is negro singing and 
dancing? 

ANS.:—(a) Fire Prevention Bureau, Fire 
Department. 

(b) Police Department. 

(c) Health Department. 

(d) Police Department. 

Ques. 5:—(a) Under what circumstances 
should a Patrolman serve a summons on a 
person charged with an infraction of the 
law or ordinance, instead of making an ar¬ 
rest? (b) Name three conditions under 
which a Patrolman may make an arrest 
without a warrant. 

ANS.:—(a) For violation of the Motor 
Vehicle Law or any ordinance, except when 
the offender cannot take care of himself 
and except when charged with disorderly 
conduct tending to breach of peace. Such 
summons SHALL be served in all cases 
when the offender has an Identification 
Card issued by the Police Commissioner; 
and MAY be served when the offender can 
satisfactorily identify himself, even if he 
has no such Identification Card. 

(NOTE: The serving of summons in 
place of arrest when the offender has an 
Identification Card is mandatory under law. 
but the law also provides that the Police 
Commissioner may, in his discretion, accept 
other means of identification, and under 
orders of the Mayor the Police now ac¬ 
cept any satisfactory means of identifica¬ 
tion. The latter is, however, merely a rule 
subject to change, and not a law.) 

(b) When a felony or misdemeanor has 
been committed in his presence. When a 
felony has been committed, although not 
in his presence, and he has reason to be¬ 
lieve that the person about to be arrested 
committed the felony. When the person 
arrested has committed a felony, although 
not in the officer’s presence. 

A fourth ground would be resisting an 
officer in the enforcement of a rule of the 
Health Department, as Health Department 
rules have the effect of ordinances. 

(NOTE: Candidates should note well 
the above wording regarding felonies. Po¬ 
lice Captain Kuhne had to pay a judgment 

15 



of $2,000 for arresting a person charged 
with having committed a felony, but who, 
it afterwards proved, had not committed a 
felony. The following is the law: Either 
the felony must be committed in the pres¬ 
ence of the officer, or a felony has without 
any doubt been committed, in which case 
the officer may arrest a person whom he 
believes committed the felony (even if it 
afterward appears that some other person 
was the one who committed it); or he may 
arrest a person who has committed a fel¬ 
ony, although not in the officer’s presence. 
The difference between the second and 
third is as follows: In the second case 
there is no doubt that John Jones has been 
murdered, and the Policeman believes that 
Wm. Smith committed the crime. In the 
third case it is known that August John¬ 
son, a counterfeiter, is wanted by the au¬ 
thorities, and the Patrolman meets John¬ 
son on the street and arrests him. Many 
candidates misunderstood questions (a) and 

(b) and merely gave instances. The object 
bf the question is to ascertain in what 
classes of cases that is a general rule to 
be followed.) 


Municipal Civil Service Commission. 

PATROLMAN. 

Date: October 24, 1912. 
GOVERNMENT AND DUTIES. 

Weight, 5. 

Ques. 1:—How would you, as Patrolman 
on beat, act in the following cases: (a) A 
citizens claims that persons without a per¬ 
mit are tearing up the street in front of his 
premises, (b) You discover a man, appar¬ 
ently in a stupor, lying in a vestibule, (c) 
A dog is run over and injured by a cart, 
(d) The neighbors of a manufacturer com¬ 
plain that he uses much soft coal. 

ANS.:—(a) Tearing up a street without 
a permit is a violation of a city ordinance 
which provides that no person shall incum¬ 
ber or obstruct any street, roadway or side¬ 
walk without having first obtained a writ¬ 
ten permit from the President of the Bor¬ 
ough. The penalty is a fine of five dollars. 
I would serve a summons on the person in 
charge of the gang. 

(b) I would make examination of the 
person to see if there were signs of vio¬ 
lence having been used, but even if he ap¬ 
peared to be drunk, I would then summons 
an ambulance, as it is not within the prov¬ 
ince of a Patrolman to decide whether a 
person is sick or drunk. If the ambulance 
surgeon decided that violence had been 
used, I would make a hurried investigation 
of the circumstances and at once notify the 
Lieutenant at the desk. If the Surgeon 
pronounced him intoxicated, I would tele¬ 
phone to the station house for a patrol 
wagon. I would try to establish the iden¬ 
tity of the person by papers in his pockets. 
I would then make an entry of all the facts 
in my Memo Book. 


(c) My action would depend upon how 
seriously the animal had been disabled. If 
the injury apparently was slight, I would 
telephone to the Society for the Preven¬ 
tion of Cruelty to Animals for medical 
treatment. If the animal seemed to be in 
great agony, under Sec. 186 of the P^nal 
Law, I would call two citizens for their 
judgment as to whether the animal should 
be shot. With their approval, I would then 
shoot the dog. I would then notify the 
Board of Health by phone to remove the 
dead body. Then I would enter all the 
facts in my Memo Book. 

(d) The use of soft coal to the detriment 
of health or annoyance of persons, is a vio¬ 
lation of a city ordinance. I would serve 
a summons on each person responsible. I 
would obtain the names of the complain¬ 
ing neighbors, and make entry of the facts 
in my Memo Book. 

Ques. 2:—Name the Department that has 
charge of: 

(a) Regulating wagon traffic on the busy 
streets and avenues of the city. 

(b) Keeping the aisles in theatres clear 
of people during a performance. 

(c) Removing garbage from residences. 

(d) Lighting the streets in New York 
City. 

(e) Taking from their homes persons who 
have diseases that are “catching.” 

ANS.:—(a) Police Department. 

(b) Fire Department. • 

(c) Street Cleaning Department. 

(d) Department of Water Supply, Gas 
and Electricity. 

(e) Health Department. 

Ques. 3:—For what purpose is each of 
the following institutions used: 

(a) House of Detention. 

(b) Ludlow Street Jail. 

(c) Tombs Prison. 

(d) Municipal Lodging House. 

ANS.:—-(a) For the detention of material 
witnesses in criminal cases. 

(b) For the custody of prisoners arrested 
as a result of civil proceedings and also for 
members of the National Guard as a punish¬ 
ment. 

(c) Used for the custody of prisoners 
awaiting trial on criminal charges, and also 
for Federal prisoners by the U. S. Govern¬ 
ment. 

(d) Used to shelter homeless people. 

Ques. 4:—If you saw an automobile in 
front of a house which was boarded up for 
the summer and a light in an upper win¬ 
dow at 2 A. M., what would you do? 

ANS.: The first thing I would do would 
be to rap for my side-partner, meanwhile 
keeping an eye on the front door and the 
automobile. When he came I would tell 
him to summon more aid, so that the rear 
of the house could be watched, also. Then 
I would rap at the front door. If I could 
not obtain admission, I would have my side- 
partner phone to the station house for in¬ 
structions. I would examine all outer en¬ 
trances to see if there were any marks of 
doors or windows having been forced 


16 



If the door were opened in response to 
my rapping, I would require the persons in¬ 
side to identify themselves, if they claimed 
to be the people living in the house, and ask 
them to explain the circumstances. If 
their manner were suspicious and they were 
unable to give a satisfactory account of 
themselves, or if any evidence of burglary 
were discovered, I would place them under 
arrest on charge of burglary. If they car¬ 
ried concealed weapons, 1^ would prefer an 
additional charge of carrying concealed 
weapons. 

If the occupants gave a satisfactory ex¬ 
planation, I would simply note the incident 
in my memo book, mentioning the names of 
the officers or citizens who assisted me. 

Ques. 5:—What would you do as patrol¬ 
man in each of the following cases: 

(a) A citizen runs up to you and says 
that his pocket was picked of $5 the day be¬ 
fore, and he points out a young man on the 
other side of the street and accuses him of 
the theft. 

(b) A woman on your beat complains 
that she and her two children are practically 
starving. She says that her husband earns 
$20 per week but gives her only two dol¬ 
lars a week to support herself and her chil¬ 
dren and that he spends the balance on 
drink. 

ANS.:—(a) I would arrest the accused 
person and have the complainant accompany 
me to the station house to make complaint. 

NOTE: It is a felony to steal from the 
person of another, and the Penal Law pro¬ 
vides that an officer may arrest a person be¬ 
lieved to have committed a felony, even 
though not committed in his presence. 

(b) I would inform her that her remedy 
was to apply to the Court of Domestic Rela¬ 
tions for relief. 

Ques. 0.—Suppose that, having arrested 
a citizen charged with larceny from the 
person, you should be on the way to the 
station house with the prisoner, and the 
complainant in the case should declare that 
he had made a false charge and ask you to 
release the prisoner, what would you do? 
Give your reasons. 

ANS.:—I would make the arrest notwith¬ 
standing the desire to withdraw the charge, 
and I would require the complainant to ac¬ 
company me to the station house. The of¬ 
fense charged being a felony, I could not 
take the responsibility of allowing the 
charge to be withdrawn. It frequently hap¬ 
pens that the ends of justice are defeated 
through complainants endeavoring to with¬ 
draw charges as the result of intimidation. 
A charge of felony should be disposed of by 
the courts. 

GOVERNMENT AND DUTIES. 

PATROLMAN. 

Date, August 1, 1911. 

Ques. 1:—With what official, bureau, de¬ 
partment. or society, will the Police De¬ 


partment be brought into contact in each 
of the following cases: (1) A dead body is 
taken from the river. (2) A destitute 
woman is found starving in the street. (3) 
A lost child unable to tell where it lives is 
picked up by a patrolman. (4) A gambling 
house is raided and arrests of gamblers are 
made. 

ANS.:—(1) The Coroner and the De¬ 
partment of Charities. (2) The Depart¬ 
ment of Charities. (3) If a child over the 
age of two, the Society for the Prevention 
of Cruelty to Children; if under the age of 
2, the Department of Charities. (4) Magis¬ 
trates’ Court. 

Ques. 2:—(a) What would you do if you 
were a patrolman and saw an accident be¬ 
tween an automobile and a street car in 
which several persons were injured? (b) 
What should a police officer do who saw 
flames issuing from the window of a tene¬ 
ment house in the night time? 

ANS.:—(a) I would first summons an 
ambulance to care for the injured. I would 
then take the following data about those 
concerned: Name, age, sex, nationality, 
residence or destination; approximate 
height and weight; whether married or 
single; sober or intoxicated; the date and 
precise place of the accident; the nature of 
the injury; full particulars, a general de¬ 
scription of the persons injured and to what 
hospital they were taken. I would take the 
names and addresses of all bystanders who 
had seen the accident and include same in 
my report to my commanding officer. If it 
were clearly an accident I would make no 
arrests, but under the provisions of a re¬ 
cent order, would hand a summons to the 
person or persons responsible, command¬ 
ing them to appear at a magistrates’ court. 
If the accident appeared to be deliberate 1 
would arrest the offender and take him to 
a Magistrates’ Court. 

(b) I would immediately rap my club on 
the sidewalk or blow my whistle for other 
policemen to turn in an alarm and then run 
into the building to arouse the tenants and 
vacate the building. I would then tele¬ 
phone to the Lieutenant at desk of my pre¬ 
cinct notifying him of the fire and request 
that reserves be sent. 

Ques. 3:—(a) Describe your course of 
action if you found a pushcart without an 
owner on the street while you were on duty 
as a patrolman, (b) Tell what you would 
do if you were on duty as a patrolman and 
saw a man trying to break into a store at 
night. Give full particulars. 

ANS.:—(a) I would make inquiry, with¬ 
out leaving my post, to learn if possible 
whether the owner was nearby. If I did 
not succeed in locating the owner, I would 
take the pushcart to the station house and 
state the facts to the Lieutenant, who would 
then make out an “owner wanted” report. 
I would enter the incident in my note 
book and write out a report. 


17 




(b) 1 would ask him what he was doing 
and unless he could give a satisfactory ex¬ 
planation I would place him under arrest. 1 
would feel his pockets from the outside to 
ascertain whether he had any concealed 
weapons, and if I could feel any I would 
reach in his pockets and take them out. If 
a door or window had been forced open, or 
a glass broken, I would rap for assistance. 
When the officer on the next post responded 
I would ask him to remain there on guard 
while 1 took the prisoner to the station 
house. At the station house I would pre¬ 
fer a charge of attempted burglary, if the 
circumstances warranted; if not, I would 
make a technical charge of being a suspi¬ 
cious person, so that he could be held pend¬ 
ing investigation. When I returned to my 
post I would endeavor to ascertain whether 
the owner of the store resided in the im¬ 
mediate vicinity. If he did, I would hunt 
him up and let him take charge of his 
store. If he did not live nearby I would 
nail up the door, in case it had been opened, 
or in some other way secure the place. I 
would keep a close eye on the place the 
rest of the time I was on post and report 
the facts to the officer relieving me so that 
he could do the same. If the man ex¬ 
plained that he was the proprietor, or some¬ 
thing like that, and could not get in for 
lack of a key, I would not accept the ex¬ 
planation unless he could prove it very 
conclusively. In either case I would report 
the occurrence. 

Ques. 4:—(a) If a citizen comes to you 
when you are on post and states that his 
employers refuse to pay him his wages and 
asks what to do to get his money, what 
advice would you give him? (b) A citi¬ 
zen comes to you and says he has been 
struck by a man who is standing on the 
opposite corner. What would you do in 
the case and what advice would you give 
the citizen? 

ANS.:—(a) I would advise him to sue 
his employers for his wages. If the person 
could not afford to pay a fee to a lawyer, I 
would advise him to see the Legal Aid So¬ 
ciety, 239 Broadway. 

(b) I would tell him that the alleged 
offense being only a misdemeanor and not 
having been committed in my presence I 
could not make the arrest, but that every 
citizen has the right to make arrests for 
the disturbance of peace, and if he would 
make the arrest I would take the prisoner 
in charge and conduct him to the station 
house, provided that the accuser accom¬ 
panied me and would make complaint. If 
he did not choose to make the arrest as 
suggested and insisted on wanting satisfac¬ 
tion, I would advise him to go to a magis¬ 
trate and apply for a warrant for the arrest 
of the offender. 

Ques. 5:—To what official would you di¬ 
rect a citizen to get a permit to (a) sell 
milk, (b) carry a pistol, (c) sell liquor, (d) 
keep a bootblack stand? 

ANS.:—(a) Division of Milk Inspection, 


Department of Health; (b) to the Captain 
of the district where the person resides or 
does business; (c) State Excise Depart¬ 
ment; (d) Bureau of Licenses. 

Ques. 6:—Name the office to which you 
would direct a citizen who asked you for the 
following information; (a) a permit to open 
a slaughter-house; (b) to get a newsboy’s 
license; (c) to pay a water bill; (d) to get a 
marriage license. 

ANS.:—(a) Division of Meat Inspection, 
Department of Health; (b) to the District 
Superintendent of Schools; (c) Water Reg¬ 
ister, Department of Water Supply, Gas and 
Electricity; (d) Marriage License Bureau. 

Ques. 7:—Specify two duties that belong 
to each of the following: (a) The Police 
Department; (b) Fire Department; (c) 
Board of Health; (d) Board of Aldermen; 
(e) Department of Charities. 

ANS.:—To preserve the peace by en¬ 
forcing laws and ordinances, a violation of 
which would be a disturbance of the peace 
or a nuisance. To regulate traffic in the 
public streets, (b) To extinguish fires in 
the City of New York. To inspect prem¬ 
ises where explosives are stored, kept or 
sold, with a view to making proper pro¬ 
visions for the safety of persons in such 
buildings and surrounding buildings and 
property, (c) To prevent epidemics. To 
inspect the milk, meat, fish, vegetables, etc., 
with a view to safeguarding the health of 
the people, (d) To pass ordinances for the 
local government of the city. To appro-' 
priate money with which to carry on the 
government of the city, (e) To make 
proper provision for the care of the desti¬ 
tute, sick and indigent of the city. To 
make proper disposal of the bodies of 
paupers and others whose bodies are un¬ 
claimed. 


GOVERNMENT AND DUTIES. 

PATROLMAN. 

Date, January 24, 1908. 

Ques. 1:—State one way in which the 
National Government, the State Govern¬ 
ment and the City Government are each 
concerned in the sale of liquors at retail. 

ANS.:—The National Government grants 
United States Internal Revenue licenses 
for the sale of distilled or fermented spirits, 
wines or malt liquors. The State Govern¬ 
ment grants liquor tax certificates permit¬ 
ting the traffic in liquors during certain 
hours. The City Government enforces the 
provisions of the Liquor Tax Law. 

Ques. .2:—To what official or department 
of the city government should a person ap¬ 
ply to obtain a permit or license for each 

un the /J ollowlng ; (a > To hold a masked 
nail; (b) to conduct a pawnbroking busi¬ 
ness; (c) to conduct a poultry slaughter- 

18 



house; (d) to hold religious services in the 
public streets? 

ANS.:—(a) The Police Commissioner, 
(b) The Mayor, (c) The Department of 
Health, (d) The Mayor, the Police Com¬ 
missioner, or any Alderman, provided that 
when an Alderman issues the permit it must 
be countersigned by an Alderman of the 
district in which such services are to be 
held. 

Ques. B:—Name the court which disposes 
of each of the following cases: Burglary, 
counterfeiting, desertion from the army, 
homicide, petit larceny. 

ANS.:—The Court of General Sessions, 
the United States Court, Military Court 
(Court Martial), the Court of General Ses¬ 
sions, the Court of Special Sessions. 

Ques. 4:—What is the legislative body 
called in the Federal Government? In 
what State Government? In the Municipal 
Government? 

ANS.:—Congress. The Legislature of the 
State of New York. The Board of Aider- 
men. 

Ques. 5:—Specify one, at least, of the 
duties of Police Commissioner, District At¬ 
torney, Coroner, Register, Corporation 
Counsel. 

ANS.:—To see that the laws of the State 
and the ordinances of the city are enforced. 
To prosecute persons arrested for crime 
committed in his county. To hold inquests 
in all cases -of accidental or suspicious 
deaths, or where a person has died without 
medical attendance. To keep records of all 
deeds, titles, mortgages, etc. To act as 
legal adviser to the Mayor and heads of the 
City Government. 


GOVERNMENT. 

PATROLMAN. 

Date, January 23, 1908. 

Ques. 1:—From whom must a person ob¬ 
tain a license to manufacture cigars; to 
compound physicians’ prescriptions; to run 
an express wagon? 

ANS.:—United States Internal Revenue 
Office. 

State Board of Pharmacy. 

Bureau of Licenses. 

Ques. 2:—What officer, department or 
commission has control of the manufacture 
of gas; removal of garbage; disinfection of 
residences; laying out of new subways; de¬ 
tention of immigrants? 

ANS.:—Department of Water Supply, 
Gas and Electricity. 

Street Cleaning Department. 

Department of Health. 

Public Service Commission. 

Commission of Immigration. 


Ques. 3:—In what court would the fol¬ 
lowing be tried: A dispossess case; a di¬ 
vorce case; a case of drunkenness; a case 
involving the theft of ten dollars; a burg¬ 
lary case? 

ANS.:—Municipal District Court. 
Supreme Court. 

City Magistrates’ Court. 

Special Sessions. 

General Sessions. 

Ques. 4:—What is the difference between 
a primary election and a general election? 
When is each generally held? 

ANS.:—A primary election is an election 
by the members of a party duly convened to 
elect delegates to a convention, or of party 
committeemen, or upon any question sub¬ 
mitted to the vote of a party. 

A general election is held for the election 
of Federal, State, County and City officers. 

Primary elections are held as follows: In 
Presidential years, on the tenth Tuesday 
before the day of general election. In 
other years, on the seventh Tuesday before 
the day of the general election. 

Gneral elections in the State of New 
York are always held on the first Tuesday 
following the first Monday in the month of 
November of each year. 

Ques. 5:—What kind of a public officer 
is a coroner? Briefly, what are his duties 
and how is he chosen? 

ANS.:—A County officer. His duties are 
to investigate and hold an inquest over 
every case of accidental death or where a 
person dies without medical attendapce and 
to cause the arrest of the person responsi¬ 
ble for such death, if such death was caused 
by negligence or foul means. He must also 
take ante-mortem statements in cases of 
fatal injuries so, in case of death, he may 
be able to ascertain the cause of death and 
the person responsible therefor. The Cor¬ 
oner is elected by the people for a term of 
four years. 


GOVERNMENT. 

PATROLMAN. 

Date, January 22, 1908. 

Ques. 1:—Name two courts in the county 
in which you live that deal entirely with 
criminal cases, and two that deal with civil 
cases, explaining at the same time what you 
mean by civil and what by criminal cases. 

ANS.:—Criminal cases: The Court of 
General Sessions and the Court of Special 
Sessions. Civil cases: The City Court and 
the Municipal District Court. Civil cases 
are cases where a person is tried for the 
neglect to pay a just debt or for carelessly 
injuring another in person or reputation, or 
injures the property of another. Criminal 
cases are cases where a person is tried for 
an act or omission forbidden by law. 


19 




Ques, 2:—Does the City of New York, 
the County of New York, the State of New 
York, or the United States Government con¬ 
trol the following offices: (a) Register’s 
Office; (b) Postoffice; (c) Board of Exam¬ 
ining Plumbers; (d) Excise Department; 
(e) Public Service Commission? 

ANS.:— 

(a) County of New York; 

(b) United States Government; 

(c) City of New York; 

(d) State of New York; 

(e) State of New York. 

Ques. 3:—Name three different classes of 
persons in addition to the regular members 
of the Police Department who may make 
arrests in New York City, stating in each 
case the conditions under which such arrest 
may be made. 

ANS.:—Special patrolmen, who while act¬ 
ing in such capacity have the same powers 
as regular patrolmen. Officers of the 
American Society for the Prevention of 
Cruelty to Animals, who while employed by 
such society are empowered to arrest for 
any act of cruelty to an animal. A private 
citizen has the power to arrest a person 
for a crime committed or attempted in his 
presence or when the person arrested has 
committed a felony, although not in his 
presence. 

Ques. 4:—What government (City, State 
or National) pays for the erection of: A 
custom house in Manhattan? An armory in 
The Bronx? A Brooklyn High School? 
The Blackwell’s Island Bridge? A prison 
ac Sing Sing (Ossining)? 

ANS.:—Federal government; State gov¬ 
ernment; City government; City govern¬ 
ment; State government. 

Ques. 5:—What is meant by an ordi¬ 
nance? 

ANS.:—An ordinance is a regulation 
adopted by the Board of Aldermen and ap¬ 
proved by the Mayor. 


GOVERNMENT. 

PATROLMAN. 

Date, September 12, 1906. 

Ques. 1:—By which government, Federal, 
State or Municipal, are the following 
granted: (a) License to open an intelli¬ 
gence office; (b) license to act as pilot on 
the waters surrounding New York; (c) 
license to open a bar in a hotel? 

ANS.:— 

(a) Municipal Government. 

(b) State Government. 

(c) State Government. 

Ques. 2:—Give an instance of some mat¬ 
ter controlled by (a) the City Government; 
(b) by the State; (c) by the United States. 

ANS.:— 

(a) The streets, avenues and highways 
within the limits of the city. 


(b) The granting of liquor tax licenses. 

(c) The enforcement of the laws relating 
to Customs and Immigration. 

Ques. 3:—State briefly the duties of the 
following officers: Sheriff, Corporation 
Counsel, Commissioner of Excise, United 
States Marshal and City Chamberlain. 

ANS.:—To enforce law and order in this 
county, and to execute mandates of the 

courts. , . 

To act as legal adviser to the Mayor and 
ci y officers of the City of New York. 

To issue liquor tax certificates and see 
that the provisions of the liquor tax law are 
enforced in the State of New York. 

To execute the mandates of the United 
States Courts. 

To receive all moneys paid into the city 
tieasury and deposit same in the bank, and 
pay out money on warrants presented for 
all legal debts of the City, of New York. 

Ques. 4:—What is the length of the term 
of each of the following officials, and in 
what city does the governmental body with 
which each is connected meet: A New York 
Congressman; a New York Assemblyman; 
a New York Alderman; the Vice-President 
of the United States; the Chief Justice of 
the United States Supreme Court? 

ANS.:—Two years, Washington. 

One year, Albany. 

Two years, New York City. 

Four years, Washington. 

Life, Washington. 

Ques. 5:—Name four city departments 
which would be called upon in the following 
cases, briefly describing the duties of each: 
A fire breaks out in a building and burns 
it completely to the ground, leaving only the 
walls standing. During the fire several per¬ 
sons were burned to death. 

ANS.:—The Fire Department to extin¬ 
guish the fire and save life and property. 

The Police Department to preserve order, 
see that the members of the Fire Depart¬ 
ment have room to work and assist in the 
saving of life and property. 

The Building Department to shore up or 
throw down the walls so as to make them 
safe. 

The Department of Health to provide 
wagons for the removal of the dead. 

Ques. 6:—Who investigates the case of 
a murderer between the time of his arrest 
and the time he is sentenced? 

ANS.:—The District Attorney, with the 
assistance of the police. 


GOVERNMENT. 

PATROLMAN. 

Date, June 28, 1905. 

Ques. 1:—Which department of the city 
government is responsible for the following: 
(a) Removal of dead animals from the 
street; (b) inspection of steam boilers; (c) 

20 







storage of explosives; (d) removal of un¬ 
harnessed cart left in the street ? 

ANS.:— 

(a) Health Department. 

(b) Police Department. 

(c) Fire Department (Bureau of Munici¬ 
pal Explosives). 

(d) Bureau of Incumbrances. 

* 1 

Ques. 2:—(a) What is meant by the term 
County Officer” as distinguished from 
“City Officer”? (b) Name three county 
officers and describe briefly the duties of 
each. 

ANS.:— _ 

(a) A city officer has authority in all 
parts of the city, while a county officer has 
authority only in such parts of the city as 
is included within the boundaries of his 
county. 

(b) District Attorney, whose duty it is to 
prosecute all persons arrested for crime 
committed within his county and to inves¬ 
tigate complaints received and present the 
evidence in criminal cases to the Grand 
Jury and the various criminal courts for 
their action. 

The Coroner, whose duty it is to hold in¬ 
quests in all cases where death occurs under 
suspicious circumstances or where a person 
dies without medical attendance; in cases of 
death under suspicious circumstances he 
may issue a warrant for the arrest of the 
person whom his jury holds responsible for 
such death; in cases of fatal injuries he 
must take ante-mortem statements and such 
other action as may lead to the arrest of the 
person or persons responsible therefor. 

The Sheriff, whose duty it is to enforce 
the laws and preserve the peace in his 
county; when a prisoner is sentenced to a 
state prison or other penal institution, ex¬ 
cept in a county jail, it is the duty of the 
sheriff to deliver a copy of the judgment of 
the court with the body of the defendant to 
the keeper of the prison in which the de¬ 
fendant is to be imprisoned. 

Ques. 3:—Does the city or do private 
parties own the gas works in this city? 
Which owns the water works? What is 
meant by granting a franchise to a com¬ 
pany? What is meant by the city’s issued 
bonds? 

ANS.:—Private corporations. 

The city owns the water works. 

Granting a franchise to a company is the 
giving to them of certain rights and privi¬ 
leges to use certain streets, avenues, waters, 
parkways or highways for a stated purpose. 

The city’s issued bonds is corporate stock 
issued by the city to pay for public im¬ 
provements, payment for which is subse¬ 
quently to be collected from property 
owners benefited by such improvements, 
for the redemption and payment of which 
the faith and credit of the City of New 
York is pledged. 

Ques. 4:—What official of New York City 
appoints (a) Fire Commissioner; (b) 
County Detective; (c) Superintendent of 
Buildings; (d) Receiver of Taxes; (e) Pa¬ 
trolman? 


ANS.:— 

(a) The Mayor. 

(b) The District Attorney. 

(c) The President of the Borough. 

(d) The Comptroller. 

(e) The Police Commissioner. 

Ques. 5:—Name three bureaus under the 
jurisdiction of a Borough President and 
briefly describe the work done by each 
bureau. 

ANS.:—The Department of Buildings, 
whose duty is to enforce the rules, regula¬ 
tions and laws relative to the construction, 
alteration and removal of buildings erected 
or to be erected. 

The Department of Sewers, who super¬ 
vise the construction, alteration and repair 
of sewers and waterways. 

The Department of Highways, who su¬ 
pervise the construction and repairs of all 
roads in all streets, avenues and highways. 


GOVERNMENT. 

PATROLMAN. 

Date, June 1, 1905. 

Ques. 1:—Name the two purposes for 
which courts exist, and mention two courts 
in this city, one belonging to each class. 

ANS.:—Courts exist for two purposes: 
first, for the adjudication of criminal cases: 
and second, for the adjudication of civil 
cases. Criminal cases: The City Magis¬ 
trates’ Court, and Civil cases, the Municipal 
courts. 

Ques. 2:—What two officials would have 
the opportunity to veto a bill passed by the 
Legislature abolishing the New York City 
Board of Aldermen? To which of these 
officials would the measure first have been 
presented for his action? If he vetoed it, 
how could his veto have been overcome? 
How could the veto of the other official 
have been overcome? 

ANS.:—The Governor and the Mayor. 
The Mayor would receive the bill first for 
his action. If he vetoed it, it would have to 
be sent back to the Legislature and passed 
by a two-thirds vote and be signed by the 
Governor. If such bill was vetoed by the 
Governor, the bill must be returned to the 
Legislature and it would take a two-thirds 
vote of the Legislature to pass it over the 
Governor’s veto. 

Ques. 3:—State, in your own language, 
what you understand to be the meaning of 
the following: (a) Levying a tax; (b) 
granting a franchise; (c) making an appro¬ 
priation; (d) revising a statute; (e) issuing 
bonds for a loan. 

ANS.:— 

(a) Levying a tax is the assessment of a 
sum of money to meet the expenses of con¬ 
ducting the government of a county or 
state. 

(b) Granting a franchise is the giving to 
a person or corporation certain rights to 


21 



use certain streets, avenues, waters, park¬ 
ways or highways for a stated purpose. 

(c) Making an appropriation is the grant¬ 
ing by the Board of Estimate and Appor¬ 
tionment of a certain sum of money to meet 
the just debts and obligations of the city 
and for which the city is liable. 

(d) Revising a statute is the amending of 
a law of this state, which must be done by 
the Legislature of this state with the ap¬ 
proval of the Governor. 

(e) Issuing bonds for a loan. Bonds are 
issued by the Comptroller when authorized 
by the Board of Estimate and Apportion¬ 
ment to provide money to pay the neces¬ 
sary expenses incurred in making legal city 
improvements, the expense of which is to 
be collected by assessment from owners of 
property who benefit by said work. 

Ques. 4:—What are the qualifications 
necessary to enable you to vote in the City 
of New York? 

ANS.:—A person to vote in the City of 
New York must be a citizen of the United 
States, 21 years of age or over; a resident 
of the State of New York for one year or 
more; a resident of the county for four 
months or more, and a resident of the 
election district for thirty days or more 
prior to the day of election. 

Ques. 5:—Name the branch bureau or de¬ 
partment of the city government which has 
control of each of the following: (a) Pub¬ 
lic Markets; (b) Recreation Piers; (c) 
Street Lamps; (d) Fire escapes on dwell¬ 
ing houses; (e) Truant children. 

ANS.:— 

(a) Finance Department. 

(b) Dock Department. 

(c) Department of Water Supply, Gas 
and Electricity. 

(d) Building Department. 

(e) Department of Education. 


SPECIAL PAPER. 

PATROLMAN-ON-AQUEDUCT. 

•Date, June 13, 1911. 

Ques. 1:—Give a brief account of how 
you would act as a Patrolman-on-Aqueduct 
if you arrested a man on suspicion of hav¬ 
ing committed a burglary. 

ANS.:—I would arrest him and take 
away any concealed weapons that might 
be found on him. I would then take him 
to the station house, keeping close watch on 
the way to see that he did not throw away 
anything. At the station house I would 
prefer a charge of burglary against him 
and there search him for any evidence that 
might be found on his person. I would 
communicate with the person robbed, 
ascertaining . all necessary facts and the 
names of witnesses, if possible. I would 
endeavor to ascertain where the alleged 
burglar was at the time the burglary was 
committed and obtain all possible evidence 
on which to convict him. 

22 


Ques. 2:—Specify the punishment pre¬ 
scribed by law for persons who are found 
guilty of (a) highway robbery; (b) selling 
liquor without a license; (c) chicken steal¬ 
ing; (d) kidnapping; (e) blackmail. 

ANS.:—(a) If the person found guilty ot 
highway robbery was armed with a danger¬ 
ous weapon or aided by an accomplice, or 
if he assaulted the person robbed, he would 
be guilty of robbery in the first degree, 
which is punishable by 20 years in state 
prison. If the offender used violence or 
put the person robbed in immediate danger 
of bodily injury, the penalty is 15 years 
imprisonment in State prison. 

(b) The penalty for selling liquor with¬ 
out a license is a fine from $200 to $1,000 
and a year’s imprisonment. 

(c) Chicken stealing is petty larceny, 
which is a misdemeanor and punishable by 
$500 fine or one year’s imprisonment. 

(d) The penalty for kidnapping is not 

less than 5 years nor more than 50 years in 
a State prison. , 

(e) Blackmail is punishable by five years 
imprisonment. 

Ques. 3:—(a) State in a general way, 
when it becomes necessary for a policeman 
to obtain a warrant before making an 
arrest, (b) Give two cases where an officer 
would be justified in making an arrest with¬ 
out a warrant. 

ANS.:—A policeman must obtain a war¬ 
rant in cases of misdemeanors or attempted 
misdemeanors not committed in his pres¬ 
ence. He would be justified in making an 
airest without a warrant: (a) For any 
crime committed or attempted in his pres¬ 
ence; (b) if the crime is a felony, whether 
committed in his presence or not, and even 
if the officer has only a reasonable belief 
that the person committed the felony. 

Ques. 4:—Explain the manner in which 
your horse should be treated (a) before 
going out on regular duty and after re¬ 
turning from same; (b) if you have ridden 
him on a long and rapid chase after an 
escaped prisoner; (c) if you were obliged 
to leave him for a brief period on a stormy 
winter’s night; (d) if the horse needed 
watering when heated, as the result of 
severe exercise. 

ANS.:—(By a high authority in the New 
York Police Department):—(a) Before 
going out on patrol duty I would thorough¬ 
ly groom the horse with a brush, taking 
care to clean every part of his body. I 
would then see that the saddle was prop¬ 
erly adjusted so that it fitted exactly in the 
back of the horse. I would examine his 
hoofs and feet, noting their condition. After 
returning from patrol duty, I would rub 
down the feet of the horse, removing all 
dust, dirt, etc., that may have accumulated 
during the tour of patrol. I would then 
examine his feet and hoofs to see whether 
any nails, pebbles, etc., were stuck in his 
hoofs. If there were any such I would im¬ 
mediately remove them. I would then look 
to see if the shoes were in good condition. 

I would then remove the bridle and saddle, 



and the horse would be ready for his night’s 
rest. I would water him before and after 
patrol, provided that the animal was not 
sweated. 


(b) After a long and rapid chase I would 
dismount and lead the horse, walking him 
around and taking care that he was not 
subjected to any drafts. I would walk him 
around in this manner until he was suffi¬ 
ciently cooled off to stand any wind or 
draft. 

(c) If I were obliged to leave him for a 
brief period on a winter’s night or if a 
blanket were not handy, I would do the 
next best thing, that is, place him where 
shelter from the wind would be afforded. 

(d) I would not water my horse when 
he was heated, as the horse, like a human 
being, would be liable to become sick. I 
would walk him around until he cooled off 
sufficiently so that he could drink water in 
moderate quantities. I would not give him 
too much at once, but little water at inter¬ 
vals. If he was distressed I would sponge 
his mouth besides walking him. 


Ques. 5:—You have reason to believe that 
certain laborers in the employment of the 
Board of Water Supply endeavor to make 
money by selling to farmers and other 
citizens spades, shovels, etc., the property 
of the City of New York. State what you 
would do in a case like this. 

ANS.:—If I were sure that the articles in 
question were the property of the City of 
New York, I would arrest both the buyer 
and seller. I would bring the articles as 
evidence. I would endeavor to procure wit¬ 
nesses who have seen the transactions or 
who were in any way cognizant of them. I 
would then make out a report, stating 
the facts in full. 


Ques. 6:—Describe the duties of an Aque¬ 
duct Patrolman in regard to (a) the people 
in the locality in which he is on duty; (b) 
springs and running water; (c) public prop¬ 
erty; (d) private property. 

ANS.:—(a) It is the dutv of an Aqueduct 
Patrolman to guard the life and property 
of the locality in which he is on duty and 
to take all precautions that no thefts occur, 
(b) It is the duty of an Aqueduct Patrol¬ 
man to see that springs and running water 
are not contaminated in any way; that no 
privies, etc., are located near the springs; 
that laborers do not wash their clothes in 
the water, etc. (c) It is his duty to guard 
public property, to see that it is not injured 
or damaged in any way. (d) He must also 
guard private property, seeing that all 
doors, ets., of houses are closed, and take 


crowd, ordering each man to go in a differ¬ 
ent direction. I would then keep a close 
watch as to where they went and would 
prevent them from meeting again. If the 
crowd gathered again and another attempt 
was made to start a fight, I would then ar¬ 
rest all the persons concerned. In the 
meanwhile I would notify the Sheriff of 
the County that there was danger of trouble 
between citizens and employes of the Aque¬ 
duct. 

Ques. 8:—You arrest two laborers at 
night as they are coming out of a dwelling 
house with bundles, the residents being 
temporarily absent. Both of the men at¬ 
tempt to escape, and one of them succeeds 
in getting away. Write to your command¬ 
ing officer a report covering about one page 
and briefly describing the facts in the case. 
ANSWER:— 


June 13, 1911. 


Commanding Officer. 

t 

Sir: I have the honor to respectfully 
submit the following report concerning 
robbery which occurred at the residence of 
James Kenney, 25 Clinton road, at 2 o’clock 
this morning. 

While patroling my district I passed the 
residence of James Kenney, and noticed 
that the planks in the window had been re¬ 
moved and that the front door was partly 
opened. I had learned from neighbors sev¬ 
eral weeks ago that Mr. Kenney was out 
of town and would not return until Sep¬ 
tember. I immediately dismounted and 
proceeded to investigate. As I was about 
to enter the door two men, evidently la¬ 
borers employed on the Aqueduct, were com¬ 
ing out with bundles in their hands. I im¬ 
mediately made effort to arrest them, but 
in the struggle one succeeded in escaping. 
The prisoner I captured is Giovanni Car- 
antelli, aged 45, and employed as a laborer 
in the Southern Division of the Aqueduct. 
Carantelli refused to disclose the name and 
whereabouts of his accomplice. I have tak¬ 
en into custody the bundle which he carried 
in his hand. 

Respectfully submitted, 

Aqueduct Patrolman No. 465. 


SPECIAL PAPER. 

PATROLMAN-ON-AQUEDUCT. 

Date, March 28, 1909. 


proper precaution against theft, etc. 

Oues. 7:—When on duty as an Aqueduct 
Patrolman you come upon a group com¬ 
posed of laborers and local citizens who are 
engaged in quarreling. Some of the men 
have knives in their hands, and there is 
evidently great danger of a stabbing affray. 
Describe what course of action you would 
take under such circumstances. 

ANS.:—I would immediately disperse the 


Ques. 1:—Suppose you were detailed to 
investigate and put an end to a series of 
small robberies perpetuated on farmers in 
the Aqueduct region. State just what you 
would do, and give your reasons for your 
actions. 

ANS.:—Small robberies committed on 
farmers are usually done by tramps. In 
the Aqueduct region they might likely also 
be committed by laborers on the Aque- 


23 



duct. I would first question the farmers 
as to the nature of the articles stolen, ask 
them whether they had any clue to the 
identity of the robbers, and ascertain at 
what hours of the day or night the robber¬ 
ies had been committed. If the robberies 
occurred nightly at a given farm, I would 
watch that farm all night. 

In the absence of any definite clue I 
would first go to the nearest camp of Aque¬ 
duct laborers and question the foreman in 
charge and the watchman regarding the 
habits of the men at night, and endeavor 
to ascertain whether certain men were in 
the habit of leaving the camp at night, and 
possibly returning early in the morning. If 
I could learn of such men I would endeavor 
to obtain evidence by glancing into their 
tents or lodgings, if I could do so without 
necessitating the forcing of an entrance. 
If I could not obtain the evidence in this 
way, and had sufficient ground for believing 
that the evidence were obtainable if I could 
search the premises I would apply to the 
nearest magistrate for a search warrant. 

If this failed, I would watch the camp at 
night, to see for myself whether I could see 
any laborers leaving the camp; and, if 
so, I would follow them. If I caught them 
engaged in a robbery, I would arrest them 
and take them before the nearest magis¬ 
trate if during the hours of court; if not, I 
would take them to the police station. 

In case I could not connect the Aqueduct 
laborers with the robberies I would turn 
my attention to tramps. I would arrest all 
tramps in the neighborhood, bring them to 
the police station, and thoroughly question 
them relative to their movements during the 
time of the alleged robberies. If I found 
that they had been in the neighborhood of 
a place where a robbery had been commit¬ 
ted I would arrest them on suspicion, ar¬ 
raign them before the nearest magistrate, 
explaining the case and requesting that they 
be detained until I could investigate their 
statements and get evidence, if possible, of 
their positive or presumed guilt. In any 
case, they could be held on the charge of 
being tramps. 

Ques. 2:—Name two misdemeanors and 
two felonies. 

ANS.:—Misdemeanors: 1, malicious mis¬ 
chief; 2, petit larceny. Felonies: 1, arson; 
2, attempted burglary. 

Ques. 3:—You enter a laborer’s hut on 
Sunday and find the occupant or owner sell¬ 
ing liquor to a number of Italians. State 
precisely how you would act under such cir¬ 
cumstances. 

ANS.:—Section 8 of the Liquor Tax Law 
in substance provides that no person shall 
be permitted to sell liquor in this State 
without first having obtained a Liquor Tax 
Certificate, and, except in the case of hotels 
under certain restrictions, shall not be per¬ 
mitted to sell liquor on Sunday. If upon 
investigation it was discovered that the 
owner or occupant of the hut had a Liquor 
Tax Certificate, I would make affidavit set¬ 


ting forth the facts of the violation, to be 
forwarded through official channels in the 
State Excise Commissioner for action, it 
I found that he had no license to sell liquor, 
I should immediately arrest him and charge 
him with violation of that part of the Excise 
Law which provides that liquor sold with¬ 
out authority is contraband and shaU^ be 




Ques. 4:—Supposing that you had been 
sent to get the facts regarding a stabbing 
affray in a camp of laborers on the Aque¬ 
duct. Draw up a report covering about a 
page, giving the result of your investiga¬ 
tion (Assume such additional facts as you 
please and do not sign this report.) . 

ANS •—(Note: A report of this kind 
should be not less than 125 words, and there 
is no objection to its being severa hundred 
words long. All the facts should be con¬ 
cisely stated and no details of hour, place, 
names, etc., omitted. Repetitions should be 
avoided. See chapters on Letter Writing 
and Penmanship in the Chronicle s book, 


Clerk.”) 

“I arrived at camp No. 10 at 11 P. M., 
March 15, and found that Antonio Succi, 
age 38, had been stabbed by Giovanni Mar- 
cini, age 32, about a half hour previous. 
Both men had been drinking. Succi has 
received three stab wounds, inflicted with 
a stiletto. Two were slight, but one in the 
throat was serious. Marcini had received a 
long gash in the right leg, inflicted with a 
pocket knife. His wound was not serious. . 
After the fray he had fled by the north 
road. I found him about two miles away, 
with the stiletto still in his possession. I 
brought him before Succi, who refused to 
identify him, but Paola Lupo and Pasquale 
Martucci, both laborers at the camp, said 
they witnessed the affair, and that he did 
the stabbing of Succi. Succi’s knife could 
not be found. I placed Succi, who was in 
the care of Dr. Robertson, the camp physi¬ 
cian, under arrest, but did not attempt to 
remove him, as the physician said his con¬ 
dition was serious. I also detained Lupo 
and Martucci as witnesses. Justice of Peace 
Anderson at New Paltz held Marcini with¬ 
out bail to await the result of Succi’s in¬ 
juries. He paroled the two witnesses in the 
custody of Edward Johnson, a foreman in 
the camp.” 


Ques. 5:—If as a result of this examina¬ 
tion you are appointed a police officer on 
the Aqueduct, name three ways in which 
your connection with the department might 
be severed. 

ANS.:—(1) The Board of Water Supply 
has the power to remove me on charges. 
(2) The Sheriff of any of the counties 
through which the Aqueduct passes has the 
power to revoke my certificate of appoint¬ 
ment for any act of mine performed in his 
county disapproved by him. (3) If I ab¬ 
sented myself from duty for five days with¬ 
out' leave it would, under the rules, count 
against me as a resignation. 


Ques. 6:-—Name three conditions which, 
m your opinion, justify a policeman of the 
Board of Water Supply in discharging his 
pistol. 

ANS.:—(1) In self-defense against a 
murderous assault. (2) To retake an es¬ 
caping prisoner. (3) To shoot a mad dog. 

Ques. 7:—What are the advantages of 
motors over horses for Aqueduct Patrol¬ 
men? What are the disadvantages of each? 

ANS.:—One advantage of a motor is that, 
on good roads, it is more speedy than a 
horse. Another is that it is more reliable. 
Although a motor is subject to accidents, 
these can usually be provided against by 
carrying the proper supplies and tools. A 
horse can die or become sick suddenly, and 
is more liable to become permanently help¬ 
less than a motor. The disadvantages of a 
motor are that in an unsettled part of the 
country it is difficult to obtain a supply of 
electricity or gasoline for recharging; in 
winter a motor machine is liable to get 
stuck in the snow; it is more expensive to 
maintain than a horse. 

The advantages in favor of a horse are: 
It can travel over unbeaten parts; it does 
not require mechanical training to care for 
it, and if it is properly fed and taken care 
of it is subject to less minor accidents than 
a motor; it is less expensive to maintain 
and easier to house; it is less conspicuous 
for police duty; it can go without feed 
longer than a motor can go without fuel; 
by its intelligence it can assist in stopping 
runaways, etc.; horses have frequently 
saved human lives. 

Ques. 8:—(a) Would you arrest a man 
whom you met on the highway carrying a 
rifle on his shoulder? (b) Would you ar¬ 
rest a man who carried a revolver con¬ 
cealed in his right hip pocket? Give your 
reason in full. 

ANS.:—(a) If he were peaceable he 
• should not be arrested, as the Constitution 
of the United States provides that all citi¬ 
zens may bear arms and side arms, (b) 
Yes, unless he had a permit, on the ground 
that he was violating the Penal Law, which 
provides that no person shall carry con¬ 
cealed weapons without first having ob¬ 
tained a permit issued either by a Magis¬ 
trate or a Police Commissioner. 


SPECIAL PAPER. 

PATROLMAN-ON-AQUEDUCT. 

March 30, 1908. 

Ques. 1:—A property owner points out 
two employees of the Board of Water Sup¬ 
ply and accuses them of having torn down 
a section of his fence and used it for fire¬ 
wood. What should be done in the matter? 

ANS.:—If the owner of the property de¬ 
sires their arrest, the employees should be 
arrested on the charge of malicious mis¬ 
chief. If the owner requests compensation 
for damages, the Board of Water Supply 


should be notified “through official chan¬ 
nels.” A report should be made in any case. 

Ques. 2:—Which of the following crimes 
are misdemeanors and which are felonies? 

(a) Setting fire to a dwelling house. 

(b) Trespassing on an apple orchard. 

(c) Being intoxicated and resisting ar¬ 
rest. 

(d) Stealing a team of horses. 

ANS.:— 

(a) Felony. 

(b) Misdemeanor. 

(c) Misdemeanor. 

(d) Felony. 

Ques. 3:—What would you do if you sus¬ 
pected that gambling was carried on in a 
building on your post frequented by foreign 
laborers and used for the sale of intoxi¬ 
cating liquor? 

ANS.:—After having obtained presump¬ 
tive evidence of excise violation, I would 
notify the Commissioner of Excise. In the 
meantime I would endeavor to obtain evi¬ 
dence. If successful I would raid the place, 
charging violation of the Gambling section 
of the Penal Law. If, while making the 
raid, I discovered evidence of excise viola¬ 
tion, I would prefer an additional charge of 
violation of the excise law. 

Ques. 4:—Say you witnessed a fight over 
a money matter between Jackson and Har¬ 
ris, both employees of the Department, in 
which Harris is stabbed twice. Write a 
report of about a page to your superior 
officer giving all the necessary details, in¬ 
cluding your own part in the matter. DO 
NOT SIGN YOUR NAME. 

ANS.:— 

Inspector Douglas I. McKay, 

Kingston, N. Y. 

Sir: 

On Monday, March 15, 1908, at 10 A. M., 
while patroling my post at Camp 10, I saw 
a fight in the camp. I found that two 
clerks of the Department of Water Supply, 
Edward Jackson, white, age 23, U. S. Clerk, 
of 100 Warburton Avenue, Yonkers, and 
Charles Harris, white, age 26, U. S. Clerk, 
of 11 Delancey Street, New York, were 
fighting over the ownership of an open- 
face, nickel-plated watch. Before I ar¬ 
rived and stopped the fight Harris had re¬ 
ceived two stab wounds. One was a deep 
cut in the wrist of the left arm and the 
other was a long gash in the right breast. 
Harris had, according to witnesses, knocked 
Jackson down and was striking him when 
Jackson drew a pocket knife and inflicted 
the two wounds. I did not see the stab¬ 
bing, but took the names of two witnesses, 
both laborers in the camp: Olaf Anderson, 
26 Warburton Avenue, Yonkers, and An¬ 
tonio Garabaldi, Catskill, N. Y. At the sta¬ 
tion house the watch, valued at about $15, 
was found in Harris’ possession. Jackson 
had handed me his knife when arrested. 
Jackson’s wounds were attended to by Dr. 
Fulton, the camp physician, who diagnosed 
the case as laceration of the right breast 
and left arm. Jackson preferred a charge 

25 



of petty larceny against Harris. Harris 
charged assault against Jackson. 

Ques. 5:—The law states that Sheriff of 
a county wherein a certificate of appoint¬ 
ment as a member of the Board of Water 
Supply Police is filed may cancel such cer¬ 
tificate for cause. Name three offenses 
which in your opinion would justify the 
Sheriff in cancelling the certificate of such 
a Policeman. 

ANS.:—(1) Refusing to obey an order of 
the Sheriff or disregarding his authority. 

(2) Interfering with county affairs having 
no relation to my duties as a Patrolman- 
on-Aqueduct, as, for example, leaving my 
post on Board of Water Supply property 
and arresting a farmer twenty miles distant 
on a charge of “moonshining.” 

(3) Disturbing the peace of the com¬ 
munity while off duty or exercising my 
rights as a peace officer in a high-handed, 
offensive manner. 


Ques. 6:—You discover a man stealing a 
valuable surveyor’s instrument. You are 
unable to catch him, so you order him to 
stop. If he refuses, have you, as an officer, 
any right to shoot at him and so possibly 
kill him? 

ANS.:—Yes. A peace officer has the right 
to arrest a person for a crime committed 
in his presence. He has a right to use all 
necessary force to effect the arrest, and if 
necessary to shoot to prevent his escape, he 
has the right to shoot. The officer, how¬ 
ever, first fires into the air and if this does 
not have the desired result he should aim 
at the legs, since the object of the shoot¬ 
ing is merely to prevent escape and not to 
kill. 

A Lieutenant of the New York Police 
Force has suggested the following addi¬ 
tional answer: 

ANS.:—The Penal Law provides that 
after a person has been taken into custody 
charged with the commission of a felony 
and escapes from the officer’s custody 
and refuses to halt when called upon to do 
so by the officer, may be shot at for the 
purpose of staying his progress. If the offi¬ 
cer accidentally kills him he is technically 
guilty of homicide, but cannot be punished 
for the act. THIS RULE DOES NOT AP- 
p LY IN CASES OF MISDEMEANOR. 

NO IE:—The question is not stated as 
clearly as it should be. It cannot be prop¬ 
el* 1 / answered without knowing how valu- 
ab!e the instrument was and the manner in 
which it was stolen. Presumably, however 
the use of the expression, “a valuable in- 
fdony ent ’ implles a value constituting a 

It was a felony if: (a) its value was $25 
oi over; (b) if stolen from the person of 
another, regardless of its value. Otherwise 
it was petit larceny, which is a misde- 
meanor. It should also be noted that when 
the officer orders a person in the act of 


commission of a crime to halt, it is tech¬ 
nically an arrest, and the offender from 
that moment is an escaping prisoner.—THE 
EDITOR. 

Ques. 7:—Under what circumstances 
would a mounted Aqueduct Patrolman be 
at a disadvantage as compared to an un¬ 
mounted man? Give reasons. 

ANS.:—A mounted Aqueduct Patrolman 
would be at a disadvantage under the fol¬ 
lowing circumstances: (1) He could not so 
easily pursue an offender in brush or a 
wooded district. (2) If his horse were ill 
he might, in giving it attention, be delayed 
sufficiently to permit a prisoner to escape. 
(3) While riding his horse it might slip or 
throw him and incapacitate the Patrolman 
tor duty. (4) A mounted man on patrol 
duty is more conspicuous than an un¬ 
mounted man, and an offender could see 
him at a greater distance and hide; also, 
the sound of the horse’s--hoofs would give 
an offender notice of approach. (5) In 
case of necessity to shoot, he could not 
shoot as accurately as an unmounted man. 
(6) The mounted man has a more limited 
field of usefulness, because he has to keep 
mainly to the road; he might not see a 
crime committed away from the road. (7) 
In case of a violent storm he would have to 
look for suitable shelter for his horse, but 
an unmounted man could shift for himself. 
(8) While on a gallop chasing an offender 
his revolver and club might jolt out and he 
would find himself defenseless. (9) He 
might run over a child with his horse. (10) 
His horse might shy at an automobile and 
run away, causing injury to person and 
property. 

Ques. 8:—While patroling your post 
about 1 o’clock in the morning you meet 
two foreigners driving a team of horses in 
the vicinity of a supply station and off the 
main road. Under these circumstances, 
what action would you take, if any? Give 
reasons for your answer. 

ANS.:—I would stop them and ask them 
to give a satisfactory account of themselves. 

I would look into the wagon to see if it 
contained anything that might have been 
stolen from the supply station or elsewhere. 
If the wagon were empty and there was 
nothing suspicious about the actions of the 
men and they gave a reasonable explana¬ 
tion of how they happened to be there I 
would not detain them; but I would watch 
to see if the 3 r loitered. If the wagon con¬ 
tained suspicious looking articles I would 
arrest them on a technical charge of being 
tramps, so that there would be an excuse 
for holding them, and take them to the 
nearest police station. If the wagon con¬ 
tained nothing, but the men acted in a sus¬ 
picious manner, I would also arrest them 
on a technical charge, so that their owner¬ 
ship of the team and character could be 
investigated. 


26 


ARITHMETIC 


Municipal Civil Service Com’n., N. Y. 
PATROLMAN. 

Date: June 23, 1913. 

Weight 2. 

(Give all the figuring on the ruled sheets.) 

Ques. 1:—Add the following numbers: 
18841 

72999 47 

15218 

22796 55 

14625 

63537 60 

15008 

54784 41 

13984 

24270 31 


ANS.:— 311,057 (Ans.) 

(NOTE: The figures to the right the 
column totals, given for convenience of 
verification.) 

Ques. 2:—Receipts from customs in a cer¬ 
tain year were $149,819,594. The next year 
they were $206,141,225. Find the amount of 
increase. 

ANS.:— $206,141,225 
149,819,594 


Increase: $56,321,631 (Ans.) 

Ques. 3:—A square mile contains 102,400 
square rods. How many square rods in 187 
square miles? 

ANS.:— 102,400 
187 


716,800 

819,200 

102,400 


19,148,800 (Ans.) 

Ques. 4:—Divide 4,258,412 by 109. 

ANS.:— 

109)4,258,412(39,068 miles 
327 (Ans.) 

988 

981 

741 

654 

872 

872 


PATROLMAN. 

Date: April 1, 1914. 

1. A man on your post tells you that he 
worked 19 days and had been promised 

27 


$1.79 a day for his work. He has been paid 
$37.98. He has been paid too much or too 
little and how much? 

2. The total revenue of the Water De¬ 
partment for the year 1911 was $12,154,484, 
while the amount received in the year 1912 
was $12,463,871. By how much did the re¬ 
venue for 1911 exceed that of 1912? 

3. If there are 9,682 men on the police 
force and there are 16 inspectors, 299 cap¬ 
tains, 415 lieutenants and 596 sergeants, 
how many patrolmen are there on the 
force? 

4. If the water supply of a city aver¬ 
ages 3,456.789 gallons a day, how many gal¬ 
lons would be consumed by the city in 207 
days? 


PATROLMAN. 

Date: October 24, 1912. 

Weight 2. 

(Give all the figuring on the ruled sheets.) 

1. The population of a certain city on 
July 1, 1910, was 126,748. During the 12 
months following there were 2,756 births, 
1.942 deaths, 4,563 persons moved in and 
2,916 moved away. What was then the 
population? 

2. How much will it cost to educate 8,647 
children, if it costs $6.09 to educate one 
child? 

3. The police of five precincts made 
98,615 arrests last year. What was the 
average number of arrests made by the 
police of each precinct? 


PATROLMAN. 

Date: August 1, 1911. 

Ques. 1:—Add 959,654, 215,718, 3,356,457, 
882,569, 857, 99,058, 225,014, 5,909, 7,507, 
6,582,754. 

ANS.:— 

959,654 

215,718 

3,356,457 

882,569 

857 

99,058 

225,014 

5,909 

7,507 

6,582,754 


12,335,497 (Ans.) 

Ques. 2:—Find the difference between 
20,564,895 and 95,207,643. 

ANS.:— 

95,207,643 

20,564,895 


74,642,748 (Ans.) 












Ques. 3:—Multiply 860,542 by 784. 

ANS.:—• 

860,542 

784 


89)$4000.00($44.94 34-89, the amount each 
350 soldier earned 

_ per month. 

440 (Ans.) 

356 


3442168 

6884336 

6023794 


674,664,928 (Ans.) 

Ques. 4:—How many times is 995 con¬ 
tained in 255.685? 

ANS.:— 

995)255.685(256.969 + 

1990 


5668 =256.97 (Ans.) 

4975 


6935 

5970 

9650 

8955 


6950 

5970 


9800 

8955 


845 


840 

801 

390 

356 

34 

89 

Ques. 3:—By the census of 1890 the pop¬ 
ulation of New York State was 5,981,934; 
of Pennsylvania, 5,248,574; of Illinois, 3,- 
818,536; of Ohio, 3,666,719; of Missouri, 2,- 
677,080; of Massachusetts, 2,233,407; of 
Texas, 2,232,220; of Indiana, 2,189,030; of 
Michigan, 2,089,792; of Iowa, 1,906,729. 
Find the total population of the ten States. 


ANS.:— 

New York . 5,981,934 

Pennsylvania . 5,248,574 

Illinois . 3,818,536 

Ohio . 3,666,719 

Missouri . 2,677,080 

Massachusetts . 2,233,407 

Texas . 2,232,220 

Indiana . 2,189,030 

Michigan . 2,089,792 

Iowa . 1,906,729 


PATROLMAN. 

Date: January 24, 1908. 

(NOTE:—In the following problems 
where the division ends in a friction it 
could as well be expressed by decimals.) 


Total population.. .32,044,021 Ans. 

Ques. 4:—The area of the globe is 196,- 
096,060 sq. miles, of which 143,621,181 sq. 
miles is water. How much land is there? 

ANS.:— 

Area of globe.196,096,060 sq. miles 

Water .143,621,181 sq. miles 


Ques. 1:—If a soldier’s rations are 48 oz. 
per day, how many ounces would an army 
of 21,250 men require for 64 days? 

ANS.:—If a soldier’s rations are 48 oz. 
per day, 21,250 soldiers would require 1,- 
020,000 oz. for one day, and 65,280,000 oz. 
for 64 days. 


Land . 52,474,879 sq. miles 

(Ans.) 

PATROLMAN. 

Date: January 23, 1908. 


Process:— 
21250 
48 


1020000 

64 


170000 4080000 

85000 6120000 


1020000 oz. (Ans.) 65280000 oz. 
for 1 day for 64 days 


Ques. 2:—Eighty-nine laborers earned 
$48,000 in 12 months. What was the aver¬ 
age monthly wage of each? 

ANS.:—If 89 laborers earn $48,000 in 12 
months, they earn $4,000 in one month, and 
one laborer would earn $44.94 34-89. 

Process:— 

12)$48,000 


Ques. 1:—The cotton crop of the United 
States for the ten years beginning with 1880 
and ending with 1889 was as follows: 
5,757,397 bales, 6,589,329 bales, 5,435,845 
bales, 6,992,234 bales, 5,714,052 bales, 5,- 
669,021 bales, 6,550,215 bales, 6,513,624 bales, 
7,017,707 bales, and 695,082 bales. What 
was the entire product? 

ANS.:— 

5,757,397 

6,589,329 

5,435,845 

6,992,234 

5,714,052 

5,669,021 

6,550,215 

6,513,624 

7,017,707 

695,082 


$4,000 


56,934,506 bales. (Ans.) 


28 


































Ques. 2:—The Cincinnati post office 
mailed 241,758 letters on Saturday, which 
was 35,665 more than were mailed on Fri¬ 
day. How many were mailed on Friday? 

ANS.:— 

Saturday’s mail 241,753 letters 
less 35,665 


Friday’s mail 206,088 letters (Ans.) 

Ques. 3:—What is the value of 769 bales 
of cotton, each weighing 496 pounds, at 27 
cents a pound? 

ANS.:—769 bales of cotton, each weigh¬ 
ing 496 pounds, equals 381,424 pounds; at 
27 cents per pound, is $102,984.48. 

Process:— 

769 bales 381424 lbs. 

496 lbs. per bale .27 cents per lb. 


4614 2669968 

6921 762848 

3076 - 

- $102,984.48 Value. 

Ans. 

Ques. 4:—A planter sold 729 hhds., each 
containing 63 gal. of molasses, for 2371912 
cents. What was its value per gallon? 

ANS.:—729 hhds., each containing 63 
gals., equals 45,927 gals. If 45,927 gals, cost 
2,371,912 cents, one gallon costs 51 cents. 

Process:— 

729 hhds. 45927)2371912(51 29635-45927 
63 gals, to a hhd. 229,635 Ans. 


2187 75562 

4374 45927 


45927 29635 


45927 


PATROLMAN. 

Date, January 22, 1908. 

Ques. 1:—The population of the largest 
ten cities of the United States in 1880 was: 
New York, 1,513,501; Chicago, 1,098,576; 
Philadelphia, 1,044,894; Brooklyn, 804,377; 
St. Louis, 460,357; Boston, 448,477; Balti¬ 
more, 434,451; San Francisco, 297,990; Cin¬ 
cinnati 296,309; New Orleans, 241,995. 
What was the total? 

ANS.:_ Population. 

New Y'ork . J 

Philadelphia . 

Brooklyn . 804,377 

St. Louis . 460,357 

Baltimore . 434,451 

San Francisco . oqI’qaq 

New Orleans . ^41,995 


Ans. Total population. 6,640,927 

Ques 2:—307,184 ties were used in build¬ 
ing one railroad and 256,625 in constructing 


another. How many more did the first re¬ 
quire than the other? 

ANS.:— 

The first railroad required.307,184 ties. 

The second railroad required. .256,625 ties. 


First railroad required 50,559 ties 
more than the second. Ans. 

Ques. 3:—A wholesale house imported 
324 yards, which was sold at 375 cents per 
yard. Find the selling price. 

ANS.:—If lace sells at 375 cents a yard, 
324 yards would sell for $1,215. 

Process:— 

324 

375 


1620 

2268 

972 


$1215.00 Ans. 

Ques. 4:—Proctor & Gamble loaded 37 
cars with 1,065,000 pounds of soap, allow¬ 
ing 64 pounds to the box. How many boxes 
did each car hold? 

ANS.:—There being 64 pounds to the 
box, 1,065,600 pounds of soap would be 
equal to 16,650 boxes. As 37 cars carried 
16,650 boxes, each car carried 450 boxes. 

Process:— 

64)1065600(16650 boxes 
64xxxx 


425 

384 

416 

384 

320 

320 

37)16650(450 boxes. Ans. 
148xx 


185 

185 


PATROLMAN. 

Date, September 12, 1906. 

Ques. 1:—The population of each of the 
six northern counties of England is as fol¬ 
lows: Cumberland, 250,647; Durham, 867,- 
258; Lancashire, 3,454,441; Northumber¬ 
land, 434,086; Westmoreland, 64,191; York¬ 
shire, 2,886,564. What is the total popula¬ 


tion? 

ANS.:— 

Cumberland . 250,647 

Durham . 867,258 

Lancashire . 3,454,441 

Northumberland . 434,086 

Westmoreland . 64,191 

Yorkshire . 2,886,564 


29 


Total population... Ans. 7,957,187 






































Ques. 2:—In an orchard there are 1,572 
fiuit trees; of these 352 are apple trees, 275 
are pear trees, and 187 are plum trees. How 
many other trees are there? 


ANS.:— 

Total fruit trees. 1,572 

Apple . 352 

Pear .. 275 

Plum . 187 


Total . 814 814 

Balance (other trees).Ans. 758 


Ques. 3:—There are 86,400 seconds in a 
day. How many are there in 365 days? 

ANS.:—If there are 86,400 seconds ij. one 
day, there are 31,536,000 in 365 days. 
Process:— 

86400 

365 


Process: 

196 2352) 1117200 ($475 (Ans.) 

12 9408xx 


2352 17640 

16464 


11760 

11760 

Ques. 3:—Forty-five cars were each 
loaded with 625 boxes of starch, weighing 
42 pounds to the box. What was the total 
weight? 

ANS.:—If there were 625 boxes to each 
car, 45 cars would hold 28,125 boxes. If 
each box weighed 42 pounds, 28,125 boxes 
would weigh 1,181,250 pounds. 

Process:— 

625 28125 

45 42 


432000 

518400 

259200 


31536000 (Ans.) 

Ques. 4:—The trees in an orchard are ar¬ 
ranged in 153 rows, with the same number 
of trees in each row and there are 16,371 
trees altogether. How many trees are 
there in each row? 

ANS.:—As there are 16,371 trees divided 
into 153 rows there would be 107 trees in 
each row. 

Process:—• 

153)16731(107 trees. (Ans.) 

153xx 


1071 

1071 


PATROLMAN. 

Date: June 28, 1905. 

Ques. 1:—The area of the largest ten 
divisions of the United States is as follows: 
Texas, 262,290 square miles; California, 
155,980; Dakota, 147,700; Montana, 145,310; 
New Mexico, 122,460; Arizona, 112,920; 
Nevada, 109,740; Colorado, 103,645; Wyom¬ 
ing, 97,575; Oregon, 94,560. What is their 


total area? 

ANS.: 

Texas . 262,290 

California . 155,980 

Dakota . 147,700 

Montana . 145,310 

New Mexico . 122,460 

Arizona . 112,920 

Nevada . 109,740 

Colorado . 103,645 

Wyoming . 95,575 

Oregon . 94,560 


Total Area.1,350,180 Ans. 

Ques. 2:—A tract of land was divided into 
196 squares of 12 lots each. If they were 
sold for $1,117,200, what was the value of 
each lot? 

ANS.:—196 squares of 12 lots each equals 
2,352 lots. If 2,352 lots cost $1,117,200, each 
lot was worth $475. 


3125 56250 

2500 112500 


28125 1181250 (Ans.) 

Ques. 4:—S. is worth $13,274; J. $956 less 
than S.; B. $1,038 more than J., and R. $594 
less than B. How much have all? 

ANS.:— 

S. is worth.$13,274 

J. is worth $13,274 less $956 

956. 12,318 


B. is worth $12,318 plus $1,038 

1,038. 13,356 


R. is worth $13,356 less $594 

594. 12,762 


All together have.$51,710 (Ans.) 


PATROLMAN. 

Date: June 1, 1905. 

Ques. 1:—A merchant built a block of 
stores on a lot worth $10,250. He paid $782 
for excavating, $3,650 for the foundation, 
$9,927 for lumber, $13,685 for brickwork, 
$11,800 for freestone, $4,269 for slating, 
$6,231 for plastering, $2,568 for painting, 
$4,346 for heating apparatus, $3,964 for ele¬ 
vators, $7,653 for labor, and $10,875 for 
other expenses. If he sold the property at 
a gain of $10,000, what did he receive for it? 


ANS.:— 

Lot worth .$10,250 

Excavating . 782 

Foundation . 3,650 

Lumber . 9,927 

Brickwork . 13,685 

Freestone . 11,800 

Slating . 4,269 

Plastering . 6,231 

Painting . 2,568 

Heating Apparatus.... 4,346 

Elevators . 3,964 

Labor . 7,653 

Other expenses. 10,875 

Gain . io]ooo 


30 


Received for propetry $100,000 (Ans.) 























































Ques. 2:—A tract of woodland yielded 149 
cords of wood per acre. The entire quantity 
was sold for $171,048 at the rate of $4.50 
per cord. How many acres were in the 
lot? 

ANS.:—At the rate of $4.50 per cord, 
$171,648 would be the price of 38,144 cords. 
As there are 149 cords to the acre, this 
would give 256 acres. 

Process:— 

4.50)171,648.00(38,144 cords 
135xxxx 


366 

360 

64 

45 


198 

180 


deposits in banks in a certain year was re¬ 
ported as follows: Maine, 269,861; New 
Hampshire, 178,440; Vermont, 104,620; Mas¬ 
sachusetts, 2,002,010; Rhode Island, 130,236; 
Connecticut, 544,646; New York, 2,760,343; 
New Jersey, 297,926; Pennsylvania, 452,487; 
Delaware, 25,380. How many in these ten 
States? 

ANS.:—6,765,949. 

ANS.:—The total given above is the an¬ 
swer. 

Ques. 2:—Certain manufacturers in one 
year produced goods valued at $54,588,634; 
in another year the output was worth 
$111,723,051. Find the amount of increase 
the latter year. 

Solution:— 

$111,723,051 

54,588,634 


$57,134,417 (Ans.) 


180 

180 

149)38144(256 acres. (Ans.) 
298xx 


834 


894 

894 

Ques. 3:—A wholesale house imported 
324 bolts of broadcloth, each containing 39 
yards, which was sold at $3.75 per yard. 
How much was received for the cloth? 

ANS.:—324 bolts of broadcloth, each con¬ 
taining 39 yards, equals 12,636 yards. 12,636 
yards at $3.75 a yard, equals $47,385. 

Process:— 

324 12,636 

39 3.75 


Ques. 3:—If it cost $125,109 per mile to 
construct a railroad, what will be the cost 
of a road 528 miles long? 

Solution:— 

$125,109 

528 


1000872 

250218 

625545 


$66,057,552 (Ans.) 

Ques. 4:—Suppose the United States has 
14,670,120 men capable of military service, 
how many regiments of 1,210 men each 
could be formed from this number? 

Solution:— 

1210)14,670,120(12124+ (Ans.) 

1210 


2570 

2420 


2916 

972 

12,636 Yds. 


63180 

88452 

37908 


$47,385.00 (Ans.) 

Ques. 4:—A has $1,560, which is $467 
more than B has. If C has $1,306 less than 
A and B together, how much have all? 

ANS.:— 

A has .$1,560 

B has $1,560 less $467 
467 


$1,093 


B has. 1,093 


A and B have.... $2,653 
C has $2,653 less $1,306 
1,306 

$1,347 C has. 1.347 

(Ans.) All have... $4,000 


PATROLMAN-ON-AQUEDUCT. 

Date: June 13, 1911. 

Ques. 1:—The number of persons having 


1501 

1210 


2912 

2420 


4920 

4840 


80 

NOTE:—Before attempting this long di¬ 
vision it is well to first ascertain approxi¬ 
mately how many items 1210 can go in 
14,670,120; 1210 can go into 1467 one time, 
and as four figures remain the quotient 
must occupy a total five figures. This will 
eliminate the chance of giving the result as 
1212 or 121,240. The answer is 12124 + 
without the necessity of expressing a frac¬ 
tion or decimal, for the answer called for 
is the number of regiments, and as each 
regiment consists of 1210 men, the 80 men 
left over are too few to be considered. If 
there were 606 men left over, that is, more 
than half a regiment, the answer should be 
12124 with the fraction or decimal added. 


31 























MEMORY TEST 


Date: April 1, 1914. 

You are directed to look for a man— 
William Stewart—31 years old, 5 feet 5 tall, 
weighing 136 pounds, left eye slightly 
crossed, scar on cheek, wearing when last 
seen a black slouch hat and a pepper and 
salt suit. The man is wanted in Yonkers, 
charged with felonious assault; $100 reward 
for arrest. 


Date: June 23, 1913. 

Look for Sam Lee, Chinaman, also known 
as Sam Sing, 30 years old, 5 feet 7 inches 
tall, weight 125 pounds, smooth face, hazel 
eyes, dark hair, cut American style, dress 
American. 

. As the memory test is read a number of 
times and in different parts of the room, 
most candidates are able to remember quite 
correctly. If read only once or twice, such 
a test as the above would not be so easy. 
There are 11 ideas to be remembered and 
all are important. 

In the above exercise there is one way 
of reducing the burden, and that is to make 
a note of the fact that four items practi¬ 
cally go hand in hand. The hair is dark, 
which is natural with a Chinaman, and it is 
cut American style. Being cut in American 
style, it is natural that his dress would be 
American. It is also most common for a 
Chinaman to be smooth-shaven. As for the 
rest, there is no system by which it can be 
remembered, but it can be borne in mind 
that he is a fairly young man, a little above 
medium in height and rather light weight 
for his height. 

The first essential to remember is that 
he is a Chinaman. Then, that he has two 
names, Sam Lee and Sam Sing. Then his 
height, weight and eyes. Then the four 
characteristics that are easy to remember 
regarding a Chinaman. 

If the candidate has difficulty in remem¬ 
bering details, the best way to do would 
be first to picture a rough idea of the man; 
then on subject readings try to memorize 
one detail after another. If the candidate 
fears that he cannot remember the details, 
the best thing to do would be to make a 
note of the general characteristics as fol¬ 
lows, and on this he would receive a better 
rating than if he had half of the facts right 
and the other half wrong: 

“Look for Americanized Chinaman, Sam 
Something, fairly young man, a little over 
average height, rather slim, smooth face, 
short dark hair and dark eyes.” 


Date: October 24, 1912. 

Weight 3. 

Look for James Taylor, often called 
“Uncle Jim,” 78 years old, long white 


beard, about 5 feet 5. Has a stoop walks 
with a cane, and is feeble-minded. Left his 
home on Staten Island Saturday afternoon 
and is supposed to have gone to Manhattan 
and lost his way. Wore a brown suit, with 
gray sweater, and soft black hat. 


DATE: APRIL 1, 1914. 
DATE: JUNE 23, 1913. 
DATE: OCTOBER 24, 1912. 
DATE: AUGUST 1, 1911. 

1. Look for 

2. Helen Anderson 

3. cholera suspect 

4. escaped from Swinburne Island 

5. nineteen years old 

6. brown hair 

7. blue eyes 

8. wears glasses 

9. was until last Saturday 

10. a nurse in Bellevue Hospital. 


DATE: APRIL 15, 1909. 

Look for a negro, James Jackson, known 
as Jimmy the Buck, wanted for assault and 
disorderly conduct; 30 years old; 6 feet 1 
inch; weight 230 pounds; one joint on left 
forefinger gone; derby hat; blue suit; tan 
shoes; walks with a slight limp. 


DATE: APRIL 13, 1909. 

Look for an Italian, John Castor, known 
by many other names; 5 feet 6 inches; 
wore blue flannel shirt; ears pierced for 
rings; scar from ear to mouth; brown coat, 
greasy trousers; wanted for writing “Black 
Hand” letter. 


DATE: SEPTEMBER 12, 1906. 

Look for Henry Warren, of Albany, 35 
years old; 5 feet 8 inches tall; weight 155 
pounds; light complexion; white hair and 
whiskers; slightly bald; wore a dark blue 
flannel suit and straw hat. Slightly de¬ 
mented. 


DATE: JUNE 28, 1905 

Look for John Hunter, deserter from 
U. S. Cruiser Cincinnati; 25 years old; miss¬ 
ing last Saturday; 5 feet 9 inches high; 
brown hair, gray eyes, broad shoulders; 
dark coat and vest, gray trousers, all nearly 
new; blue anchor tattooed on right arm be¬ 
tween wrist and elbow. 


DATE: JUNE 1, 1905. 


Look for Jane Taylor, lost child, 
old; light hair; blue eyes; freckled; 


9 years 
mole on 


32 











left cheek near mouth; missing since last 
Tuesday. Wore blue gingham dress, white 
apron brown stockings, low shoes. Scar 
of a burn on left wrist and turns toes in 
when walking. 


DATE: 1903. 

Arrest Thomas Flynn, alias George Wil¬ 
son; wanted for burglary in Boston; height 
5 feet 6 inches; weight 140 pounds; black 
hair, gray eyes; third finger missing from 
left hand. 


DATE: 1902. 

Look for James Robinson, escaped from 
a lunatic asylum; dark hair; high forehead; 
no beard or mustache; 5 feet 8 inches; 
weight 165 pounds; small scar on right 
cheek. 


DATE: 1901. 

Look for Richard Harris, confidence man; 
5 feet 9 inches tall; dark hair turning gray; 
operates at night in dress suit; offering to 
show strangers the town. Wanted for rob¬ 
bery of gold watch and chain and some 
money from a visitor from New Orleans. 


PRACTICE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS. 


PATROLMAN. 

ON THE PENAL AND CRIMINAL 
CODES. 

Ques. 1:—What is an attempt to commit 
a crime? 

ANS.:—An attempt to commit a crime is 
an action performed with the intention of 
committing a crime, but has failed to attain 
the intended end. 

Ques. 2:—How are offenders punished for 
attempts to commit crime? 

ANS.:—If the intended act or commission 
were successful and the punishment for 
which would be death or life imprisonment, 
the penalty for such intention would be 25 
years’ imprisonment. In any other case, 
the penalty for attempted crimes may be 
not more than half of the heaviest punish¬ 
ment for such crime should it have been 
carried out. 

Oues. 3:—Does voluntary intoxication 
exempt offenders from punishment for 
crimes or attempted crimes? 

ANS.:—No, but the condition of the 
offender may be taken into consideration 
in order to determine his motives. 

Oues. 4:—Does a morbid criminal pro¬ 
pensity excuse a person in committing a 
crime? 

ANS.:—No. This is no + a defense for the 
commission of a crime if such person is 
capable of realizing the wrongfulness of his 
act. 

Ques. 5:—How many parties are there to 
a crime? 

ANS.:—There are two. 

Ques. 6:—What are the two parties to a 
crime called? 

ANS.:—The Principal and the Accessory. 

Ques. 7:—At what age is a child consid¬ 
ered to be incapable of committing a crime 
in a legal sense? 


ANS.:—Up to the age of seven a child 
cannot commit a crime. Between the ages 
of seven and twelve years it can be con¬ 
sidered guilty of committing a crime if it 
can be proven that it had sufficient knowl¬ 
edge and sense of the wrongfulness of the 
act. 

Ques. 8:—What is a principal in the com¬ 
mission of a crime? 

ANS.:—A principal is a person who is 
concerned in the commission of a crime, 
whether he directly commits the offense 
oi advises or instigates another to commit 
il. It does not matter whether the prin¬ 
cipal is present or absent when the crime 
is committed. 

Ques. 9:—What is an accessory in the 
commission of a crime? 

ANS.:—An accessory is a person who, 
after a felony is committed, helps or hides 
the offender with the intention of saving 
him from punishment. 

Ques. 10:—What is the crime designated 
of a public officer who neglects to perform 
his duty? 

ANS.:—A misdemeanor. If he wrong¬ 
fully takes property intrusted to his care, 
or falsifies his accounts, he is guilty of what 
is termed by law a malfeasance, which is a 
felony. 

Ques. 11:—What is the crime termed of 
compelling a public officer by threat to do 
a thing contrary to his duty? 

ANS.:—A misdemeanor. 

Ques. 12:—What is the penalty for a pub¬ 
lic officer accepting a bribe? 

ANS.:—A public officer who accepts a 
bribe may be punished by 10 years’ im¬ 
prisonment and $5,000 fine. 

Ques. 13:—Is the person who offers a 
bribe also guilty? 

ANS.:—Yes. Either one is a competent 
witness against the other. 

33 






Ques. 14:—What degree of crime is a 
public officer guilty of when allowing a pris¬ 
oner to escape? 

ANS.:—If the prisoner is charged with 
a felony the officer is guilty of a felony; 
if the prisoner is charged with a misde¬ 
meanor the officer is guilty of a misde¬ 
meanor. 

Ques. 15:—What degree of crime is a per¬ 
son guilty of in aiding or attempting to 
aid a prisoner to escape? 

ANS.:—Guilty of the same crime as the 
prisoner is charged with. 

Ques. 16:—What constitutes perjury? 

ANS.:—Swearing or testifying to mater¬ 
ial matter as true when the person swear¬ 
ing knows the same to be false. An un¬ 
qualified statement of what one does not 
know to be true is equivalent to a false 
statement. 

Ques. 17:—How is perjury and suborna¬ 
tion of perjury punishable? 

ANS.:—When the perjury is committed 
on the trial of an indictment of a felony, 
twenty years’ imprisonment; in any other 
case, ten years. 

Ques. 18:—Of what degree of crime is a 
person guilty who attempts to procure an¬ 
other person for the purpose of having the 
latter commit perjury? 

ANS.:—-He is guilty of a misdemeanor. 
If the bribe is offered with the intent and 
understanding that it is to influence another 
person to commit perjury, the crime is a 
felony. 

Ques. 19:—What is subornation of per¬ 
jury? 

ANS.:—Subornation of perjury is the act 
of wilfully procuring another person with 
the intent to commit perjury. 

Ques. 20:—State what crime a person is 
guilty of when attempting to procure an¬ 
other to commit perjury. 

ANS.:—Such persons are guilty of a 
misdemeanor. If the bribe is offered with 
the intent and understanding that it is to 
influence another to commit perjury, then 
the crime is a felony. 

Ques. 21:—State briefly what is meant by 
“compounding a felony.” 

ANS.:—“Compounding a felony” is a de¬ 
gree of crime. It is committed by a per¬ 
son who asks or receives a reward or bribe 
on an agreement and with the understand¬ 
ing that he will conceal or commit a crime, 
or withhold true testimony in relation to 
a trial for felony which is punishable by 
death or life imprisonment. 

Ques. 22:—What is the punishment for 
compounding a felony”? 

ANS.:—It is punishable by five years’ im¬ 
prisonment. When this crime relates to 
the trial of another felony than stated in 
the previous answer, it is punishable by 
three years imprisonment. When the com¬ 
pounding relates to a trial for a misde¬ 


meanor the offense is punishable by one 
year’s imprisonment. 

Ques. 23:—What do you understand to 
be the meaning of “common barratory”? 

ANS.:—Common barratory is the prac¬ 
tice of exciting groundless legal proceed¬ 
ings against a person for the purpose of 
vexing, annoying or taking revenge. Per¬ 
sons in order to be found guilty of this 
crime must have excited groundless legal 
proceedings three times. 

Ques. 24:—Of what degree of crime is a 
person guilty in committing common bar¬ 
ratory? 

ANS.:—A misdemeanor. 

Ques. 25:—Define “contempt of court.” 

ANS.:—A person guilty of the following 
actions is punishable for the crime of con¬ 
tempt of court: 

Breach of the peace, disorderly or in¬ 
solent behavior committed during the sit¬ 
ting of a court in the immediate view or 
presence of the Judge, or the same behavior 
committed in the presence of a referee; 
unlawful refusal to be sworn in as a wit¬ 
ness; . or refusing to answer any proper 
question while engaged in a trial pursuant 
to the orders of the court; or publishing a 
grossly inaccurate report of a court pro¬ 
ceeding. 

Ques. 26:—State briefly what constitutes 
the crime of “conspiracy.” 

ANS.:—The following constitutes con¬ 
spiracy: If two or more persons conspire 
either to commit a crime or to falsely and 
maliciously indict another for a crime; or 
to cheat a person out of his lawful prop¬ 
erty by any criminal methods; or to pre¬ 
vent another from following a lawful trade 
or calling; or to an unlawful act by inter¬ 
ference, threat, intimidation, etc.; or to 
commit an act which is injurious to public 
health, morals, trade or commerce, or in 
the obstruction of justice. 

Ques. 27:—Of what degree of crime is a 
person guilty who commits or is implicated 
m a conspiracy? 

ANS.:—A misdemeanor. 

Ques. 28:—What is necessary in order to 
mdict a person for conspiracy against the 
State? 

ANS.:—It is necessary that such act shall 
nave been committed in the open and ob¬ 
vious to all. The punishment for such 
crime is ten years’ imprisonment. 

Ques. 29:—What is “treason”? How is 
it punishable? 

ANS.:—It is the act of levying war 
against the people of the State; or a com- 
bination of two or more persons to over¬ 
throw the government by force; or the act 
of assisting any of the enemies of the 
United States while the country is engaged 
m w . ar -. To prove a person guilty of trea¬ 
son it is necessary that an act of war must 
have been committed; to conspire or levy 
war is not sufficient evidence to convict, 
the punishment for treason is death. 

34 


Ques. 30:—State an instance where a per¬ 
son or persons are guilty of “levying war.” 

ANS.:—When persons rise in sedition 
or insurrection to prevent by force the en¬ 
forcement of a certain law or laws, they 
are “levying war” and are guilty of treason. 
But an endeavor by numbers and force of 
arms to resist the execution of the law in 
a single instance, and for a private purpose, 
is not “levying war.” 

Ques. 31:—What is meant by duress? 

ANS.:—Duress is the act of compelling 
or forcing persons to commit an act against 

•their will. 

Ques. 32:—Is a person who commits a 
crime under duress punishable therefor? 

ANS.:—No. 

Ques. 33:—What constitutes “homicide”? 

ANS.:—Homicide is the killing of a hu¬ 
man being by the act of another. Homi¬ 
cide is either murder, manslaughter, justi¬ 
fiable homicide, or excusable homicide. 

Ques. 34:—What is the proper action for 
a Policeman to take when his attention is 
called to the fact that an odor of gas is 
escaping from a store that is closed and 
locked, and information given that the pro¬ 
prietor of the place is an invalid and may 
be in at the time, and that his wife is away 
on business? 

ANS.:—The Charter provides that it is 
the duty of the police to protect life and 
property. In doing so the courts uphold 
the police in doing acts which at first glance 
seem to be violations of themselves. If en¬ 
trance can be effected by no other means 
than force and the destruction of property, 
then such course should without hesitation 
be pursued, under* the general rule that 
the facts and suspicion justify. 

If after entrance it be discovered that the 
gas jets in the store were ooen, they should 
be immediately shut off. If the gas pipes 
were found leaking the district gas com¬ 
pany supplying such store should be im¬ 
mediately notified, and in either case the 
Fire Department immediately notified to 
the end that an investigation may be made. 
If no occupants are in the store, the place 
should be covered in the usual police man¬ 
ner relative to special posts, and communi¬ 
cation sent to the station house. 

If a human being is discovered therein 
and in an insensible condition, an ambu¬ 
lance should be sent for, and the person 
placed under arrest on suspicion of at¬ 
tempt at suicide. If he be found dead the 
Homicide Bureau of the District Attorney’s 
office and the Coroner’s office should be 
notified. The usual investigation of wit¬ 
nesses and police reports in such cases 
should be made and forwarded to their 
proper destinations. 


PATROLMAN-ON-AQUEDUCT. 

Most of the following questions are 
equally suitable for the examination for Pa¬ 
trolman (New York). 


Ques. 35: —What is a Peace Officer? 

ANS.:—A Peace Officer is a sheriff of a 
county, or his under-sheriff or deputy, or a 
constable, marshal, police constable or po¬ 
liceman of a city, town or village. 

Ques. 36. —What are the essential duties 
of a Patrolman-on-Aqueduct? 

ANS.:—To preserve the peace, prevent 
crime, arrest offenders, suppress riots and 
unlawful or dangerous assemblages, protect 
the rights of persons and property, protect 
the public health, patrol my post with vigi¬ 
lance while on patrol duty, obey the com¬ 
mands of rny superior officers and the rules 
and regulations of the force. 

Ques. 37: —State some of his minor du¬ 
ties. 

ANS.:—To obey the orders of his supe¬ 
rior officer, to study the rules and regula¬ 
tions of the force and to take care of the 
quarters he occupies and also the stable, if 
there be one, to such an extent as may be 
required. 

Ques. 38: —What is a crime? 

ANS.:—A crime is an act of omission for¬ 
bidden by law, and punishable upon con¬ 
viction by death or imprisonment, or fine, 
or removal from office, or disqualification 
to hold any office of trust, honor or profit 
under the state, or other penal discipline. 

Ques. 39:—Under the authority of how 
many officers is a Patrolman-on-Aqueduct? 

ANS.:—The Sergeant, the Commanding 
Sergeant of the Precinct, the Inspector and 
the Sheriff of the county in which he is on 
duty. 

Ques. 40:—How many ranks are there 
in the force? 

ANS.:—Inspector, Sergeant and Patrol¬ 
man. 

Ques. 41:—In what manner is the force 
administered and where are the principal 
headquarters? 

ANS.:—The force is divided into two in¬ 
spection districts, one with headquarters at 
Kingston and the other with headquarters 
ai ‘ Valhalia. Each inspection district is 
subdivided into Precincts. Each Precinct 
has 3 Sergeants, one of whom is the com¬ 
manding officer of the Precinct. The offi¬ 
cial headquarters are at the office of the 
Board of Water Supply, 165 Broadway, 
Manhattan. 

Ques. 42:—What is the Board of Water 
Supply, and how constituted? 

ANS.:—The Board of Water Supply was 
created by act of the Legislature in 1905 
to assume charge of the building of an 
aqueduct from Ashokan watersheds in the 
Catskill Mountains to the City of New York 
for the purpose of conveying a water sup¬ 
ply to the city. The Board consists of 
three Commissioners, one of whom is Pres¬ 
ident of the Board. The Aqueduct police 
force is under the control and direction of 
the Board of Water Supply. 

35 



Ques. 43:—What evidence of appointment 
is given a Patrolman? 

ANS.:—He is given a certificate bearing 
his number, and he is given a shield. 

Ques. 44:—Who has the power to revoke 
the certificate of appointment? 

ANS.:—The Board of Water Supply and 
the Sheriff of the county in which the Pa¬ 
trolman’s precinct is located. 

Ques. 45:—Why has the Sheriff the pow¬ 
er to revoke? 

ANS.:—Because a Patrolman-on-Aque- 
duct has the powers of a peace officer in 
the various counties through which the 
Aqueduct passes. This gives him the right 
to make arrests by pursuing a fugitive into- 
any part of any of these counties, and under 
the law creating the Aqueduct force the 
Sheriff is given the power to revoke at 
will the certificate of appointment of any 
Aqueduct Patrolman. This peculiar power 
is given the Sheriff as an offset to the pe¬ 
culiar power given the Aqueduct Patrolman 
to leave his post, which is supposed to be 
in the immediate vicinity of the Aqueduct, 
and make arrests in a territory rightfully 
under the control of the Sheriff. 

Ques. 46:—In what counties has an Aque¬ 
duct Patrolman the powers of a Peace 
Officer? 

ANS.:—In Westchester, Putnam, Orange, 
Dutchess, Ulster and Greene counties. 

Ques. 47:—What must be done with the 
certificate of appointment after it is re¬ 
ceived? 

ANS.:—It must at all times be carried on 
the person of the Patrolman as evidence of 
his power as a Peace Officer and to enable 
the Sheriff to revoke it, if demanded. 

Ques. 48:—If you are transferred by your 
commanding officer, and fail to proceed 
directly to your new post, what charge can 
be preferred against you? 

ANS.:—Absence without leave. 

Ques. 49:—What are the duties of an 
Aqueduct Patrolman with regard to his 
horse? 

ANS.:—He is required to water, feed 
and groom the horse, as well as to keep 
his stall in a clean and sanitary condition. 

Ques. 50:—What would you do in case of 
sickness to your horse? 

. ANS.:—I would give such temporary re¬ 
lief as possible, and immediately report the 
occurrence to the Sergeant in command. 

Ques. 51:—In what laws are the duties of 
a Peace Officer to be found described? 

ANS.:—In the laws of the State of New 
York as given in the Penal Code and the 
Code of Criminal Procedure. 

Ques. 52:—What is required of a Patrol¬ 
man to do when meeting a superior officer? 

ANS.:—It is the duty of the Patrolman 
to salute the superior officer. 

Ques. 53:—In the case of an accident to a 
person or damage of property which might 


result in legal proceedings against the City 
of New York, what would be your duty? 

ANS.:—It would be my duty to secure 
the names and addresses of witnesses, if . 
possible, and forward them together with 
a report of the occurrence to my command- i 
ing officer. 

Ques. 54:—What steps are necessary in 
case you desire to resign? 

ANS.:—The resignation must be in writ¬ 
ing and must have the endorsement of my 
commanding officer stating that I have 
turned in all property of the Board in my 
possession. 

Ques. 55:—What effect on your connec¬ 
tion with the force would it have if you ab¬ 
sented yourself five days without permis¬ 
sion? 

ANS.:—It would be considered a resigna¬ 
tion. 

Ques. 56:—By whom would a leave of ab¬ 
sence for three days or less be granted? 

By whom a leave of absence for a period 
longer than three days? 

ANS.:—A leave of three days or less is 
granted by the Inspector; more than three 
days by the Board of Water Supply. 

Ques. 57:—Is it permissible for members 
of the force to exchange tours of duty? 

ANS.:—Not without the permission of 
the Inspector. 

Ques. 58:—Under what circumstances may 
you be suspended from duty? By whom? 
Are you free to do as you please while un¬ 
der suspension? 

ANS.:—The commanding officer can sus¬ 
pend me if he considers it necessary for 
discipline. In such cas-e I must remain in 
the vicinity of my quarters and am not en¬ 
titled to the usual off-duty leaves. 

Ques. 59:—What would you do in case 
you had to leave post without having op¬ 
portunity to report to the precinct station? 

ANS.:—I would make an entry in my 
memorandum book stating at what time I 
left post, for what purpose and the hour of 
returning to post. I would also report it 
to my commanding officer at the first op¬ 
portunity. 

Ques. 60: —Under what circumstances is it 
allowable to leave post without previously 
obtaining permission? 

ANS:.—Only under circumstances of 
great .importance, such as arresting a per¬ 
son who might otherwise escape, or being 
informed by a person that a serious crime 
was being committed at a place off my post. 

Ques. 61:—Ordinarily, if you wish to leave 
post, what would be your duty? 

ANS.:—To obtain permission of my com¬ 
manding officer and wait to be relieved. 

Ques. 62: —Suppose that the patrolman on 
the post next to yours informed you that 
there was a gang on his post that threat¬ 
ened to make serious trouble and asked you 




tc assist him to patrol his post until the 
danger was over, what would you do? 

ANS.:—I would inform him that I had no 
right to leave my post and advise him to . 
ask for help through the regular channels. 

If there were no time to do this, I would 
tell him to signal me when help might be 
wanted, and that I would then respond. 
Meanwhile I would keep at that end of my 
post nearest his post. 

Ques. 63:—For what purpose should you 
carry a memorandum book always with you 
while on duty? 

ANS.:—All arrests should promptly be 
entered in the Patrolman’s memorandum 
book, as also occurrences of any kind of 
violations of law relating to matters of 
which an Aqueduct Patrolman should take 
cognizance, or the names of witnesses in 
case of accident; also for unusual occur¬ 
rences of any kind. 

Ques. 64:—What would you do in case 
you required help from another Patrol¬ 
man? 

ANS.:—I would blow my whistle._ 

Ques. 65:—What would you do in case 
you lost your shield? 

ANS.:—I would immediately report it at 
the precinct house. 

Ques. 66.—What would you do in case a 
sick or injured person came into your 
charge? 

ANS.:—I would immediately remove him 
to the precinct station, unless there were 
near at hand some place where the neces¬ 
sary assistance could be given. 

Ques. 67:—What would be your duty in 
case you found something dangerous to 
health or safety on your post? 

ANS.:—I would immediately report it at 
the precinct station. 

Ques. 68:—In case you became aware of 
an epidemic of disease on the post of an¬ 
other Patrolman, would you be required to 
give it attention? W^hat if you became 
aware of a crime committed on another Pa¬ 
trolman’s post? Give reasons for the action 
you would take. 

ANS.:—It would not be part of my duty 
to go on the post of another, but it would 
be my duty to report such occurrences 
promptly to the precinct station. The rea¬ 
son is that such things require immediate 
attention, and should not be neglected be¬ 
cause they have not come under the notice 
of another Patrolman or have been neglect¬ 
ed by him. 

Ques. 69:—Why should a Patrolman ex¬ 
ercise caution in making arrests? 

ANS.:—Firstly, because it is an injury to 
an innocent person to be placed under ar¬ 
rest, and, secondly, because in case of false 
arrest I would be personally liable, unless 
acting under orders. 

Ques. 70:—After making an arrest requir¬ 
ing your attendance before a court, what 

would be your duty? 

ANS.:—To promptly report at the pre¬ 

37 


cinct house the disposition of the case, the 
name of the Justice who presided and the 
place where the court sat. 

Ques. 71:—What course would you fol¬ 
low after making an arrest? 

ANS.:—I would promptly report to the 
precinct house and then take my prisoner to 
the nearest court. 

Q" es - ‘-—Suppose that after making an 
“'WJ you .' being troubled with a sore foot, 
“'“knowing that another officer was about 
to attend that very court, would it be proper 

on r er y ?o U cou« for h you°P ffiCer ‘° the Pris ' 

ma A ke"h : rc N o°m P la e i„ a t USe "° °" e bUt 1 COuld 

„^ u ' s ’ 73 j—Suppose that while on duty 
you saw a horse run away and fall into an 
excavation connected with the construction 
of the Aqueduct. The owner tells you that 
it was his own fault. Would it be neces- 
sary for you to take any note of this? If so 
what would you do? ’ 

: It would be necessary to take 
note of it, for the reason that notwithstand¬ 
ing his statement that it was his own fault 

fh e p m r5 ht f Iater , ° n bHng a n action against 
f p ^° r dama £ es - I would therefore 

, n k n e p h / s name and address, note the injury 
done to the horse and wagon, and take the 
names and addresses of witnesses, if there 
any - . I would report the occurrence 

my tou P r of m patroi a “ 0n * the Conclusion of 

on /°“ r Po'st/whafwouM you do?** 1 3 

word tn thJ pra S tlcable > I would first send 
wS.f pre T ct house and then render 

what assistance I could at the fire; if not 
practicable to send word to the precinct sta- 

ai°d n fir 0 s n t SW ° f d i St ? nce ' 1 would lender 

aid first if the loss of time would otherwise 
likely prove serious. If the fire were a 
serious one, absolutely requiring a larger 
force, I would then first report it to the 
precinct station if I had to go myself and 
regardless of distance. y ■ d 

r Q u , es - 75:—What would you do if you 
found a man dying on your post and he in- 

°A n \Tq y °T that ,{? e bad been assaulted? 

ANb.. I would obtain from him a state¬ 
ment and enter his exact words in my mem¬ 
orandum book, so that it could be usTd^s 
evidence. If there were a place nearby 
where he could be given medical assistance 
I would remove him there and notify my 
precinct house, but regain with the pris^ 
oner until relieved. In case there were no 

! earer u th L an the P reci nct house to 
which he could be taken for medical atten- 

house. 1 W ° Uld ‘ ake him to the Precinct 

Ques. 76:—What would you do in case 
you found a dead body on your post? Would 
yo A \“ e it to find out the identity? 

ANb.. I would not examine the bodv 
further than to satisfy myself that it was 
dead. I would at once notify my precinct 
house, so that a Coroner could be sent for! 


and I would not allow any one to touch the 
body until the Coroner had arrived. 

Ques. 77:—Suppose a United States mail 
carrier struck an Aqueduct laborer in your 
presence and knocked him down without 
provocation. The laborer calls upon you 
to arrest the mail carrier. What would you 
do? Suppose that, instead of striking the 
laborer, the mail carrier shot him? Give 
reasons. 

ANS.:—A United States mail carrier can¬ 
not be interfered with while engaged in the 
performance of duty for a misdemeanor, 
but he can be for a felony. Striking the 
laborer would be a misdemeanor. In that 
case it would be my duty to place him un¬ 
der arrest, but permit him to complete his 
routine of duty. At the end of the routine 
I would take him into custody and then 
notify the post office with which he was 
connected. In case he committed a felony, 

I would take him into custody at once and 
then report the fact to the post office with 
which he was connected. If impracticable, 
on account of distance, to report to his 
post office, I would report to my precinct 
house, so that my commanding officer could 
attend to that. 

Ques. 78:—During the hours that you are 
off duty are you bound to take any notice 
of a crime committed within your knowl¬ 
edge? 

ANS.:—A peace officer is never off duty, 
even though not on active duty, and is 
therefore required to act the same as he 
would if on active duty. 

Ques. 79:—While patroling your post you 
come upon two men, one of whom has 
placed the other under arrest on a charge 
of stealing $10 from a friend. The alleged 
thief refused to acknowledge the right of 
the citizen to arrest him and tells you that 
you cannot arrest him because you did not 
witness the alleged offense. What would 
be your duty? 

ANS.:—The alleged offense being a mis¬ 
demeanor only, I would have no right to 
arrest without having seen the act com¬ 
mitted. But I could inform the citizen to 
exercise his right as a citizen and make 
the arrest by word of mouth and that I 
would then assist him to conduct the pris¬ 
oner to the nearest court. 

Ques. 80:—Whose duty would it be to 
make the complaint? 

ANS.:—It would be the duty of the citi¬ 
zen to make the complaint, because he 
would be the one who actually made the 
arrest. 

Ques. 81:—What would you do in case the 
charge was robbery accompanied by mur¬ 
derous assault? 

ANS.:—That being a felony, it would be 
my duty to make the arrest on the testi¬ 
mony of the person complaining; but I 
would detain the complainant as a witness. 

Ques. 82:—Just before the time of being 
relieved, on what part of your post should 
you be? 

38 


ANS.:—For about five minutes prior to 
the time for being relieved I should remain 
near the relieving point. 

Ques. 83:—What should be done to a 
horse after each tour of duty? 

ANS.:—The hoofs should be picked with 
a hoof pick. 

Ques. 84:—What should be done to 
horses after a tour of patrol in summer? 

ANS.:—Their backs should be washed 
and then dried with a sponge. 

Ques. 85:—What attention should be giv¬ 
en the horse when you are on reserve 
duty? 

ANS.:—It should be groomed, the soles 
as well as the outside of the hoofs washed, 
the legs should be thoroughly dry, especial¬ 
ly in the hollow of the pastern. On days 
off, the horse’s hoofs should be stuffed, but 
care taken to see that the hoofs are clean 
before stuffing. 

Ques. 86:—During what months should 
no water be used on a horse’s legs? 

ANS.:—From December 1st to May 1st. 

Ques. 87:—What limitations as to speed 
should be observed in riding on patrol 
duty? 

ANS.:—It should not be more than a 
moderate trotting pace, except in emer¬ 
gency. 

Ques. 88.—On what side of the road 
should a vehicle keep, especially at turns? 

ANS.:—Vehicles are supposed to always 
keep to the right side of the road. 

Ques. 89:—Two vehicles are passing in 
opposite directions. On which side of the 
road should each keep? 

ANS.:—Each should keep to his right- 
hand side of the road. 

Ques. 90:—Two vehicles are driving in 
the same direction. One wishes to pass the 
other. On what side should it pass? 

ANS.:—It should pass to the left of the 
vehicle in front of it. 

Ques. 91:—If you saw a sick horse being 
compelled to draw a heavy load or other 
cruelty to an animal, what would be your 
duty, and why? 

ANS.:—The Penal Code provides that 
any person perpetrating an act of cruelty 
upon an animal is guilty of a misdemeanor 
and enjoins upon police officers to arrest 
such persons and bring them before a court 
or magistrate. 

Ques. 92:—In case you reached the stable 
with your horse in a heated condition, what 
should be done before putting him in his 
stall? 

ANS.:—It would be well to throw a blan- 

•n t t? V ^ r ^ im , an< ^ ru k h* s l e g s > °r walk him 
till he is cool. 

Ques. 93:—What would you do if he were 
wet? 

ANS.:—Put him under shelter and whisp 
him against the hair until he became dry. 


Ques. 94:—When a horse is heated, what 
food may be given him? 

ANS.:—He should not be fed grain while 
heated, but hay will not hurt him. He 
should not be given water while heated. 

Ques. 95:—If your horse is brought in 
very heated and the day is hot, would it be 
well to throw cold water on him to cool 
him? 

ANS.:—It would not. 

Ques. 96:—How should the saddle cloth 
be placed? 

ANS.:—It should be placed well forward 
on the withers. The cloth should be slid 
once or twice from front to rear to smooth 
the hair. The cloth should be raised in 
bringing it forward. 

Ques. 97:—Where should the snafle-bit 
be placed? 

ANS.:—It should hang so as to touch but 
not draw up the corners of the mouth. 


Ques. 98:—Where should the mouthpiece 
of the curb-bit rest? 

ANS.:—The mouthpiece of the curb-bit 
should rest on that part of the bars directly 
opposite the chin groove; the curb strap or 
chain will then lie in the chin groove with¬ 
out any tendency to mount up out of it on 
the sharp bones of the lower jaw. This po¬ 
sition of the mouth-bits will be attained for 
the majority of horses by adjusting the 
check-straps so that the mouthpiece will be 
one inch above the tushes of the horse, and 
two inches above the corner teeth of the 
mare. 

Ques. 99:—How should the throat-latch 
be placed? 

ANS.:—The throat-latch should admit 
four fingers between it and the throat; this 
prevents constriction of the wind-pipe or 
pressure on the large blood vessels. 


Ques. 100:—Suppose, while you were on 
duty you were placed under arrest by a con¬ 
stable in a civil proceeding, what would you 
do? 

ANS.:—I would refuse to leave my post, 
for the reason that a police officer cannot 
be arrested on a civil process while on 
duty? 

Ques. 101:—Suppose you were summoned 
to do jury duty, could you disregard that? 

ANS.:—Yes. Because a police officer is 
not subject to jury duty. 

Ques. 102:—When two members of the 
force are on duty together, which is in com¬ 
mand? , • • 

ANS •—The highest in rank is in com¬ 
mand. In the case of two Patrolmen, the 
Patrolman who has seen the longest service 
is in command. 


Ques. 103:—What is an arrest? 

ANS.:—Taking a person jnto custody that 
he may be held for a crime. 


Ques. 104:—In what two ways may a 
peace officer make an arrest? 

ANS.:—He may make an arrest with or 
without a warrant. 

Ques. 105:—What is a warrant? 

ANS.:—A warrant is an order in writing, 
in the name of the People of the State, 
signed by a Magistrate, commanding the ar¬ 
rest of a defendant. 

Ques. 106:—Who are Magistrates? 

ANS.:—Justices of the Supreme Court, 
county judges and special county judges, 
justices of the peace, and other special jus¬ 
tices appointed or elected in a city, village 
or town; and the mayors of cities. 

Ques. 107:—What two kinds of crime are 
there? 

ANS.:—Felonies and misdemeanors. 

Ques. 108:—What is a felony? 

ANS.:—A felony is a crime which is or 
may be punished by either death or im¬ 
prisonment in a State prison. 

Ques. 109:—What is a misdemeanor? 

ANS.:—A misdemeanor is a crime less 
serious than a felony. Any crime that is 
not a felony is a misdemeanor. 

Ques. 110:—Aside from sitting as a judge, 
what important power has a Magistrate? 

ANS.:—He has the power to issue war¬ 
rants. 

Ques. Ill:—By whom can a warrant be 
served? Can it be served by a process 
server? 

ANS.:—A warrant, being for criminal of¬ 
fenses, can be served only by a peace officer, 
such as a sheriff, a constable or a police 
officer. A process server serves papers in 
civil proceedings. 

Ques. 112:—Why is it necessary that it 
be a peace officer to serve a warrant? 

ANS.:—Because he does not serve a mere 
notice to appear before the court, but goes 
to make an arrest. He has the power to use 
force in order to make the arrest. 

Ques. 113:—There are two ways in which 
a peace officer can make an arrest; that is, 
there are two different processes under 
which he can make an arrest. What are 
they? 

ANS.:—He can make an arrest with or 
without a warrant. 

Ques. 114:—Why does he not make all of 
his arrests either by means of a warrant 
or without a warrant?* 

ANS.:—A peace officer has the power to 
make an arrest without a warrant anywhere 
within the limits of his jurisdiction. A 
great many crimes, however, occur which 
do not come within his knowledge, and 
where complaint is made to a Magistrate. 
Also, in case an alleged crime is committed 
which the officer has not witnessed, and he 
is in doubt whether he is justified in mak¬ 
ing the arrest, it is the proper procedure, 
when possible, for the complainant to ap- 


39 


pear before a Magistrate and make his 
complaint, so that the Magistrate can use 
his judgment as to whether the alleged of¬ 
fense justifies the making of an arrest. He 
makes arrests without a warrant whenever 
he himself witnesses the offense, or when 
it is called to his attention that a felony has 
just been committed. If he had to go be¬ 
fore a court and get a warrant first, the of¬ 
fender might escape before the warrant 
could be served. Whenever a complaint is 
made to a Magistrate, the Magistrate issues 
a warrant and gives it to an officer to serve. 

Ques. 115:—Give your opinion as to why 
it would not be just as well for the Magis¬ 
trate to verbally instruct the officer to make 
the arrest, instead of giving him a written 
order? 

ANS.:—It is a more orderly process to 
make an arrest by means of a warrant than 
without one, and arrests without a warrant 
should only be made when they cannot 
equally well be made with a warrant. A 
peace officer is intended to preserve peace, 
not to .act as a judge. Under various cir¬ 
cumstances an offender can question the 
right of an officer to arrest him, but he can¬ 
not question immediate compliance with the 
order of a Magistrate. 

Ques. 116:—Members of the polic force 
of the City of New York may serve a war¬ 
rant in any part of the State, issued by any 
Magistrate in the State. Has an Aqueduct 
Patrolman the same power? 

ANS.:—He has not. The law under 
which the Aqueduct Police Force was cre¬ 
ated defined that the members of that force 
should have the powers of a peace officer 
only in the counties through which the 
Aqueduct passes, namely, Westchester, Put¬ 
nam, Orange, Dutchess, Ulster and Greene 
counties. 

Ques. 117:—Suppose that you have a war¬ 
rant to serve on three armed desperadoes. 
They draw their revolvers and threaten to 
shoot if you attempt to take them into cus¬ 
tody. What would you do? 

ANS.:—Under the provisions of Section 
169 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 
every person must aid an officer in the exe¬ 
cution of a warrant, if the officer require his 
aid and be present and acting in its execu¬ 
tion. I would therefore command a suffi¬ 
cient number of persons nearby to assist 
me in making the arrests. 

Ques. 118:—Would such persons sum¬ 
moned by you have the power to use weap¬ 
ons the same as yourself? 

ANS.:—While assisting me in making the 
arrest, or in escorting the prisoners after 
the arrest was made, they would have that 
power. 

Ques. 119:—Are there any restrictions as 
to the time when arrest may be made for 
felonies? For misdemeanors? 

ANS.:—Section 170 of the Code of Crim¬ 
inal Procedure provides that if the crime be 
a felony the arrest may be made at any 
time of the day or night. If the offense be 


a misdemeanor, the arrest cannot be made 
on Sunday or at night, unless by direction 
of the Magistrate indorsed on the warrant. 

Ques. 120:—What is an habitual criminal? 

ANS.:—An habitual criminal is one who 
has been adjudged as such by a court of 
competent jurisdiction under authority of 
Section 690 of the Penal Code. 

Ques. 121:—You have a warrant to serve 
and require aid. You call upon a citizen to 
assist, but he refuses on the ground that 
he is not a police officer. Can he lawfully 
refuse? 

ANS.:—!He cannot lawfully refuse, for 
the reason that Section 169 of the Code of 
Criminal Procedure provides that citizens 
must respond to a call from a police officer 
for assistance in serving a warrant, if the 
officer require the aid and be present and 
acting in its execution. 

Ques. 122:—At what times may an ar¬ 
rest for a felony under a warrant be made? 
At what times an arrest for a misdemeanor, 
under a warrant? 

ANS.:—According to Section 170 of the 
Code of Criminal Procedure, if the crime 
charged be a felony, the arrest may be made 
on any day and at any time of the day or 
night. If it be a misdemeanor, the arrest 
cannot be made on Sunday or at night, un¬ 
less by direction of the Magistrate endorsed 
upon the warrant. 

Ques. 123:—State two forms of an ar¬ 
rest. 

ANS.:—An arrest may be made by actual 
restraint of the person of the defendant, or 
by his submission to the custody of the of¬ 
ficer. 

Ques. 124:—What degree of restraint 
should be used in making an arrest? 

ANS.:—No more than necessary. 

Ques. 125:—In making an arrest under a 
warrant, is it necessary to show the war¬ 
rant? 

ANS.:—The defendant must be informed 
by the officer that he acts under a warrant, 
and he must also show the warrant, if re¬ 
quired. (Sec. 173, Code Crim. Pro.) 

Ques. 126:—Suppose that in attempting to 
serve a warrant, you are refused admission 
to the premises? Would you have the right 
to batter down a door or break a window? 

Sec. 175, of the Code of Criminal 
Procedure, provides that the officer may 
break open an outer or inner door or win¬ 
dow of any building, to execute the war¬ 
rant, if, after notice of his authority and 
purpose, he be refused admittance. 

127:—To what degree may force be 
used if there is resistance to the arrest Is 
it permissible to shoot? 

'If> after notice of intention to ar¬ 
rest the defendant, he either flee or forcibly 
resist, the officer may use all necessary 
means to effect the arrest. (Sec. 174, Code 
Crim. Pro.) 

He, therefore, has a right to shoot if nec¬ 
essary. 


Ques. 128:—In your opinion, under what 
circumstances would it be justifiable to 
shoot, and how would you shoot? 

ANS.:—When an officer serves a war¬ 
rant he is under the mandate of the court 
to produce the defendant. Nevertheless, in 
my opinion, it would hardly be justifiable to 
shoot a person charged with a petty of¬ 
fense, merely because he was trying to es¬ 
cape. Even if he gained a lead, I think it 
would be better to take my chances on be¬ 
ing able to overhaul him. In a serious case, 
if, after exhausting every effort to capture 
him, I found that he would almost certainly 
escape, I would shoot. 

First, I would shoot in the air several 
times to frighten him, and finally I would 
aim at the lower part of his legs. In case 
of a violent resistance, seriously endanger¬ 
ing my own life, I would also shoot as a 
last resort. In my opinion the defendant 
rarely wishes to kill the officer, but only de¬ 
sires to escape, and I believe that shooting 
should be resorted to only in extreme cases. 

Ques. 129:—After making an arrest for a 
felony under a warrant, what disposition 
should be made of the prisoner? 

ANS.:—If the crime charged in the war¬ 
rant be a felony, the officer making the ar¬ 
rest must take the defendant before the 
Magistrate who issued the warrant. If that 
Magistrate be absent or unable to act, the 
defendant must be taken before the nearest 
or most accessible Magistrate in the same 
county. The officer must at the same time 
deliver to the Magistrate the warrant, with 
his return indorsed and subscribed by him. 
(Secs. 158, 164, Code Crim. Pro.) 

Ques. 130:—What disposition should be 
made of the prisoner in an arrest on a war¬ 
rant for a misdemeanor? 

ANS.:—If the crime charged in the war¬ 
rant be a misdemeanor, and the defendant 
be arrested in another county, the officer 
must, upon being required by the defend¬ 
ant, take him before a Magistrate in that 
county, who must admit the defendant to 
bail, for his appearance before the Magis¬ 
trate named in the warrant, and take bail 
from him accordingly. On taking bail the 
Magistrate must certify that fact on the 
warrant, and deliver the warrant and under¬ 
taking of bail to the officer having charge 
of the defendant. The officer must then dis¬ 
charge the defendant from arrest, and, with¬ 
out delay, deliver the warrant and under¬ 
taking to the Magistrate before whom the 
defendant is required to appear. ( Secs. 159, 
160, Code Crim. Pro.) 

Ques. 131:—State as well as you can the 
power and authority to immediately arrest, 

without warrant. , 

ANS •—Members of the police force have 
power and authority to immediately arrest, 
without warrant, and to take into custody, 
any person who shall commit, or threaten, 
or attempt to commit, in the presence of 
such member, or within his view, any 
breach of the peace or offense directly pro¬ 
hibited by act of the Legislature, or by any 
ordinance made by lawful authority. Any 

41 


member of the police force may arrest with¬ 
out warrant any person who shall, in view 
of such member, violate, or do, or be en¬ 
gaged in doing or committing, any act or 
thing forbidden by any law of the State, or 
any ordinance of the city or county in 
which he serves, or who shall, in such pres¬ 
ence, resist or be engaged in resisting the 
lawful enforcement of any such law or ordi¬ 
nance or any official order made pursuant 
to any statute of this State. And any per¬ 
son so arrested shall thereafter be treated, 
disposed of and punished as any other per¬ 
son duly arrested for misdemeanor unless 
other provision is made for the case by law. 
A peace officer may, without .a warrant, ar¬ 
rest a person for a crime committed or at¬ 
tempted in his presence; when the person 
arrested has committed a felony, although 
not in his presence; or when a felony in 
fact has been committed, and he has rea¬ 
sonable cause for believing the person to be 
arrested to have committed it. 

Ques. 132:—What would you do in case 
that you were about to make an arrest for 
a felony or an attempt to commit a felony, 
and you found the doors of the house 
barred to you and admission refused? 

ANS.:—I would state that I was an offi¬ 
cer of the law, and that I came to make an 
arrest on such and such charge and I would 
demand admittance. If admittance were 
refused, I would force the door, or a win¬ 
dow, to effect an entrance. 

Ques. 133:—Suppose that the person you 
sought to arrest had committed no felony 
or attempted felony in your presence, but 
that you believed he had committed one. 
Would you have the right to arrest him on 
suspicion? 

ANS.:—Section 178 of the Code of Crim¬ 
inal Procedure provides that in the case of 
a felony, the officer has the right to make 
the arrest on belief. 

Ques. 131:—Suppose that it afterward ap¬ 
peared that the person thus arrested was 
innocent, could you be held personally lia¬ 
ble? 

ANS.:—Not if a felony had been com¬ 
mitted although committed by another 
person. 

Ques. 135:—In making an arrest without 
a warrant, is it necessary to make any ex¬ 
planation to the defendant? 

ANS.:—When arresting a person with¬ 
out a warrant the officer must inform him 
of the authority of the officer and the cause 
of the arrest, except 4 when the person ar¬ 
rested is in the actual commission of a 
crime, or is pursued immediately after an 
escape. (Sec. 180, Code Crim. Pro.) 

Ques. 136:—Would it be compulsory upon 
you to take before a Magistrate a prisoner 
arrested by a bystander and delivered to 
you? 

ANS.:—The Criminal Code does not make 
it compulsory, but states that a peace offi¬ 
cer may take before a Magistrate a person 
who, being engaged in a breach of the 


peace, is arrested by a bystander and deliv¬ 
ered to him. (Sec. 181, Code Crim. Pro.) 

Ques. 137:—Suppose you witness, or have 
your attention called to an abandonment of 
a child or an act of cruelty to a child? Is 
it optional or compulsory on you to make 
an arrest? 

ANS.:—A constable or police officer must 
arrest and bring before a court or Magis¬ 
trate having jurisdiction, any person offend¬ 
ing against any of the provisions of Chapter 
III, Sections 287-293, of the Penal Code, 
which relates to abandonment and other 
acts of cruelty to children. 

Ques. 138:—Would there be the same ob¬ 
ligation on your part in case of cruelty to 
animals? Also, what would you do in case 
you saw some one interfering with an agent 
of a society for the prevention of cruelty 
tc animals engaged in the performance of 
his duty? 

ANS.:—A constable or police officer must 
arrest and bring before a court or Magis¬ 
trate having jurisdiction any person offend¬ 
ing against any of the provisions of that 
title of the Penal Code (Secs. 655 to 669, 
inclusive), relating to cruelty to animals. 
Any person who shall interfere with or ob¬ 
struct an officer or agent of a society for 
the prevention of cruelty to animals, in the 
exercise of his rights as such officer or 
agent, shall be guilty of a misdeameanor. 
(Sec. 668, Penal Code.) 

Ques. 139:—Under what circumstances 
may a private person make an arrest? 

ANS.:—If a crime has been committed 
or attempted in his presence, or if the per¬ 
son arrested has committed a felony, even 
though not committed in the presence of 
the person making the arrest. 

Ques. 140:—What must a private person 
do before making an arrest? 

ANS.:—He must inform the defendant 
the cause of the arrest and require him to 
submit; but if he is actually committing 
the crime or escaping after the commission 
of a crime, no explanation is necessary. 

Ques. 141:—What must a private person 
do with his prisoner after making the ar¬ 
rest? 

ANS.:—He must without unnecessary de¬ 
lay bring him before a Magistrate or de¬ 
liver him to a peace officer. 

Ques. 142:—Suppose that a surety wishes 
to surrender the defendant before he has 
been finally charged, would he have a legal 
right to arrest the defendant or cause him 
to be arrested by another private party? 

ANS.:—Section 591 of the Code of Crim¬ 
inal Procedure provides that under the 
stated circumstances and at any place with¬ 
in the State, the surety may himself arrest 
the defendant, or, by a written authority in¬ 
dorsed on a certified copy of the undertak¬ 
ing, may empower any person of suitable 
age and discretion to do so. 


and for the purpose of turning over the 
prisoner to the officer, need he lay hands 
on the prisoner? 

ANS.:—It is not necessary for him to lay 
hands on the prisoner. He need only say, 
“I place you under arrest.” The officer is 
then obliged to take the prisoner into cus¬ 
tody, although the private person is the one 
who must sign the complaint. 

Ques. 144:—When may a person adjudged 
as an habitual criminal be arrested as a dis¬ 
orderly person? 

ANS.:—A person who has been adjudged 
an habitual criminal is liable to arrest sum¬ 
marily with or without warrant, and to pun¬ 
ishment as a disorderly person, when he is 
found without being able to account there¬ 
for, to the satisfaction of the court or mag¬ 
istrate, either (1) in possession of any 
deadly or dangerous weapons, or of any 
tool, instrument or material, adapted to, or 
used by criminals for, the commission of 
crime; or (2) in any place or situation, un¬ 
der circumstances giving reasonable ground 
to believe that he is intending or waiting 
the opportunity to commit some crime. 
(Sec. 512, Code Crim. Pro.) 

Ques. 145:—By what Magistrates may a 
warrant be issued which may be directed for 
execution to any peace officer in the State? 

ANS.:—If the warrant be issued by a Jus¬ 
tice of the Supreme Court, recorder, city 
judge or judge of a court of general ses¬ 
sions in the City and County of New York, 
oi by a county judge, or by the recorder 
of a city where jurisdiction is conferred 
by law upon such recorder, or by a judge of 
the city court, it may be directed generally 
to any peace officer in the State, and may 
be executed by any of those officers to 
whom it may be delivered. (Sec. 155, Code 
Crim. Pro.) 


yues. 146:—If it be issued by a Magis¬ 
trate of lesser jurisdiction, within what lim- 

ltS A m 2 * , dlrec ted to a peace officer? 

AJNb.: If it be issued by any other Mag¬ 
istrate, it may be directed generally to any 
peace officer in the county in which it is 
issued, and may be executed in that county 
or, if the defendant be in another county’ 
it may be executed therein upon the writ¬ 
ten direction of a Magistrate of such other 
county endorsed upon the warrant, signed 
k?+!? im - Wlt k ^ 1S name of office, and dated 
at the city, town or village where it is made 
to the folowiingeffect: “This warrantmay 
be execmed in the County of Monroe” (or 

Pro.) 6 CaS6 may be) ' <SeC ' 156 ’ Code Crim. 
mS UeS V 147: .~ Wha t disposition must be 

Co y de h0 C U r r im 0f ^r 6 ) day <S~ U 


Ques. 143:—When a private person makes 
an arrest in the presence of a peace officer 


Vues. 148: If the warrant of a Coroner 
in one county were placed in your ha£ds 


42 


for execution in another county, would it 
be legal for you to attempt to serve it? 

ANS.:—A Coroner’s warrant (issued un¬ 
der Secs. 780 and 781, Code of Criminal 
Procedure) may be served in any county; 
and the officer serving it must proceed 
thereon, in all respects, as upon a warrant 
of arrest on an information, except that 
when served in another county it need not 
be endorsed by a Magistrate of that county. 
(Sec. 782, Code Crim. Pro.) 

Ques. 149:—What is the difference be¬ 
tween serving in another county a bench 
warrant and an ordinary warrant? 

ANS.:—A bench warrant may be served 
in any county, in the same manner as a 
warrant of arrest, except that when served 
in another county it need not be endorsed 
by a Magistrate of that county. (Secs. 304, 
478, Code Crim. Pro.) 

Ques. 150:—Because you had under sus¬ 
picion a person convicted as an habitual 
criminal would you have the right to re¬ 
peatedly search his residence? 

ANS.:—The person and the premises of 
every one who has been convicted and ad¬ 
judged an habitual criminal shall be liable 
at all times to search and examination, by 


any Magistrate, Sheriff, Constable or other 
officer, with or without warrant. (Sec. 514, 
Code Crim. Pro.) 

Ques. 151:—Suppose that you make an 
arrest and the offender is rescued by 
friends. Three weeks later you encounter 
him. Have you a right to rearrest him with¬ 
out a warrant? Would the case be any dif¬ 
ferent if, instead of being rescued, he had 
escaped by running away? 

ANS.:—If a person arrested escape or be 
rescued, the person from whose custody he 
escaped or was rescued, may immediately 
pursue and retake him, at any time, and in 
any place in the State. (Sec. 186, Code 
Crim. Pro.) It makes no difference whether 
he escapes or is rescued. 

Ques. 152:—You are pursuing an escaped 
prisoner. He runs into his house and bolts 
the doors and windows. Would you have 
the right to enforce entrance? 

ANS.:—To retake the person escaping or 
rescued, the person pursuing may, after no¬ 
tice of his intention and refusal of admit¬ 
tance, break open an outer or inner door 
or window of a building. (Sec. 187, Code 
Crim. Pro.) 


REPORT WRITING. 


Reports should be written in narrative 
form, that is, about the same as one would 
tell the occurrence verbally to a superior 
officer, except that they should be as brief 
as possible, but omitting no essential 
facts. The following are typical reports 
specially written for the Chronicle by one 
of the most experienced and ablest Lieu¬ 
tenants. on the Force, and may be consid¬ 
ered ideal types: , 

The abbreviations used signify as fol¬ 
lows- “W,” white; “U. S.,” United States; 
“M,” Married; “S,” Single; “R & W,” (can) 
Read and Write; S H, Station House. 


GENERAL SUGGESTIONS. 

In making reports of crime patrolnien 
should confine themselves to a general de¬ 
scription of the crime and make no attempt 
to classify it under a section number of the 
Penal Code, Charter or Ordinances; being 
particular to state all the facts, whether 
they be direct or facts based on sus¬ 
picion; the time of the occurrence, locality 
and its common reputation; names and ad¬ 
dresses of complainants and witnesses; de¬ 
scription of unknown persons, disposition 
and approximate value of property in¬ 
volved, and action taken by patrolman mak- 

m It 'Ts^the policy of the Police Adminis¬ 
tration to never leave a post uncovered un¬ 


less, under extraordinary circumstances, it 
becomes necessary. Exceptions are left 
to the judgment of the man on post. 
It is not necessary that all reports shall 
be immediately forwarded to the police 
station. There are many that are of such 
minor importance that it is not neces¬ 
sary to submit them until the end of the 
tour of patrol. There are others of semi¬ 
importance which may be forwarded 
through the channels of a telephone to the 
station. It is necessary to report important 
ones without delay. An officer, if possible, 
before leaving post, should notify his side 
partners, in order that they extend their 
posts to include his during the time of his 
absence. 

For example, an auto accidentally col¬ 
liding with another auto, causing damage, 
and no arrests made. The report could 
wait until the end of the tour; but if an oc¬ 
cupant of the damaged auto was injured 
and taken to a hospital, the report should 
be taken to the station forthwith. If the 
injured person refused medical attention or 
accepted it and left for home, the report 
may be delayed until the end of the tour. 
In every case it is left to the intelligence 
of the patrolman as to the importance in¬ 
volved. 

A good rule to decide importance is for 
the patrolman to make himself acquainted 
with the action incumbent upon the Lieu¬ 
tenant on desk duty receiving the report; 

43 





that is, will-he have to. take action in for- 
warding report to other departments im¬ 
mediately, or at some future time? 


1. A RUNAWAY. 

At 10.20 this A- M. a runaway horse at¬ 
tached to a buggy and going south on 7th 
Ave. was stopped by me between 125 and 
126 Streets. In about 15 minutes John 
Smith, residing at 111 West 52 Street, 
a driver for the Buckingham Stables, of 
54 West 48 St., telephoned Plaza 25, 
claimed the property, which statement was 
corroborated by phone by Wm. Jones, 
supt. of stables. Property delivered to 
Smith and receipt taken. No damage to 
private or public property. No persons 
injured. Resumed patrol. 

PATROLMAN JAMES JONES, 
Shield No. 216. 

(NOTE:—The above is susceptible to 
many changes according to facts involved. 
Injury to persons, possibly requiring am¬ 
bulance; to horse, if he be injured to the 
extent of requiring his destruction; notice 
to Animal Society; action in case of no 
claimant for runaway; damage to private 
or public property; collision with other 
vehicles.) 


2. RECKLESS DRIVING. 

(NOTE:—A reckless driver is a person 
who operates an auto or other vehicle, and 
drives on the streets with a reckless disre¬ 
gard for the comfort and safety of others.) 

At 9.10 A. M., John Smith, residing at 
123 West 23 St., 21 years; white; U. S.; 
R. & W.; single; driver for Jones & Co.’s 
Hardware, 127 B’way, while traveling north 
on B’way at 28 St., drove his horse in 
such a reckless manner as to endanger 
the lives and limbs of James White, 32 
West 19 St., and Peter Brown, 22 East 83 
St., traveling east on crosswalk at the time. 

Served with summons No. 12, returnable 
9 A. M., 10th inst., 2d Dist. Court. 

White and Brown, complainants, noti¬ 
fied of time, date and court. 

PATROLMAN HENRY CLARKE, 

Shield No. 63. 

(NOTE:—Before serving a summons in¬ 
quiry should be made as to whether the of¬ 
fender is provided with a Police Identifica¬ 
tion Card or not. If not, under the liberal 
enforcement of the law in making arrests 
in minor cases, adopted by the present police 
administration, if the offender can be sat¬ 
isfactorily identified to the arresting offi¬ 
cer, a summons may be served.) 


3. ARRESTING A BURGLAR. 

At 2 this A. M., while trying doors on 
posts 3-4, I discovered that the door lead¬ 


ing- into & jewelry store at 118 Bawery, 
owned by Wm. Jones, residing at 325 West 
125th St., on post 3, was unlocked. I en¬ 
tered and discovered concealed in a closet 
at the rear of the store Henry Smith, 216 
Grand St., 30 years, W-, U. S., laborer, M„ 
R. & W. I placed him under arrest and 
brought him to the street, where I rapped 
for assistance. Answered by Patrol¬ 
men Martin, O’Neil and Casey of adjoin¬ 
ing posts. The place was searched and it 
was discovered that the door had been 
forced open with a jimmy, which was found 
on the floor of the closet in which Smith 
was concealed; also on a show case lay a 
handkerchief stained with blood, containing 
jewelry of the approximate value of $100. 
Smith denied ownership of the handker¬ 
chief, but upon examination it was discov¬ 
ered he had a deep fresh cut in the palm of 
his right hand, which he did not satisfac¬ 
torily explain. Owner notified at home by 
phone located in store. Prisoner searched, 
and on his person was found a metal ring 
containing 18 keys of assorted sizes and 
shapes of the kind generally used in open¬ 
ing large locks. No weapon discovered on 
him. The prisoner, jimmy, keys and jewel- 
ry were taken to station, assisted by Ptm. 
Martin; O’Neil covering store. Casey left 
to patrol posts 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6. 3.45 A. M. 

returned to patrol, with instructions from 
Desk Lieutenant to make store special post 
and cover until further orders; Martin to 
patrol posts 1, 2, 3, 4; O’Neil on 5; Casey 
on 6. 


4. STREET CAR COLLISION. 

At 6.30 this A. M. James Jones, of 161 
West 62d St., driver for the Sweet Mill 
Dairy Company, of 237 West 125 St., trav 
elmg east across surface tracks at the in 
tersection of 70 St. and Central Park 
collided with car No. 172 of the Met 
ropolitan R. R. line going south on Rui 
6 , Gripman John Smith, 116 West 54 St. 
Badge 10; Conductor, Henry Dick, 125 j 
Ave., Badge 231. Breaking 3 windows o 
front vestibule of car, and shaft of wagon 
No complaint. Amount of damage no 
given. 

Witnesses: Henry White, 216 Spring St. 
Thomas Black, 127 West 19 St., and Pa 
trolman Henry Nally, Shield No. 216. 

Resumed patrolling posts 6, 7, 8. 


5. FINDING STORE DOOR OPEN. 

At 3 * h , ls A - M., while trying doors c 
post 6, I found door of hardware store 1< 
cated at 127 Ninth Ave., owned by Joh 
bmith, home address unknown, unlocke 
entered, made a thorough investigate 
discovered no evidence of burglary. Rappe 
for Patrolman Blank, on post 7, who r 
sponded and covered store until I could e 
to station house and procure a police loc 
and chain. Returned, secured door left 
note on outside store door explaining ci 


44 







cumstances to proprietor, requesting police 
property to be safely kept until called for. 
Myself and Patrolman Blank resumed pa¬ 
trolling posts 6 & 7, respectively. During 
the tour I gave special attention to the 
place, instructing my relief of circum¬ 
stances. 

PETER KLEIN, 
Patrolman No. 16. 


6. DISCOVERING A FIRE. 

At 3 this A. M. discovered flames from 
the windows of 3d floor of No. 235 East 
82d St., on post 6, which is a five-story ten¬ 
ement house. I sent in an alarm from fire 
box No. 18, located on 3d Ave. & 82d St., 
while returning to the scene of the fire 
constantly sending out 3-alarm raps and 
blowing whistle calls. Was responded to 
by Sergeant Smith and Patrolmen Jones, 
Casey & Williams. Entered house, aroused 
inmates and ordered them to the street. 
Discovered flames burning fiercely on sec¬ 
ond floor and took such measures to put 
them out as were possible, until the arrival 
of Engine Co. No. 22, of the Fire Depart¬ 
ment. Sergt. Smith, in charge, notified S. 
H. At 4.35 A. M. fire extinguished. Sergt. 
Smith made a special post of the locality, 
assigning me to cover it until relieved, 
directing Patrolman Jones to extend post 5 
so as to include posts 6-7. 

JOHN COYLE, 

Plm. No. 20. 


7. PATROLMAN ATTACKED BY A 
GANG. 

At 1 this A. M., while patroling post 12 
and traveling west through 98th St., be¬ 
tween 2d and 3d Aves., I discovered a 
gang of ten young men, all apparently less 
than 20 years old, sitting on some lumber 
in front of 156 East 98th St., a lumber 
yard, singing and yelling in a loud and dis¬ 
orderly manner. I directed them to leave 
the place, whereupon John Smith, of 216 
East 90th St., 18 years, W., U. S., unem¬ 
ployed. S., R. & W., struck at me with a 
tin pail held in his hand. I struck him on 
the right wrist, knocking the pail from his 
hand, and immediately repeated the blow 
across his shins, knocking him down. Dur¬ 
ing the time the gang was trying to sur¬ 
round and making efforts to strike and kick 
me. Fired a shot in the air to attract at¬ 
tention of side partners. P’lm. Jones, Kline 
& McCarthy responded, Kline covering 12, 
13, 14, 19, 21. The gang scattered and 
Smith was placed under arrest and taken to 
the station house, with the assistance of 
Patrolman Jones. At 2.30 A. M. resumed 
patrolling posts 12, 13, 14. June 19 ar¬ 
raigned before Magistrate Blank and sen¬ 
tenced to 30 days on Blackwell’s Island. 

JAMES MAHR, 

Plm. No. 516. 

45 


8. ARRESTING DISORDERLY CHAR¬ 
ACTER. 

At 8.30 this P. M. arrested John Smith, 
of 216 West 18th St., 17, W., U. S., unem¬ 
ployed, S., R. & W., in front of licensed 
liquor store, 412 Tenth Ave., owned by Jas. 
White charging him with standing in 
company with four other young men and 
trying to pull down a sign, labeled “George 
Ehret’s Bock Beer,” from a side window 
of said place. The proprietor of the place 
appeared as complainant. 9.30 P. M., ar¬ 
raigned in Night Court before Judge Ken¬ 
nedy and fined $1. 

10.30 reported to station house with dis¬ 
position of case and left to resume pa¬ 
trol. 

d. f. McCarthy, 

Sergeant, Shield No. 14. 


9. FINDING SICK PERSON ON POST. 

At 10 this P. M. I discovered John Smith, 
aged 60 years, laborer, sitting in doorway 
of 327 E. 80th St., suffering from an attack 
of gastritis. He informed me that he was 
out of work and lived with the family of 
his son, Peter Smith, at 340 East 86th St. 
He asked for medical attention. At 10.15 
was attended by Dr. Jones and taken to 
Blank Hospital. Notified station house 
through public telephone No. 16, located at 
drug store, 1090 3d Ave., and was instructed 
to direct Patrolman Kline, on post 13, to 
include post 12 and leave to notify relatives 
of Smith, who stated they would go to the 
hospital. 

10.45 P. M. returned to post, sent report 
by same phone to station house, and re¬ 
sumed patroling post 12, Patrolman Kline 
now patroling post 13. 

WILLIAM JONES. 

Plm. No. 1140. 


10. FINDING A LOST CHILD. 

At 7 this P. M., on the corner of 3d Ave. 
& 80th St., I found a girl aged six years, 
light brown hair, blue eyes, light complex¬ 
ion, no hat, blue ribbon in hair, white dress, 
brown stockings, tan laced shoes. Was 
crying and said that her name was Mary 
Mack, but she did not know where she 
lived. Said that she had no father, and 
her mother worked out; could not give 
nature of employment; unknown in neigh¬ 
borhood. 

8 P. M., taken to station house, Patrol¬ 
man Mulligan covering posts 13-14. 

8.15. returned to patrol post 13, Patrol¬ 
man Mulligan patroling 14. 

9 P. M., returned to station house by or¬ 
der of Desk Lieutenant and took lost child 
to the rooms of the S. P. C. C., 25th St. 
and 4th Ave. Plm. Mulligan patrolling 
13-14. 

10 A. M., reported back to station house 
with disposition of child and left to resume 






patrolling post 13, Patrolman Mulligan pa¬ 
trolling post 14. 

PATROLMAN JOHN DOYLE, 

Shield No. 46. 


11. PUSH CART VIOLATION. 

At 10 this A. M., George Dondugo, 127 
Hester St., 30 years, white, Greek, peddler, 
M., R. & W., arrested, in front of 327 East 
Grand St., charged with failing to have the 
figures of his peddler license painted on 
the outside of his push cart. Arraigned be¬ 
fore Magistrate X. of 1st Court and 
fined $1. 

Patrolman Jones covering posts 6 and 7 
from 10 to 11.30. 

11.30, resumed patroling post 6, Jones on 
7. Station house notified of disposition of 
case from court by phone. 

PATROLMAN JOHN BROWN, 

Shield No. 16. 


12 MOVING PICTURE VIOLATION. 

At 2 this P. M. arrested John Smith, 116 
Grand St., 40 years, W., U. S., showman, 
R. & W., the proprietor of moving picture 
show at 218 Bowery, operating under com¬ 
mon show and vaudeville license No. 130, 
for permitting Tessie Jones, aged 14 years, 
residing at 120 Hester St., to enter and 
remain in said place from 1.30 to 2 this 
P. M. during the time of her performance, 
without parent or guardian. Notified par¬ 
ents and S. P. C. C. 

3 P. M., arraigned in 1st Court before 
Magistrate X. and fined $5. 

Patrolman John Smead patrolling posts 
10 and 11 from 2 to 3.30 P. M. Resumed 
patrolling post 10 at 3.30 P. M.; Patrolman 
Smede on 11. Notified station house from 
phone 19, No. 240 Bowery, of disposition 
of case. 

PATROLMAN JOHN WHITE, 
Shield No. 182. 


13. CONTAGIOUS DISEASE ON POST. 

At 1 this P. M., John Smith, janitor of 
No. 245 East 86th St., reported to me that 
a child was lying sick on third floor of 
said house, suffering from what he be¬ 
lieved to be a contagious disease, as the 
odor of a strong disinfectant was apparent 
in the hallways. I interviewed the occu¬ 
pants of the apartments and was informed 
by Mary Jones that her boy, George, was 
suffering from a bad sore throat and a 
neighbor thought it might be diphtheria, 
and that she had sent for her family physi¬ 
cian. I instructed Mrs. Jones to allow no 
person to enter or leave her apartments 
until it was decided by a physician from 
the Board of Health as to the nature of the 
illness. 

Notified station house from Phone No. 
40, located at 112 Second Ave. 

PETER WHITE, 
Patrolman No. 86. 

NOTE:—The S. H. would notify Board 
of Health. 


14. VIOLATION OF CITY ORDI¬ 
NANCE. 

At 9 this A. M. arrested Peter Jones, 218 
Ave. A, 40 years, W., U. S., painter, M., 
R. & W., for emptying a pail of coal tar 
in the sewer drain on northeast corner Ave¬ 
nue A and 81st St. Station house notified 
by phone No. 18 Plaza. 

10 A. M., arraigned before Magistrate 
X., 6th Court; fined $2. 

Patrolman Doyle covering posts 10-11 
from 9 to 10.30 A. M. Resumed patrolling 
post 10 at 10.30 A. M. Disposition of case 
forwarded to station house from phone No. 
20 , located at 1315 Ave. A. 

JOHN SMITH, 
Patrolman No. 916. 




46 






DUTIES OF THE FORCE 


The following are official rules of the 
New York Police Department: 


ARRESTS. 

RULE 33. 

1 . Section 315 of the Charter provides 
as follows: 

“It is hereby made the duty of the police 
department and force, at all times of day 
and night, and the members of such force 
are hereby thereunto empowered, to espe¬ 
cially preserve the public peace, prevent 
crime, detect and arrest offenders, suppress 
riots, mobs and insurrections, disperse un¬ 
lawful or dangerous assemblages, and as¬ 
semblages which obstruct the free passage 
of public streets, sidewalks, parks and 
places; protect the rights of persons and 
property, guard the public health, preserve 
order at elections and all public meetings 
and assemblages; regulate, .direct, control, 
restrict and direct the movement of all 
t^ams, horses, carts, wagons, automobiles 
and all other vehicles in streets, bridges, 
squares, parks and public places, for the 
facilitation of traffic and the convenience of 
the public as well as the proper protection 
of human life and health, and to that end 
the Police Commissioner shall make such 
rules and regulations for the conduct of 
vehicular traffic in the use of the public 
streets, squares and avenues as he may 
deem necessary; remove all nuisances in 
the public streets, parks and highways; ar¬ 
rest all street mendicants and beggars; pro¬ 
vide proper police attendance at fires; as¬ 
sist, advise and protect emigrants, strangers 
and travelers in public streets, at steamboat 
and ship landings, and at railroad stations; 
carefully observe and inspect all places of 
public amusement, all places of business 
having excise or other license to carry on 
any business; all houses of ill fame or pros¬ 
titution, and houses where common prosti¬ 
tutes resort or reside; all lottery offices, pol¬ 
icy shops and places where lottery tickets 
or lottery policies are sold or offered for 
sale; all gambling houses, cock pits, rat 
pits and public common dance houses, and 
to repress and restrain all unlawful and dis¬ 
orderly conduct or practices therein; en¬ 
force and prevent the violation of all laws 
and ordinances in force in said city; and 
for these purposes to arrest all persons 
guilty of violating any law or ordinance for 
the suppression or punishment of crimes or 
offenses.” 


ARREST ON CRIMINAL CHARGES. 
Definitions. 

2 . A peace officer is a sheriff of a county, 
or his under-sheriff or deputy, or a consta¬ 


ble, marshal, police constable, or policeman 
of a city, town or village. (Sec. 154, Code 
Crim. Pro.) 

3. Section 668 of the Penal Code declares 
that the officers and agents of all duly in¬ 
corporated societies for the prevention of 
cruelty to animals or children are peace 
officers within the provisions of Section 154 
of the Code of Criminal Procedure. But 
Section 4 of Chapter 490, Laws of 1888, 
provides that no officer or agent of any 
society incorporated for the purpose of pre¬ 
venting cruelty to animals shall exercise 
any powers or functions conferred by Sec¬ 
tion 668 of the Penal Code until he shall 
have been first duly authorized in writing 
by the sheriff of the county wherein the 
same are to be exercised. 

4. A crime is an act or omission forbid¬ 
den by law, and punishable upon conviction 
by death, or imprisonment, or fine, or re¬ 
moval from office, or disqualification to 
hold any office, or disqualification to 
hold any office of trust, honor or profit 
under the State, or other penal discipline. 
(Sec. 3, Penal Code.) 

5. A crime is either a felony or a misde¬ 
meanor. (Sec. 4, Penal Code.) 

6. A felony is a crime which is or may be 
punishable by either death or imprisonment 
in a State prison. (Sec. 5, Penal Code.) 

7. Any other crime is a misdemeanor. 
(Sec. 6, Penal Code.) 

8. The following persons are Magistrates: 
The justices of the supreme court, the 
judges of any city court, the county judges 
and special county judges, the city judges 
of the City of New York, and the judges of 
the court of general sessions in the City 
and County of New York, the justices of 
the peace, the police and other special jus¬ 
tices, appointed or elected in a city, village 
or town, and the mayors and recorders of 
cities. But in the City of New York the 
only Magistrates authorized to commit chil¬ 
dren to institutions are the justices of the 
supreme court, the recorder, the city judges 
of the City of New York, and judges au¬ 
thorized to hold the court of general ses¬ 
sions, and the police justices. (Sec. 147, 
Code Crim. Pro.) 

9. A magistrate has power to issue a war¬ 
rant for the arrest of a person charged with 
a crime. (Sec. 146, Code Crim. Pro.) 

10. Arrest is the taking of a person into 
custody, that he may oe held to answer for 
a crime. (Sec. 167, Code Crim. Pro.) 

11. An arrest may be by a peace officer 
under a warrant; by a peace officer without 
a warrant; or by a private person. (Sec. 
168, Code Crim. Pro.) 

12. A warrant is an order in writing, in 
the name of the people of the State, signed 
by a magistrate, commanding the arrest of 
a defendant. 

13. An habitual criminal is one who has 
been adjudged to be such by a court of 


47 





competent jurisdiction under authority of 
Section 690 of the Penal Code. 


ARREST BY AN OFFICER UNDER A 
WARRANT. 

14. Section 337 of the Charter provides as 
follows: 

“The members of the police force shall 
possess in the City of New York and in 
every part of this State, all the common law 
and statutory powers of constables, except 
for the service of civil process, and any 
warrant for search or arrest, issued by any 
magistrate of this State, may be executed, 
in any part thereof, by any member of the 
police force, and all the provisions of sec¬ 
tions.’seven, eight and nine of chapter two, 
title two, part four of the revised statutes, 
in relation to the giving and taking of bail, 
shall apply to this chapter. 

15. Every person must aid an officer in 
the execution of a warrant, if the officer re¬ 
quire his aid and be present and acting in 
its execution. (Sec. 169, Code Crim. Proj 

16. If the crime charged be a felony the 
arrest may be made on any day, and at any 
time of the day or during the night. If it 
be a misdemeanor, the arrest cannot be 
made on Sunday, or at night, unless by 
direction of the magistrate indorsed upon 
the warrant. (Sec. 170, Code Crim. Pro.) 

17. An arrest is made by an actual re¬ 
straint of the person of the defendant, or 
by his submission to the custody of the of¬ 
ficer. (Sec. 171, Code Crim. Pro.) 

18. The defendant is not to be subjected 
to any more restraint than is necessary for 
his arrest and detention. (Sec. 172, Code 
Crim. Pro.) 

19. The defendant must be informed by 
the officer that he acts under the authority 
of the warrant, and he must also show the 
warrant, if required. (Sec. 173, Code Crim. 
Pro.) 

20. If after notice of intention to arrest 
the defendant, he either flee or forcibly re¬ 
sist, the officer may use all necessary 
means to effect the arrest. (Sec. 174, Code 
Crim. Pro.) The officer should have the 
warrant in his actual possession. 

21. The officer may break open an outer 
or inner door or window of any building, to 
execute the warrant, if, after notice of his 
authority and purpose, he be refused admit¬ 
tance. (Sec. 175, Code Crim. Pro.) 

22. An officer may break open an outer 
or inner door or window of any building, 
for the purpose of liberating a person, who, 
having entered for the purpose of making 
an arrest, is detained therein, or when 
necessary for his own liberation. (Sec. 176, 
Code Crim. Pro.) 

23. If the crime charged in the warrant 
be a felony the officer making the arrest 
must take the defendant before the magis¬ 
trate who issued the warrant. If that mag¬ 
istrate be absent or unable to act, the de¬ 
fendant must be taken before the nearest 
or most accessible magistrate in the same 
county. The officer must, at the same time, 
deliver to the magistrate the warrant, with 


his return endorsed and subscribed by him. 
(Secs. 158, 164, Code Crim. Pro.) 

24. If the crime charged in the warrant 
be a misdemeanor, and the defendant be ar¬ 
rested in another county, the officer must, 
upon being required by the defendant, take 
him before a magistrate in that county, who 
must admit the defendant to bail, for his 
appearance before the magistrate named in 
the warrant, and take bail from him accord¬ 
ingly. On taking bail the magistrate must 
certify that fact 'on the warrant, and de¬ 
liver the warrant and undertaking of bail 
to the officer having charge of the defend¬ 
ant. The officer must then discharge the 
defendant from arrest, and, without delay, 
deliver the warrant and undertaking to the 
magistrate before whom the defendant is 
required to appear. (Secs. 159, 160, Code 
Crim. Pro.) 

25. If, on the admission of the defendant 
to bail, as provided in the last paragraph, 
bail be not forthwith given, the officer must 
take the defendant before a magistrate as 
directed by the warrant, or some other 
magistrate in the same county, as provided 
in Section 164 of the Code of Criminal 
Procedure. (Sec. 161, Code Crim. Pro.) 

26. If the warrant be issued by a justice 
of the Supreme Court, recorder, city judge 
or judge of a Court of General Sessions in 
the City and County of New York, or by a 
county judge, or by the recorder of a city 
where jurisdiction is conferred by law upon 
such recorder, or by a judge of the city 
court, it may be directed generally to any 
peace officer in the State, and may be exe¬ 
cuted by any of those officers to whom it 
may be delivered. (Sec. 155, Code Crim. 
Pro.) 

27. If it be issued by any other magis¬ 
trate, it may be directed generally to any 
peace officer in the county in which it is 
issued, and may be executed in that county; 
or if the defendant be in another county, it 
may be executed therein upon the written 
direction of a magistrate of such other 
county indorsed upon the warrant, signed 
by him with his name of office, and dated 
at the city, town or village where it is 
made, to the following effect: “This war¬ 
rant may be executed in the County of 
Monroe” (or as the case may be). (Sec. 
156, Code Crim. Pro.) 

28. The defendant must in all cases be 
taken before the magistrate without un¬ 
necessary delay, and he may give bail at any 
hour of the day or night. (Sec. 165, Code 
Crim. Pro.) 

29. A coroner’s warrant (issued under 
Secs. 780 and 781, Code of Criminal Pro¬ 
cedure) may be served in any county; and 
the officer serving.it must proceed thereon, 
in all respects, as upon a warrant of arrest 
on an information, except that when served 
in another county it need not be indorsed 
by a magistrate of that county. (Sec. 782, 
Code Crim. Pro.) 

30. A bench warrant may be served in 
any county, in the same manner as a war¬ 
rant of arrest, except that when served in 
another county, it need not be indorsed by 




a magistrate of that county. (Secs. 304, 
478, Code Crim. Pro.) 

31. A fugitive from justice may be ap¬ 
prehended under a warrant issued by the 
Governor of the State. The officer to whom 
is directed and entrusted the execution of 
the Governor’s warrant must, within thirty 
days from its date, unless sooner requested, 
return the same and make return to the 
Governor of all his proceedings had there¬ 
under, and of all facts and circumstances 
relating thereto. (Sec. 827, Code Crim. 
Pro.) 


ARREST BY AN OFFICER WITHOUT 
A WARRANT. 

32. Section 337 of the Charter provides as 
follows: 

“The several members of the police force 
shall have power and authority to im¬ 
mediately arrest, without warrant, and to 
take into custody, any person who shall 
commit, or threaten, or attempt to commit, 
in the presence of such member, or within . 
his view, any breach of the peace or offense 
directly prohibited by act of the Legisla¬ 
ture, or by any ordinance made by lawful 
authority.” 

33. Section 311 of the Charter provides as 
follows: 

“Any member of the police force may ar¬ 
rest without warrant any person who shall, 
in view of such member, violate, or do, or 
be engaged in doing or committing in said 
city, any act or thing forbidden by chapter 
nineteen (relating to the Department of 
Health) of this act, or by any law or by 
any ordinance the authority to enact which 
is given by this act or any other statute, or 
who shall, in such presence, resist or be 
engaged in resisting the lawful enforcement 
of any such law or ordinance or any official 
order made pursuant to any statute of this 
State. And any person so arrested shall 
thereafter be treated, disposed of and pun¬ 
ished as any other person duly arrested for 
misdemeanor unless other provision is 
made for the case by law.” 

34. A peace officer may, without a war¬ 
rant, arrest a person for a crime committed 
or attempted in his presence: when the per¬ 
son arrested has committed a felony, al¬ 
though not in his presence; or when a 
felony in fact has been committed, and he 
has reasonable cause for believing the per¬ 
son to be arrested to have committed it. 
(Sec. 177, Code Crim. Pro.) 

35. To make an arrest, as provided in the 
last paragraph, the officer may break open 
an outer door or inner door or window of 
a building, if, after notice of his office and 
purpose, he be refused admittance. (Sec. 

178. Code Crim. Pro.) 

36. He may also, at night, without a war¬ 
rant. arrest any person whom he has rea¬ 
sonable cause for believing to have com¬ 
mitted a felony, and is justified in making 
the arrest, though it afterward appear that 
a felony had been committed, but that the 

49 


person arrested did not commit it. (Sec. 

179, Code Crim. Pro.) 

37. When arresting a person without a 
warrant the officer must inform him of the 
authority of the officer and the cause of the 
arrest, except when the person arrested is 
in the actual commission of a crime, or is 
pursued immediately after an escape. (Sec. 

180, Code Crim. Pro.) 

38. A peace officer may take before a 
magistrate a person who, being engaged in 
a breach of the peace, is arrested by a by¬ 
stander and delivered to him. (Sec. 181, 
Code Crim. Pro.) 

39. A prisoner, in custody under sentence 
of imprisonment for any crime, who escapes 
from custody, may be recaptured. (Sec. 84, 
Penal Code.) 

40. A constable or police officer must ar¬ 
rest and bring before a court or magistrate 
having jurisdiction, any person offending 
against any of the provisions of Chapter III 
(Sections 287-293) of the Penal Code, which 
relates to abandonment and other acts of 
cruelty to children. 

41. A constable or peace officer must 
arrest and bring before a court or magis¬ 
trate having jurisdiction any person offend¬ 
ing against any of the provisions of that 
title,of the Penal Code (Secs. 655 to 669, 
inclusive) relating to cruelty to animals. 
Any person who shall interfere with or 
obstruct any officer or agent of a society 
for’ the prevention of cruelty to animals, in 
the exercise of his rights as such officer or 
agent, shall be guilty of a misdemeanor. 
(Sec. 668, Penal Code.) 

42. All peace officers shall aid a corpora¬ 
tion formed for the prevention of cruelty 
to children, or the prevention of cruelty to 
animals, its officers, agents and members in 
the enforcement of laws relating to or af¬ 
fecting children, or for the prevention of 
cruelty to animals. (Sec. 72, Membership 
Corporations Law.) 


ARREST BY A PRIVATE PERSON. 

43. A private person may arrest another 
for a crime committed or attempted in his 
presence; or when the person arrested has 
committed a felony: although not in his 
presence. (Sec. 183, Code Crim. Pro.) 

44. A private person, before making an 
arrest, must inform the person to be ar¬ 
rested of the cause thereof, and require him 
to submit, except when he is in the-actual 
commission of the crime, or when he is ar¬ 
rested or pursued immediately after its com¬ 
mission. (Sec. 184,'Code Crim. Pro.) 

45. A private person, who has arrested 
another for the commission of a crime, 
must without unnecessary delay, take him 
before a magistrate, or deliver him to a 
peace offiper. (Sec. 185, Code Crim. Pro.) 

46. For the purpose of surrendering the 
defendant, any surety, at any time before 
he is finally charged, and at any place with¬ 
in the State, may himself arrest him, or by 
a written authority indorsed on a certified 
copy of the undertaking, may empower any 




person of suitable age and discretion to do 
so. (Sec. 591, Code Crim. Pro.) 

47. When a policeman is asked to make 
an arrest for a crime not committed in his 
presence, he should tell the complainant to 
make the arrest and that he (the policeman) 
will take the prisoner before a magistrate. 
To do this it is not necessary that the com¬ 
plainant should touch the prisoner. The 
complainant need only say to the prisoner, 
“I place you under arrest.” Then the police¬ 
man must take the prisoner before a magis¬ 
trate or to the station house, in accordance 
with the rules of the Police Department. 
In court the complainant should sign the 
complaint. 


HABITUAL CRIMINALS. 

48. A person who has been adjudged an 
habitual criminal is liable to arrest summar¬ 
ily with or without warrant, and to punish¬ 
ment as a disorderly person, when he is 
found without being able to account there¬ 
for, to the satisfaction of the court or 
magistrate, either (1) in possession of any 
deadly or dangerous weapon, or of any 
tool, instrument or material, adapted to or 
used by criminals for the commission of 
crime; or (2) in any place or situation, un¬ 
der circumstances giving reasonable ground 
to believe that he is intending or waiting 
the opportunity to commit some crime. 
(Sec. 512, Code Crim. Pro.) 

49. The person and the premises of every 
one who has been convicted and adjudged 
an habitual criminal shall be liable at all/ 
times to search and examination by any 
magistrate, sheriff, constable or other of¬ 
ficer, with or without warrant. (Sec. 514, 
Code Crim. Pro.) 


RETAKING, AFTER AN ESCAPE OR 
RESCUE. 

50. If a person arrested escape or be 
rescued, the person from whose custody he 
escaped or was rescued, may immediately 
pursue and retake him, at any time, and in 
any place in the State. (Sec. 186, Code 
Crim. Pro.) 

51. To retake the person escaping or 
rescued, the person pursuing may, after 
notice of his intention and refusal of ad¬ 
mittance, break open an outer or inner 
door or window of a building. (Sec. 187, 
Code Crim. Pro.) 


DISPOSITION OF PRISONERS. 

52. Section 338 of the Charter provides 
as follows: 

“In every case of arrest by any member 
of the police force, the same shall be made 
known immediately to the superior on duty 
in the precinct wherein the arrest was made, 
by the person making the same; and it shall 
be the duty of the said superior, within 


twenty-four hours after such notice, to 
make written return thereof, accordiing to 
the rules and regulations of the Police De¬ 
partment, with the name of the party ar¬ 
rested, the alleged offense, the time and 
place of arrest, and the place of detention. 
Each member of the police force, under the 
penalty of ten days’ fine, or dismissal from 
the force, at the discretion of the police 
commissioner, shall, immediately upon an 
arrest, convey in person the offender be¬ 
fore the nearest sitting magistrate, that he 
may be dealt with according to law. If the 
arrest is made during the hours that the 
magistrate does not regularly hold court, 
or if the magistrate is not holding court, 
such offender may be detained in a pre¬ 
cinct or station house thereof until the next 
regular public sitting of the magistrate, 
and no longer, and shall then be conveyed 
without delay before the magistrate to be 
dealt with according to law. And it shall 
be the duty of the said police commis¬ 
sioner, from time to time, to provide suit¬ 
able rules and regulations to prevent the 
undue detention of persons arrested, which 
rules and regulations shall be as operative 
and binding as if herein specially enacted, 
subject, however, to the order of the court 
committing the person arrested.” 

53. When an arrest is made by a member 
of the police force detailed to the Street 
Cleaning Department or to any other de¬ 
partment of the city government (except 
the Health Department), the prisoner will 
be taken immediately to the station house 
of the precinct in which the arrest is made, 
where such prisoner will be properly 
searched and arraigned. But this rule shall 
not apply to an arrest made by a member 
of the detective bureau detailed to another 
department. 

54. When a prisoner is taken to a station 

house in a precinct to which the arresting 
officer is not attached, the prisoner will be 
recorded on the Arrest and Aided Record 
as a “detained prisoner”; and the facts of 
the case will be reported at once by tele¬ 
phone to the precinct or squad to which the 
arresting officer is attached. , 

55. When an arrest is made by a member 
of the police force detailed to the Health 
Department during the hours when courts 
are open, the prisoner will be taken im¬ 
mediately before the nearest sitting magis¬ 
trate. When an arrest is made during 
hours when courts are not open, the pris¬ 
oner will be taken to the station house of 
the precinct in which the arrest is made, 
just as in the case of an arrest made by a 
member of the force attached to another 
department. 

56. When an officer attached to a precinct 
makes an arrest in this city of a person 
wanted in another State for an offense com¬ 
mitted therein, the arresting officer will at 
once take such prisoner to the detective 
bureau and place him in charge of the offi¬ 
cers thereof, who thereafter will have entire 
charge of such case and all proceedings 
connected therewith. 

57. Prisoners will be taken to such courts 


50 






as shall be directed in orders by the police 
commissioner, as provided by law. 


NIGHT COURT. 

(Manhattan and Bronx Only.) 

58. Generally speaking, there should be 
sent to the night session of the court all 
cases in which a magistrate has summary 
jurisdiction, and every female prisoner who 
is not charged with committing a felony. 

59. All persons charged with disorderly 
conduct or with violations of city ordi¬ 
nances, who are arrested after the closing 
of the day sessions, will be arraigned at 
the night session of the court. 

60. All other persons arrested after the 
closing of the day sessions will be ar¬ 
raigned in the proper district court the fol¬ 
lowing morning; and in cases of bail, the 
bonds will be made returnable at the proper 
district court the following morning. 

61. All females arrested after the closing 
of the day sessions of the city magistrates’ 
courts, excepting those charged with com¬ 
mitting felonies, will be taken before the 
magistrate sitting in the night court. 

62. Except in cases of felonies, when it 
is necessary to arrest women with nursing 
babies, they will hereafter be taken to the 
prison ward of Bellevue Hospital and not 
be confined in a cell at the station house. 

63. When, because of intoxication or any 
other cause, a prisoner is not in a condition 
to understand or answer questions, or to 
comprehend the proceedings of the court, 
such prisoner will be taken to the station 
house. If the prisoner be intoxicated, he 
will be detained until he is sober, when he 
will be taken to court. If it be not clear 
that the prisoner is intoxicated, a police 
surgeon or an ambulance surgeon will be 
called promptly, and the prisoner will be 
treated at the station house or sent to a 
hospital, as the surgeon shall advise. While 
in the hospital the prisoner will be in the 
legal custody of the police. When the pris¬ 
oner is in a fit condition, he will be taken 
to the court and charged with the offense 
for which he was arrested. If a person be 
arrested on a charge of intoxication and 
the surgeon shall decide it is not a case of 
intoxication, but that medical treatment is 
required, the person so arrested will not be 
held in custody as a prisoner; but will be 
sent to a hospital or to his home (if his 
home can be ascertained and be not too 
far distant), as the surgeon shall advise 
under the direct supervision of an officer 
detailed for that purpose by the command¬ 
ing officer of the precinct or squad, to the 
station house of which the prisoner shall 
have been taken. 

64. Whenever any member of the force 
shall find an unconscious person, who in 
such condition shall be sent to a hospital, 
the commanding officer of the precinct or 
&qpad will cause inquiry to be made as 
soon as such person shall have regained 
consciousness. If the facts shall not sooner 


have been ascertained, as to the name, age 
and residence of such person and such other 
facts as may be necessary; and he will 
forward such information, as soon as ascer¬ 
tained, to the police commissioner. 

65. To avoid delay in the transmission of 
United States mails the following rule will 
apply: If the driver of a wagon containing 
United States mail, or a person in charge 
of the United States mail, be charged with 
the commission of a crime less than a 
felony, no arrest will be made at the time. 
The police officer will take the name of 
the defendant, the name of his employer, 
and, if the defendant be a driver, the num¬ 
ber of his wagon. The officer will notify 
the defendant to appear at a certain magis¬ 
trate’s court at a specified time and will 
also notify the defendant’s employer of the 
facts. Proper entries will be made in the 
station house blotter. If a crime charged 
be a felony, an arrest will be made forth¬ 
with. In such case the arresting officer 
will accompany his prisoner to the place 
where he is to deliver the mail matter then 
in his custody, provided such destination be 
within the State of New York; and, after 
giving his prisoner opportunity to deliver 
his mail matter, will take him to the proper 
station house. If it become necessary for 
an arresting officer to leave the city, he 
should notify his commanding officer by 
telephone. In no case should a defendant 
charged with committing a felony be per¬ 
mitted to leave the State of New York. If 
the place of delivery of the prisoner’s mail 
matter be out of the State, the arresting 
officer should communicate at once by the 
nearest telephone with the defendant’s em¬ 
ployer or the postoffice authorities, and 
have arrangements made for the delivery of 
the mail matter. 

66. Whenever any omnibus driver, car 
driver, car conductor or motorman shall be 
arrested while he is in charge of such om¬ 
nibus, car or the horses attached thereto, 
for a misdemeanor of the violation of a 
corporation ordinance, the arresting officer 
shall accompany his prisoner by the usual 
route of the omnibus, car or horses to the 
stable or depot thereof, prior to taking him 
to the station house. When the arrest is 
for a felony, this rule does not apply. 

67. Whenever a female is arrested in a 
precinct to which no matron is attached, 
the prisoner will be taken directly to the 
station house designated to receive the 
female prisoners of the precinct in which 
the arrest is made. If such female prisoner 
be either actually or apparently under the 
age of 16 years, she wffll thereafter be trans¬ 
ferred by the officer in charge of the station 
house to the proper society, as hereinafter 
provided. 

68. Whenever a woman prisoner is 
brought to a station house, the desk lieu¬ 
tenant will forthwith summon a matron to 
perform such service in connection with 
the arrest as may be required. If the pris¬ 
oner be held, she will be conducted to a 
cell by or in the presence of a matron, and 
will remain in her immediate care and 



charge, subject to the officer in charge of 
the station house.. When it can be avoided, 
not more than one female prisoner will be 
confined in one cell at one time. Female 
prisoners shall be kept separate and apart 
from the cells, corridors and apartments 
provided for male prisoners. There shall 
be no communication between male and fe¬ 
male prisoners) except with the consent of 
the officer in command. The locks upon 
the doors of the corridors and cells used 
for female prisoners shall differ in size and 
pattern from all other locks used in the 
station house. No officer other than the 
matron shall be admitted to the corridor or 
cells where a female prisoner is detained, 
unless he be sent there by special direction 
of the officer in charge of the station house, 
and then he must be accompanied by the 
matron. 

69. When a sick, injured or helpless 
woman is taken to a station house, she will 
be taken to a room other than the public 
sitting-room, and there treated and cared 
for only by a surgeon or the matron on 
duty, except in case where humanity or 
justice require the attendance of others. 

70. Whenever it is necessary that there 
be an examination of the body or of the 
clothing of a female, such examination will 
be made by a matron, under the direction 
of the officer in command, and with the 
least possible publicity. 

71. Subdivision 6 of Section 291 of the 
Penal Code provides as follows: 

“No child under constraint or conviction, 
actually or apparently under the age of 
sixteen years, shall be placed in any prison 
or place of confinement, or in any court¬ 
room, or in any vehicle for transportation 
in company with adults or charged with or 
convicted of crime.” 

72. Every female prisoner actually or ap¬ 
parently under the age of sixteen years on 
being taken to a station house, if the chil¬ 
dren’s court be not then in session, shall be 
at once transferred therefrom, by the officer 
in charge, to the custody of the New York 
Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to 
Children, if the arrest be made in the Bor¬ 
ough of Manhattan or in the Borough of 
The Bronx; to the Brooklyn Society for the 
Prevention of Cruelty to Children, if the 
arrest be made in the Borough of Brooklyn 
or in the Borough of Queens; or to the 
Richmond County Society for the Preven¬ 
tion of Cruelty to Children, if the arrest be 
made in the Borough of Richmond. (Sec¬ 
tion 6, Chapter 120, Laws of 1888, as 
amended by Chapter 90, Laws of 1891.) A 
proper record of such transfer will be made 
in the blotter and in the morning returns. 

73. A similar disposition shall be made 
of male prisoners actually or apparently 
under the age of sixteen years. A proper 
record of such transfer will be made in 
the blotter and in the morning returns. 

74. Whenever a child actually or appar¬ 
ently under the age of sixteen years shall 
be arrested, and also whenever an arrest is 
made of a person charged with a criminal 
offense against a child actually or appar¬ 


ently under the age of sixteen years, or with 
a violation of any law relating to or affect¬ 
ing children, notice of such arrest, setting 
forth the name of the person arrested and 
the offense charged, must be transmitted 
immediately to the proper society for the 
prevention of cruelty to children. The 
offices of said societies are connected with 
police headquarters by telephone, and mes¬ 
sages can be sent to them at any hour. The 
parents or guardian of such child must also 
be notified immediately. 

75. When complaint is made of crime 
committed upon the person of a child act¬ 
ually or apparently under the age of six¬ 
teen years, if the court be not in session, 
such child must be taken immediately to 
the proper society for the prevention of 
cruelty to children for examination by phy¬ 
sicians of that organization. If the court 
be in session, the proper society will be 
notified of the facts of the case immediate¬ 
ly and before starting for court with the 
complainant and the prisoner. 

76. Whenever, under any provision of 
law, a child under sixteen years of age, un¬ 
less jointly charged with one or more per¬ 
sons above that age, is taken into custody, 
if shall be the duty of the officer having the 
child in charge, and at the earliest time 
when a justice will be present, to take such 
child before the children’s court, and shall 
not take said child, knowingly, to any city 
magistrate’s court or before any city mag¬ 
istrate, except for the purpose of giving 
bail. (Sec. 1418, N. Y. City Charter.) 

77. When any person charges another 
with the commission of a crime and insists 
that the person charged be taken into cus¬ 
tody and the circumstances appear to war¬ 
rant an arrest, the police officer shall take 
the accused to a city magistrate’s court or 
to a station house, as the case may be, at 
the same time requiring the accuser to ac¬ 
company him as a complainant. If a citi¬ 
zen has made an arrest, a police officer 
shall, on request, take the prisoner to a 
station house or to a city magistrate’s 
court; provided the person who made the 
arrest accompanies the prisoner and the 
police officer. In each of the foregoing 
cases the complaint made in court against 
the prisoner should be signed by the citi¬ 
zen, not by the police officer. 

78. Members of the police force must not 
render any assistance in civil cases, except 
to prevent a breach of the peace or to 
quell a disturbance actually commenced. 

79. Members of the police force will not 
be allowed to apply for, or to execute a 
warrant of arrest or a search warrant, ex¬ 
cept on consent of their respective com¬ 
manding officers. 

80. Only the name of the officer who 
actually makes an arrest will be entered 
on the blotter as that of the arresting 
officer. This rule does not prohibit the 
making of a proper record showing what 
any other member of the force does in con¬ 
nection with the case. The arresting officer 
must appear in court with his prisoner. 

81. On arrival at the station house each 


52 




prisoner will be searched under the super¬ 
vision of the lieutenant at the desk, who 
will be held responsible for the making of 
a proper search and for the custody of all 
articles taken from the prisoner. Male pris¬ 
oners will be searched by the officers mak¬ 
ing the arrests, and female prisoners by 
the police matrons. The lieutenant at the 
desk will enter in the desk blotter, in the 
body of the entry relating to the arrest, 
a complete list of the articles taken from 
each prisoner, and will deliver said articles 
to the arresting officer when he starts to 
arraign his prisoner before a magistrate, 
taking the officer’s receipt therefor. 

82. If at the time of his arrest a pistol 
or any of the instruments or weapons de¬ 
scribed in Sections 410 or 411-a of the 
Penal Code be found on the person of a 
prisoner, the arresting officer will state 
such facts to the magistrate before whom 
the prisoner is taken; and will make against 
his prisoner such additional complaint as 
will lie in the premises. 

83. At the time of arraignment in station 
house of prisoners charged with violations 
of the motor vehicle law, the license num¬ 
bers and registration seals of automobiles 
and the license badges of chauffeurs will 
be verified through the Bureau of Informa¬ 
tion at police headquarters in the Borough 
of Manhattan. If it be found that reason 
therefor exist, additional complaints will be 
made under Subdivision 7 of Section 2, or 
under Subdivision 4 of Section 5 of the 
motor vehicle law, as the case may be. 

84. The duties of members of the police 
force with respect to taking bail are set 
forth in a pamphlet entitled, “Taking Bail,” 
issued by the police department under date 
of January 1, 1908. 

85. When a person arrested is, at the 
time of such arrest, in charge of any animal, 
or of any vehicle drawn by or containing 
any animal, any agent or officer of the So¬ 
ciety for the Prevention of Cruelty to Ani¬ 
mals or any police officer may take charge 
of such animal and of such vehicle and its 
contents, and deposit the same in a safe 
place of custody. All necessary expense 
incurred in taking charge of such property 
shall be a charge thereon. (Sec. 656, Penal 
Code.) 

86. All cases involving extradition.will be 
turned over at once to the Detective Bu¬ 
reau. 


EXECUTION OF SEARCH WAR¬ 
RANTS. 

87. A search warrant is an order in writ¬ 
ing, in the name of the people, signed by a 
magistrate, directed to a peace officer, com¬ 
manding him to search for personal prop¬ 
erty, and bring it before the magistrate. 
(Sec. 791, Code Crim Pro.) 

88. A search warrant may, in all cases, 
be served by any of the officers mentioned 
in its direction, but by no other person, ex¬ 
cept in aid of the officer, on his requiring 
it, he being present and acting in its execu¬ 
tion. (Sec. 798, Code Crim. Pro.) 


89. The officer may break open an outer 
or inner door or window of a building, or 
any part of the building, or anything there¬ 
in, to execute the warrant, if, after notice 
of his authority and purpose, he be refused 
admittance. (Sec. 799, Code Crim,. Pro.) 

90. He may break open any outer or inner 
door or window of a building for the pur¬ 
pose of liberating a person who, having 
entered to aid him in the execution of the 
warrant, is detained therein, or when neces¬ 
sary for his own liberation. (Sec. 800, Code 
Crim. Pro.) 

91. The magistrate must insert a direc¬ 
tion in the warrant that it be served in the 
daytime, unless the affidavits be positive 
that the property is on the person or in 
the place to be searched; in which case he 
may insert a direction that it be served at 
any time of the day or night. (Sec. 801, 
Code Crim. Pro.) 

92. A search warrant must be executed 
and returned to the magistrate by whom 
it was issued, if issued in the City and 
County of New York, within five days after 
its date, and if in any other county, within 
ten days. After the expiration of those 
times respectively the warrant, unless exe¬ 
cuted, is void. (Sec. 802, Code Crim. Pro.) 

93. When the officer takes property un¬ 
der the warrant, he must give a receipt for 
the property taken (specifying it in detail), 
to the person from whom it was taken by 
him, or in whose possession it was found, 
or in the absence of any person, he must 
leave it in the place where he found the 
property. (Sec. 803, Code Crim. Pro.) 

94. When the property is delivered to the 
magistrate, he must, if it was stolen or em¬ 
bezzled, dispose of it as provided in Sec¬ 
tions 687 to 689 of the Code of Criminal 
Procedure, both inclusive. If it were taken 
on a warrant on the grounds stated in the 
second and third subdivisions of Section 
792 he must retain it in his possession, sub¬ 
ject to the order of the court to which he 
is required to return the proceedings be¬ 
fore him, or of any other court in which 
the offense, in respect to which the prop¬ 
erty was taken, is triable. (Sec. 804, Code 
Crim. Pro.) 


vo. .Luc omcer must tortnwitn return the 
warrant to the magistrate and deliver to 
him a written inventory of the property 
taken, made publicly, or in the presence of 
the person from whose possession it was 
taken, and of the applicant for the war¬ 
rant, if they be present, verified by the 
affidavit of the officer, and taken before the 
magistrate, to the following effect: “I, A. 
B., the officer by whom this warrant was 
executed, do swear *£hat the above inven¬ 
tory contains a true and detailed account of 
all property taken by me on the warrant.” 
(Sec. 805, Code Crim. Pro.) 

96. A peace officer, who, in executing a 
search warrant, wilfully exceeds his author¬ 
ity, or exercises it with unnecessary sever¬ 
ity, is guilty of a misdemeanor. (Sec. 812 
Code Crim. Pro.) 


97. Under authority of Section 665 of the 
Penal Code, a magistrate may issue a war¬ 
rant authorizing a police officer to enter 


53 



and search a building or place, and to ar¬ 
rest any person there present found violat¬ 
ing any of the laws relating to or in any¬ 
wise affecting animals, and to bring such 
person before the nearest magistrate of 
competent jurisdiction, to be dealt with ac¬ 
cording to law. 


SERVICE OF SUBPOENAS. 

98. A peace officer must serve, in his 
county, city, town or village, as the case 
may be, any subpoena delivered to him 
for service, either on the part of the people 
or of the defendant; and must make a 
written return of the service, subscribed by 
him, stating the time and place of service, 
without delay. The subpoena may, how¬ 
ever, be served by any other person. (Sec. 

614, Code Crim. Pro.) 

99. A subpoena is served by delivering it, 
or by showing it, and delivering a copy 
thereof, to the witness personally. (Sec. 

615, Code Crim. Pro.) 


RULES OF THE DEPARTMENT. 


RULE 45. 

1. The following rules for “Patrolmen’’ 
are hereby made part of the Police duty of 
all members of the Force of every rank 
so far as they are applicable: 

2. The rules 
General 
Arrest 
Uniform 
Equipment 

and the 

Charter 

Code of Ordinances 
Penal Code 

Code of Criminal Procedure 
will especially be carefully studied by all 
members of the Force and rigidly obeyed 
and enforced so far as it applies to them. 

3. It is the duty of Policemen at all times, 
both day and night, to preserve the peace, 
prevent crime, detect and arrest offenders 
and enforce all laws and ordinances that re¬ 
late to Police, Health, Tenement House 
and Criminal Procedure. 

4. The first duty of a Patrolman is to 
patrol. While on patrol he shall constantly 
patrol his post and follow the curb line; 
must not stand, walk nor converse with 
Policemen or citizens, except in Police 
business, which if not immediate will be 
referred to the station house; must not 
loiter, lounge or sit while on patrol, but will 
at all times maintain an erect, Policeman¬ 
like position. 

5. He shall devote his whole time and at¬ 
tention to the business of the Department, 
and is prohibited from following any other 
calling or being engaged in any other busi¬ 
ness. 

6. Patrolmen shall report their place of 


residence and every change thereof, within 
24 hours after such change has been made, 
stating whether they reside in a house, 
tenement or apartment; if in a tenement or 
apartment they shall state the floor they re¬ 
side on. 

7. They shall also promptly report any 
change in their social condition. 

8. Patrolmen (except those attached to 

the offices of the Courts of Justice) will not 
be allowed to apply for nor execute a 
warrant of arrest or search without the 
consent of their respective commanding 
officers. . 

9. They must not render any aid in civil 
cases, except to preserve the peace. . 

10. Patrolmen are prohibited frona recom¬ 
mending to prisoners or to. the victims of 
accidents the employment of any person as 
attorney or counsel and are forbidden to 
suggest or name any lawyer or other per¬ 
son to a prisoner with a view to his defense 
at any time after the arrest is made. 

11. Each Patrolman shall be civil and re¬ 
spectful to his officers, associates and citi¬ 
zens; when addressed by an officer or a 
citizen he will assume and maintain the 
position of attention during the conversa¬ 
tion. 

12. While on patrol duty at night he shall 
frequently examine all doors, low windows, 
areas, area gates and gratings of buildings 
on his post; be particular to note the time 
all persons of known bad character fre¬ 
quent his post; investigate all suspicious 
circumstances that may present themselves 
to him, such as hacks standing on his post 
or passing over his post at night without 
lamps lighted; persons passing late at night 
with bundles, or persons loitering about or 
acting in a suspicious manner. 

13. If on duty on a post where houses 
of ill-fame are suspected to exist, he should 
be careful to restrain acts of disorder, pre¬ 
vent soliciting from windows, doors or on 
the street, and arrest all persons found so 
doing; also carefully observe all suspected 
gambling houses or other places of a sus¬ 
picious nature, obtain evidence as to the 
character and ownership of such houses, 
note by whom frequented and report result 
of his observation to his Commanding 
Officer. 

14. Patrolmen while on duty must not 
enter any house nor leave their post, except 
in discharge of Police duty. If required by 
any person under any circumstances to leave 
post in discharge of Police duty, they will, 
except in great emergencies, first enter in 
their memornadum book the time and at 
whose request they left post, as follows: 
“Left post at — o’clock at request of 

-,” and will complete the entry of all 

the facts of leaving post and the time of 
their return thereto as soon as they have 
returned to post. 

15. They will also report the same to the 
first Lieutenant or Sergeant of their Pre¬ 
cinct whom they may meet thereafter, 
giving the time and circumstances of such 
call, and the time of return to post; they 
will also make report at the station house. 

54 









16. Patrolmen shall at all times while on 
duty be provided at their own expense with 
a small blank memorandum book and pen¬ 
cil, in which shall be promptly and accu- 
rately entered the names and addresses of 
persons arrested by them, and such partic¬ 
ulars in each case as may be important or 
needed on the trial; also all matters of im¬ 
portance relative to the performance of 
their duties. At the close of each tour of 
duty these books will be turned over to the 
Lieutenant on desk duty for examination 
and certification by signature. 

17 If a Patrolman on post requires the 

aid of another Patrolman from the ad¬ 
joining post, he will, in ordinary cases, give 
two blasts of his whistle, which will be 
answered in like manner, when the Patrol¬ 
man making the call will again give a sin¬ 
gle blast of his whistle. _ „ 

18 It will be deemed “Neglect of Duty 
on the part of any Patrolman carelessly to 
lose his shield or any other insignia of of¬ 
fice, or neglect to report such loss imme¬ 
diately thereafter to the officer in command 
at the station house. 

19 Whenever any person shall come into 
charge of the Police by reason of illness 
or injury, and shall require aid or assistance, 
and the case is one which should be sent to 
hospital, such person shall be sent to the 
nearest hospital which will furnish ambu¬ 
lance service and has telephone connection 
with the Police Department. Any reason¬ 
able request of a sick or injured person 
shall be given proper attention. 

20 All dead animals found m the streets 
or public places during day tours by mem¬ 
bers of the Force, shall be forthwith re¬ 
ported by signal box, or personally, at the 
station house. Dead animals so found dur¬ 
ing night tours shall be reported at the 
expiration of such tour. 

21 If any Patrolman observes in the 
street anything of a dangerous character, or 
likely to occasion public inconvenience, or 
anything which seems to him irregular or 
offensive, he shall report the same im¬ 
mediately on his return to the .station 
house, with full particulars of the case and 
his action thereon. 

22 Members of the Force must be vigi¬ 
lant in the matter of malignant, infectious 
or epidemic diseases, and promptly report 
all such cases coming to their knowledge. 

23 Patrolmen will exercise particular 
caution in making arrests, not only because 

0a false arrest renders them personally lia¬ 
ble but also because it is convictions which 
count on their record, not mere number 
of arrests. , 

24 Patrolmen detailed for special duty, 
unless otherwise individually ordered will 
report themselves to the Captain or Lieu¬ 
tenant in command of their respective Pre¬ 
dicts or Squads each and every day, as 
directed. 

25 Patrolmen will report all dispositions 
of cases wherein arrests have been made, 
immediately upon their return from court, 
a”? the name of the Magistrate or Justice 

sitting; the name of the Court, if the case 


comes up in Special Sessions, the name of 
the Presiding Magistrate will be given. 

26. Patrolmen who make arrests must not 
turn over the prisoner to another member of 
the force to arraign in court. In all cases 
the Policeman who makes the arrest must 
go to Court and give his evidence. 

27. Every Patrolman will make notes in 
his memorandum book of all suspicious 
places on his post, particularly those which 
may be disorderly or used for gambling, 
either from the coming and going of men or 
for other reasons. These notes will be 
certified by the Lieutenant and reported 
to the Captain. If a Patrolman can thus 
show that he has made report he protects 
himself and places responsibility where it 
belongs. 

28. Patrolmen will report to their Cap¬ 
tains daily all accidents that occur on any 
street, avenue or sidewalk that may come 
under their notice, whether on or off duty, 
whether within or without their own post, 
beat or Precinct. In such cases the Patrol¬ 
man will ascertain and report the name, age, 
sex, nationality, residence or destination of 
the person injured; approximate height and 
weight; whether married or single, sober 
or intoxicated; together with the date and 
precise place of the accident, the nature 
of the injury and the full particulars there¬ 
of, and a general description of the person 
or persons injured. 

29. In all cases of accidents involving col¬ 
lisions, damage to City property or to the 
property of others on the water, claims 
for salvage to City property, etc., the 
Police officer becoming cognizant thereof 
will report same to the station house of the 
Precinct to which he is attached, to be for¬ 
warded promptly to the office of the Cor¬ 
poration Counsel. The Policeman becom¬ 
ing cognizant of such occurrence will, in 
taking the names and addresses of wit¬ 
nesses, instruct said witnesses to report to 
the office of the Corporation Counsel in 
order that their statements may be secured. 

30. Patrolman will collect at once from 
the bystanders the names and addresses of 
all persons who saw or know particularly 
concerning an accident, and report the same 
with his report of the accident itself. 

31. Patrolmen and officers of Precincts 
will carefully observe whether street lamps 
are lighted and burning. If any gas or 
electric lamps are found not burning, which 
are in condition to burn, they are to be 
immediately lighted by the Patrolmen. 
Patrolmen will report at the desk, at the 
expiration of each tour of night duty, the 
location of each lamp in condition to burn, 
found not burning,-and the hour when the 
same was lighted by the Patrolman; also all 
lamps found broken or not in condition to 
burn and the cause thereof. 

32. Members of the Force, in their respec¬ 
tive Precincts, in case of any break or 
leakage of the water pipes or gas pipes, or 
sewers in the street, or in connection with 
any house, store or other building or 
premises, will notify the occupant thereof, 
as promptly as possible, of the existence of 

55 


such break or leakage, and that the same 
must be repaired at once, and at once report 
the same to the officer in command, who 
will report the same to Police Headquar¬ 
ters. 

33. It is the duty of any member of the 
Police Force who shall discover any bal¬ 
cony or ladder of any fire escape encum¬ 
bered to notify the occupant or occupants 
of the premises of which such fire escape 
form a part, to remove such obstructions, 
and if not complied with, to obtain warrants 
for the arrest of parties so notified, and the 
officer will, when giving notice for re¬ 
moval of obstructions, take memorandum, 
setting forth the name of parties notified, 
the time and date such notice was given 
and report the same to the Officer in 
charge of the desk at the station house, 
who will make full entry of the report on 
the blotter. 

34. It is the duty of members of the Force 
to arrest all persons found committing any 
of the following offenses: 

35. Selling or offering to sell, giving 
away, or offering to give away, or having in 
his or her possession, with or without in¬ 
tent, to sell or give away, any obscene and 
indecent book, pamphlet, paper drawing, 
lithograph, stereoscopic picture, model, cast, 
instrument, or article of indecent or im¬ 
moral use, or medicine for procuring abor¬ 
tion. 

36. It is not lawful to exhibit to the pub¬ 
lic in any building, garden, grounds, con¬ 
cert room or other place or room within 
the City of New York, any entertainment 
of the stage or any equestrian circus or 
other dramatic performance; or any per¬ 
formance of jugglers, rope-dancing or acro¬ 
bats, until a license for the place of such ex¬ 
hibition for such purposes shall have been 
first had and obtained, as provided by law, 
and it is the duty of Policemen to enter, 
at any time, such places of amusement and 
to arrest any person or persons so offend¬ 
ing, and to convey them forthwith before a 
City Magistrate. 

37. The proprietor, occupant, or lessee of 
any place where acrobatic exhibitions are 
held, who permits any person to perform on 
any trapeze, rope, pole or other acrobatic 
contrivance, without network or other suffi¬ 
cient means of protection from falling" or 
other accident is guilty of a misdemeanor; 
and Policemen learning or knowing of any 
commission of these offenses shall immedi¬ 
ately arrest, or cause to be arrested, the per¬ 
son so offending. 

38. Concert rooms or places, whether in 
buildings, gardens, grounds or other places 
licensed as concert halls or concert rooms, 
or places in which concerts may be given, 
shall be closed at 12 midnight, and shall not 
again be opened for public purposes before 
5 o’clock in the morning. 

39. It shall not be lawful to exhibit on the 
first day of the week, commonly called Sun¬ 
day, in any building, garden, grounds, con¬ 
cert room or other rooms or places licensed 
by the Police Commissioner, any interlude, 
tragedy, comedy, opera, ballet, play, farce, 


negro minstrelsy, dancing of any kind, or 
any entertainment of the stage, or any part 
or parts therein, or any equestrian circus 
or dramatic performance, or any perform¬ 
ance of jugglers, acrobats or rope-dancing. 

40. It shall not be lawful to sell, deliver 
or give away, or cause or permit or procure 
to be sold, delivered or given away, any 
liquors, in any room, building, garden, 
grounds, concert room or other place or 
room licensed by the Police Commissioner, 
between the hours of 12 midnight on Satur¬ 
day and 5 o’clock in the morning of Mon¬ 
day. The term liquors, as used, includes 
and means any distilled or rectified spirits, 
wines, fermented and malted liquors. 

41. It shall not be lawful to employ or 
permit the attendance of any female to wait 
upon or attend in any manner, or to furnish 
refreshments to the audience or spectators, 
or any of them, at any of the exhibitions or 
performances in any building, room or other 
place which is licensed by the Police Com¬ 
missioner. Nor shall it be lawful for the 
performers in any concert room, or other 
place licensed by the Police Commissioner, 
to mix with the audience or spectators at 
any entertainment or exhibition in which 
such performers shall take part. 

42. It shall not be lawful to admit to any 
exhibition held under authority of a license 
any minor under the age of 16 years, unless 
such minor is accompanied by and is in the 
care of some adult. 

43. It shall not be lawful to sell, offer or 
expose for sale or give away any liquor: 

1st—On Sunday, or before 5 o’clock 
in the morning on Monday; or 

2d—On any other day between 1 
o’clock and 5 o’clock in the morning; 
or 

3d—On any date of a general or 
special election, or town meeting, or 
village election, within one-quarter of 
a mile of any voting place, while the 
polls shall be open; unless such special 
election is held for a legislative office 
within the City limits of a City, and 
shall only apply to the territory within 
which the special election is held and 
to a distance of two hundred and fifty 
feet in every direction from every 
boundary of said territory. 

44. Hotel keepers holding a liquor tax 
certificate, may sell liquor to guests with 
their meals, or in their rooms therein, ex¬ 
cept between the hours of 1 o’clock and 5 
o’clock in the morning, but not in the bar¬ 
room or other similar room of such hotel; 
and the term “hotel” shall mean a building 
regularly used and kept open as such for 
the feeding and lodging of guests. 

45. Whenever a dead human body is 
found in the water or in or upon any street, 
a ^ ey ^ par ^’ p ’ er ’ P u blic or other place in 
the. City of New York, or comes to the 
notice or observation of any member of 
the Force, such member shall immediately 
ascertain full particulars in connection 
therewith, notify station house and Coroner, 
and, until the necessary order has been 
issued by the Coroner, will see that no 

56 


person shall “touch, remove or disturb the 

body,” nor “touch, remove nor disturb the 
clothing nor any article upon or near such 
body.” 

46. After the necessary order has been is¬ 
sued by the Coroner, if the Coroner takes 
no action, the Police will obtain full and 
complete description of body and clothing, 
contents of pockets, etc., and any marks 
by which the body may be identified, make 
immediate report to station house, and 
cause the body to be removed to the morgue 
or otherwise properly and decently dis¬ 
posed of. 

47. If the body is known, have the rela¬ 
tives notified. When bodies are searched, 
it should be done in the presence of a wit¬ 
ness if possible; and if money or any prop¬ 
erty of any value is found, it should be 
turned over to the officer on desk duty, who 
shall keep it safely for proper disposition. 

48. When a dead human body is found, 
members of the force will under no circum¬ 
stances send for an ambulance for the pur¬ 
pose of having said body “officially” pro¬ 
nounced dead. 

49. Any member of the Force granting 
a Police Emergency Permit for openings in 
street, will, at the end uf his tour, make 
a written report to his Commanding Officer 
of his action, giving the name of the person 
or corporation to whom the permit was 
granted, the location of the opening, and 
the nature of the emergency that warranted 
granting the permit. These permits are to 
be issued in cases of extreme emergency 
only. 

50. Every ambulance or other vehicle used 
for the transportation of sick and wounded 
persons or animals shall be entitled to the 
right-of-way over all other vehicles upon 
every public street, highway and place. 
Any person who shall wilfully interfere with 
or retard or obstruct or impede the progress 
of any such ambulance or vehicle thereon, 
or who shall wilfully injure the same, or 
wilfully drive any vehicle into collision 
therewith, is guilty of a misdemeanor. 

51. Members of the Force shall, when 
called upon, aid the persons in charge of 
such ambulance or vehicle in placing sick 
or wounded persons or animals therein, and 
in the enforcement of the provisions of the 
laws relating to ambulances. 

52. Nothing in this rule contained shall 
affect the existing right-of-way of the 
United States Mail, or of the officers, men 
and fire apparatus of the Fire Department 
or Insurance Patrol. 

53. Patrolmen will promptly report the 
name and residence of the owners of un¬ 
licensed dogs at the station house. 

54. The members of the Force will render 
every legal assistance to the members and 
agents of “The American Society for the 
Prevention of Cruelty to Animals and the 
“Humane Society,” in all lawful efforts to 
enforce the laws enacted for the protection 
of dumb animals. It is their duty as Police¬ 
men, in every case of cruelty to animals 
occurring in their view or to which their 
attention shall be called by any person 
willing to make the charge, promptly to ar¬ 


rest the offending person, and cause such 
person to be arraigned and prosecuted be¬ 
fore the proper Magistrate. 

55. Members of the Force will arrest any 
person who abandons or attempts to aban¬ 
don any animal to die, and report all facts 
therewith at the station house and to the 
above said societies. 

56. Patrolmen must report daily all viola¬ 
tions of Corporation Ordinances, together 
with all complaints of such violations and 
the nature of the complaint. 

57. Patrolmen will immediately, upon re¬ 
ceipt of information from any source of an 
unusual or important casualty, crime or 
other Police occurrence, transmit to his 
Commanding Officer all information relative 
thereto received by him, and will continue 
such transmission from time to time as 
further particulars are received. 

58. Patrolmen shall report to their re¬ 
spective officers all matters of importance 
relative to their duties at all times, acci¬ 
dents, homicides, attempted suicides, burg¬ 
laries, assaults and other violations of the 
law occurring on their posts or requiring 
their action. 

59. The ends of justice are often defeated 
in cases of homicide owing to the insuffi¬ 
ciency of evidence. It is the duty of mem¬ 
bers of the force to be particularly careful 
to note all the declarations of persons who 
have been victims of murderous assault. 

60. In cases of homicide, prevent all per¬ 
sons from entering upon the scene of the 
crime until the Coroner appears. 

61. In cases of violence other than homi¬ 
cide when it is possible that the criminal 
may have left his finger impressions on 
some article, members of the force shall pre¬ 
vent all persons from entering upon the 
scene of the crime until an officer from 
the Detective Bureau appears. 

62. Charges will be made against any 
patrolman who shall, through neglect of 
duty, fail to discover a homicide, burglary, 
accident, fire or serious breach of the peace 
committed on his post during his tour of 
duty, or who shall neglect to take proper 
measures to arrest any person guilty of 
such offenses. 

(This rule was modified by Commis¬ 
sioner Cropsey, so that perfunctory charges 
are no longer to be made.) 

63. Patrolmen shall note the location of 
all fire alarm and signal boxes on or near 
their posts, and also of telephone stations, 
so as to be able in case of emergency to 
immediately notify the station house and 
send fire alarm. 

64. When signal boxes are located in pre¬ 
cincts, they will be used in emergency cases 
only; each patrolman will be furnished with 
a key and will be held responsible for same, 
and for any injury to signal-boxes during 
their respective tours of duty. 

65. Patrolmen on post where fire houses 
are located will see that the doors are 
locked and no persons allowed in the build¬ 
ing after the firemen have left to respond 
to a fire call. 

66. It shall be the duty of Patrolmen to 
enforce the provisions of the Sanitary Code, 


Department of Health, particularly Sec. 178, 
which prohibits spitting on sidewalks, etc. 

67. Meats to be used as human food shall 
not be carted or carried through the streets 
or avenues unless covered so as to protect 
it from dust and dirt, and no meat, poultry, 
game or fish shall be hung or exposed for 
sale in any street or outside of any shop 
or store, or in the open doorways or win¬ 
dows thereof, in the City of New York. 

68. No candies or confectionery shall be 
kept, sold or offered for sale, outside of a 
building in the City of New York, or in any 
street, or public place, unless they are 
kept properly covered so that they shall be 
protected from dust and dirt. 

69. Patrolmen will be held responsible for 
the strict enforcement of the following pro¬ 
visions of laws and ordinances on their re¬ 
spective posts: 

70. Ashes and garbage to be kept in sep¬ 
arate receptacles. Said receptacles not to 
be filled within four inches of the top. Un¬ 
authorized persons to be prevented from 
interfering with said receptacles or the con¬ 
tents thereof. 

71. Streets and sidewalks not to be en¬ 
cumbered by goods, merchandise, boxes, 
bales, etc., or unused vehicles. 

72. Storekeepers, householders, etc., to be 
prevented from sweeping the dust from 
their premises on to the sidewalks unless 
the same is swept into the gutter and there 
piled before 8 A. M. 

73. Dirt, paper, etc., not to be thrown 
into the street. 

74. Patrolmen assigned to traffic duty, to 
duty in connection with Health Depart¬ 
ment, or to any other special duty, must 
not neglect to perform any other kind of 
Police duty that comes to their notice. 

75. Although Patrolmen are by the rules 
and regulations of the service relieved at 
certain hours from the actual performance 
of duty on ordinary occasions, yet they are 
held to be at all times on duty, and must be 
prepared, while relieved as aforesaid, to act 
immediately on notice that their services 
are required. 

76. Patrolmen must not walk together, 
nor talk with each other when they meet 
on the confines of their posts, unless to 
communicate information appertaining to 
their police duties; and in such case they 
must make the communication as brief as 
possible. 

77. A patrolman must not walk nor talk 
with citizens while on patrol duty, except 
on Police business; then he will stand and 
hear what the business is; if it requires his 
immediate attention, attend to it; if not, he 
will direct the person or persons seeking in¬ 
formation to the station house. 

78. Patrolmen compelled to leave their 
posts for reasons other than the discharge 
of their duties, will, prior to so doing, tele¬ 
phone to the Precinct station house, from 
the nearest signal-box, and obtain the per¬ 
mission of the Lieutenant, and will report to 
the Lieutenant in the same manner their 
return to post. 

79. Patrolmen when in attendance for the 
purpose of appearing as witnesses before 


the Grand Jury, or any Courts, must not 
leave the waiting-room before they are 
called for examination or otherwise author¬ 
itatively relieved. 

80. Patrolmen who may be charged with 
or arrested for alleged misdemeanors shall, 
in writing, before the Magistrate, elect to be 
tried by the Court of General Sessions, to 
the end that a Grand Jury investigation may 
be had. 

• 81. Patrolmen must not compound any 
offense committed against their persons or 
property, or withdraw any complaint unless 
permitted by the Police Commissioner. 

82. When belts are not worn during the 
night time the baton shall be carried in the 
hand. Patrolmen shall not swing or toy 
with their batons, but shall carry them as 
inconspicuously as possible. 

83. All Patrolmen carrying a night baton 
will use the same when requiring assist¬ 
ance, as well as the whistle, when neces¬ 
sary. 

84. Charges will be preferred against any 
member of the Force who shall discharge 
his pistol or use his club except in self- 
defense. 

85. Manuals, shields, fire keys and patrol- 
box keys are the property of the Depart¬ 
ment, and each Patrolman is required to 
have the same at all times in his possession, 
and it will be deemed “Neglect of Duty” 
on the part of a Patrolman to lose or 
neglect to immediately notify his Com¬ 
manding Officer of the loss of any of the 
above property. 

86. When lost, abandoned or stolen prop¬ 
erty of a highly inflammable or dangerous 
character or nature is discovered by or 
comes into the custody or possession of any 
Patrolman, it shall be the duty of such 
Patrolman to report the same at once to the 
Officer in command at the station house 
in his Precinct. 


oi. stray animals coming into the cus¬ 
tody of the Police shall be. as soon as prac¬ 
ticable, reported to Police Headquarters and 
instructions obtained. 

88. When articles of property of any de¬ 
scription which should go to the Property 
Clerk come into the possession of any 
Patrolman, the latter will furnish to his 
Commanding Officer a thorough description 
of such property on the proper blank, mak¬ 
ing a special note of all marks of identifi¬ 
cation; and in case of revolvers—make and 
number, and in case of watches—name and 
number of case and works will be given 

89. When property is held by the Prop¬ 
erty Clerk as evidence, the Policeman hav¬ 
ing charge of the case will forward a 

[hereby the cTun" 8 ° f the disp ° sitio " 

90. In the event of a Patrolman find¬ 
ing, in the streets or elsewhere, perishable 
property which has been abandoned, he will 
cause It to be brought to the station house 
for disposition. 

91. All loaded firearms coming into the 
possession of the Police Force shall, before 
delivery to the Property Clerk, be dis¬ 
charged without - unnecessary delay at or 
near the station house, unless the same shall 


58 


be required for evidence, under direction of 
the Commanding Officer of the Precinct. 

92. A Patrolman on post must not con¬ 
sider himself in any wise less obligated to 
aid pedestrians in crossing the streets, to 
enforce the rules of the road against all 
manner of vehicles, to prevent fast or reck¬ 
less driving or to do all other acts looking 
to the safety of citizens and property on 
the streets. The Department will hold an 
Officer on post as strictly accountable as 
those directly connected with the traffic 
squad for any neglect of duty on the lines 
above set forth. 

93. Any person has power to make an 
arrest for a crime committed in his pres¬ 
ence and may deliver his prisoner to a 
peace officer. (See under “Arrests.”) 

94. When a Policeman is requested to 
make an arrest for a crime not committed 
in his presence he should tell the complain¬ 
ant to make the arrest, and then he, the Po¬ 
liceman, will take charge of the prisoner. 
It is not necessary that the complainant 
should touch the prisoner; he need only in¬ 
form the prisoner that he is under arrest. In 
Court the Policeman should not sign the 
complaint, but have the complainant do so. 

95. Members of the Force wishing ad¬ 
vice as to the proper presentation of evi¬ 
dence in the Magistrates’ Courts or need¬ 
ing assistance in the presentation of their 
cases, will communicate directly with the 
office of the Third Deputy Police Commis¬ 
sioner at the earliest possible moment. 

96. The Police Commissioner will assist 
Policemen in every way possible, and wants 
to have cases presented to the Magistrates 
in such manner that all proper evidence 
shall be brought out. 

97. Unless Otherwise directed, Patrolmen, 
during the last five minutes of a tour of 
patrol, will remain near the relieving point. 


LOST CHILDREN AND FOUNDLINGS. 

RULE 73. 

1. Whenever a member of the Force dis¬ 
covers or has his attention called to a lost 
child, he shall make inquiry in the immedi¬ 
ate vicinity and endeavor, to ascertain the 
residence of the parents or guardians of 
said child; failing to do so, he shall bring 
the child to a station house and place it in 
charge of a Matron. 

2. Whenever a member of the Force dis¬ 
covers a foundling or has his attention 
called to the discovery of a foundling any¬ 
where in the City, he shall immediately have 
the same conveyed to the nearest station 
house where the officer in charge will enter 
a description of the child and of its clothing 
and such other available particulars as may 
be necessary or pertinent to the case, and 
have the child taken by the shortest possi¬ 
ble route to a designated institution and 
there delivered to some person assigned by 
the Commissioner of Charities to receive 

such children. . 

3. Whenever a foundling is brought to 

59 


a Police Station, Blanks Nos. 30, 44 and 149 
will be properly filled out by the officer in 
charge, and disposed of by him as follows, 
viz.: 

4. Blank No. 30 will be delivered to the 
person in charge of the designated insti¬ 
tution who receives the child. 

5. Blank No. 44 will be forwarded to the 
Department of Charities through Police 
Headquarters. 

6. Blank No. 149 will be forwarded to 
Police Headquarters. 

7. In case the said foundling is discov¬ 
ered by any person other than a member of 
the Force, the said member will require such 
person to accompany him to the station 
house with the foundling in order that he 
or she may make affidavit as to the finding 
of the child and having such affidavit sworn 
to. 

8. Patrolmen shall give efficient aid to the 
officers or agents of the Society for the 
Prevention of Cruelty to Children in all 
lawful efforts to enforce the laws relative 
to minors and make arrests for violations of 
same. A person who obstructs or inter¬ 
feres with any officer or agent of said soci¬ 
ety in the exercise of his authority is guilty 
of a misdemeanor. 

9. It will be the duty of the officers in 
command to telephone immediately to Po¬ 
lice Headquarters the name, if possible, and 
description of all lost children brought to 
the station house. 

10. A record shall be kept at each station 
house of all lost children received thereat, 
showing the number reclaimed at the sta¬ 
tion house, the disposition of each, the age, 
sex and color of each child; the nationality 
of the parents of each child reclaimed at 
the station house by such parents. 

11. The number and sex of lost children 
and the disposition made of them at each 
station house shall be entered on the daily 
morning returns made to Police Headquar¬ 
ters. 

12. All lost children over the age of two 
years so received during the day or night, 
not claimed before 9 P. M., by some person 
entitled to their custody, shall be sent to 
the Society for the Prevention of Cruelty 
to Children, and those under the age of 
two years shall be placed in charge of the 
Department of Charities. 

13. With each child sent from the station 
house to the children’s society, shall be 
transmitted a statement giving child’s pedi¬ 
gree, if possible. 


FIRE, RIOT ANtS OTHER EMERGEN¬ 
CIES. 

RULE 74. 

1. In case of fire, riot or other sudden 
emergency requiring the services of the 
Police, the Captain of the Precinct in which 
such fire, riot, etc., may occur, shall forth¬ 
with proceed to the scene of the same, with 
his whole reserve force, or such part there¬ 
of as he may deem necessary to perform 




such Police duty as the natu/e of the emer¬ 
gency may demand. 

2. In case of fire or disturbance in any 
precinct, the ranking officer in grade or 
seniority, of each Precinct present shall 
have command of the Force detailed there¬ 
to; if the fire or disturbance extend to more 
than one Precinct the ranking officer pres¬ 
ent shall command. 

3. It shall be the duty of all officers and 
men of the Police Department to co-operate 
with the officers and men of the Fire De¬ 
partment for the protection of life and prop¬ 
erty at fires. 

4. If it shall appear at any time to the 
officer in command of the Police Force at a 
fire, or if he shall be notified by the officer 
in command of the forces of the Fire De¬ 
partment, that by reason of danger from 
unsafe or falling walls, spread of fire, ex¬ 
plosions, or from any other cause, it is nec¬ 
essary that travel through any of the streets 
adjacent to the fire, shall be stopped, said 
officers shall at once adopt such measures 
as may be necessary to avert such danger. 

5. In carrying out this rule care must be 
taken that the rights and privileges of citi¬ 
zens, business interests or public travel and 
traffic shall not be interfered with and ob¬ 
structed any longer than public safety may 
require. 

6. Any person, except as hereinafter men¬ 
tioned, not provided with the approved 
badge, must be excluded from and not al¬ 
lowed to pass within the police lines at 
fires. 

7. The fire-line badge does not, under any 
circumstances, authorize admission to build¬ 
ings, and any one attempting to use it for 
that or any other purpose than obtaining 
admission to the streets within the fire lines, 
must have the badge taken from him and be 
ejected from the lines. 

8. This rule shall not apply to the Mayor, 
members of the Board of Aldermen, heads 
of departments, uniformed firemen and in¬ 
surance patrolmen, or to the officials of the 
Fire Department carrying their badge of 
office. 

9. Members of the force on duty at a 
fire will be very particular as to those at¬ 
tempting to pass through the fire lines, and 
will carefully examine the badges, or any 
other alleged authority, for passing. 

10. No person except those holding fire¬ 
line badges will be allowed inside the fire 
lines, except members of the Police and Fire 
Department, Post Office Department, and 
Fire Patrol while in proper performance of 
their duties in the vicinity of the fire. 

11. Whenever a Patrolman discovers, or 
has his attention called to a fire requiring 
an alarm to be sent, he shall immediately 
hasten to the nearest signal-box and send in 
an alarm; he will cover the signal-box with 
seme person, to direct the fire apparatus to 
location of fire; immediately notify the 
Lieutenant on desk duty at the station 
house the location of fire, description of 
building and whether reserves are needed, 
and shall perform such other duty as the 
circumstances of the case may require. 


12. At the earliest practical moment he 
shall ascertain the name of owner or occu¬ 
pant of building; nature of the contents 
stored therein; probable loss to building and 
contents; whether insured or not, and such 
other particulars relating thereto as may be 
necessary. 

13. Police line passes will not admit hold¬ 
ers inside the fire lines. 

14. Members of the force must under¬ 
stand that at a fire the Fire Department is in 
full command. The only purpose of the po¬ 
lice is to preserve the fire lines and to see 
that unauthorized persons do not pass them. 

15. Members of the Police Department 
will under no circumstances either send or 
assist in sending members of the Fire De¬ 
partment away from the scene without the 
positive permission of the proper command¬ 
ing officer of the Fire Department at the 
fire. 

16. Members of the Police Department 
will not permit civilian physicians, civilian 
ambulances, nor any other persons to re¬ 
move members of the Fire Department 
without permission from the proper official 
of the Fire Department in command at the 
fire. 

17. No one shall drive over a Fire Depart¬ 
ment hose except ambulance drivers and 
United States mail wagon drivers. 

18. In cases of fire, riot or other emer¬ 
gency, when the Patrolman requires the as¬ 
sistance of more than one officer, he will 
give three blasts of his whistle in quick suc¬ 
cession, and all the officers hearing it will 
answer by a single blast, and immediately 
repair to the assistance of the officer mak¬ 
ing the call. 


CRUELTY TO ANIMALS. 

RULE 80. 

1. Section 7 of Chapter 469 of the Laws 
of 1866, incorporating “The American So¬ 
ciety for the Prevention of Cruelty to Ani¬ 
mals,” provides as follows: 

“The police force of the City of New 
York, as well as of all other places where 
police organizations exist, shall, as occa¬ 
sion may require, aid the society, its mem¬ 
bers, or agents in the enforcement of all 
laws which are now or may hereafter be 
enacted for the protection of dumb ani¬ 
mals.” 

2. Section 668 of the Penal Code, as 
amended by Laws of 1888, Chapters 144 and 
490, provides: 

“* * * A constable or police officer 
must, and any agent or officer of any of 
said societies may, arrest and bring before 
a court or magistrate having jurisdiction 
any person offending against any of the 
provisions of this title. Any officer or 
agent of any of said societies may law¬ 
fully interfere to prevent the perpetration 
of any act of cruelty upon any animal in 
his presence. Any person who shall in¬ 
terfere with or obstruct any such officer 
or agent in the discharge of his duty shall 
be guilty of a misdemeanor. 


60 





“* * * The officers and agents of all 
duly incorporated societies for the pre¬ 
vention of cruelty to animals are declared 
to be peace officers within the provisions 
of Section 154 of the Code of Criminal 
Procedure.” 

3. Section 432 of the Penal Code de¬ 
clares: 

“A person who wilfully stops or ob¬ 
structs the passage of any ambulance or 
vehicle used for the transportation of sick 
or wounded persons or animals upon any 
public street, highway or place, or who 
wilfully injures the same, or wilfully 
drives any vehicle into collision therewith, 
is guilty of a misdemeanor.” 

4. Attention is especially called to the 
whole of Title XVI of the Penal Code, con¬ 
taining Sections 655 to 669, inclusive, relat¬ 
ing to cruelty to animals. 

5. The members of the force shall give ef¬ 
ficient aid to the members and agents of 
“The American Society for the Prevention 
of Cruelty to Animals,” in all lawful efforts 
to enforce the laws enacted for the protec¬ 
tion of dumb animals. It is their duty as 
policemen, in every case of cruelty to ani¬ 
mals occurring in their view or to which 
their attention shall be called by any per¬ 
son willing to make the charge, to promptly 
arrest the offending person, and cause such 
person to be arraigned and prosecuted be¬ 
fore the proper Magistrate. 

6. Members of the force will arrest any 
person who abandons or attempts to aban¬ 
don any animal to die, and report all facts 
therewith at the station house and to the 
above society. 

7. Commanding Officers will instruct the 
members of the force to render every legal 
assistance to the above society and its offi¬ 
cers while engaged in the rightful perform¬ 
ance of their duty under the law. 

8. Every ambulance or other vehicle used 
for the transportation of sick and wounded 
persons or animals shall be entitled to the 
right-of-way over all other vehicles upon 
every public street, highway and place. Any 
person who shall wilfully interfere with or 
retard or obstruct or impede the progress of 
any such ambulance or vehicle thereon, or 
who shall wilfully injure the same, or wil¬ 
fully drive any vehicle into collision there¬ 
with, is guilty of a misdemeanor. 

9. Members of the force shall, when called 
upon, aid the persons in charge of such am¬ 
bulance or vehicle in placing sick or wound¬ 
ed persons or animals therein, and in the en¬ 
forcement of the provisions of the Laws re¬ 
lating to ambulances. 

10. Nothing in this Rule contained shall 
affect the existing right-of-way of the Unit¬ 
ed States Mail, or of the officers, men and 
fire apparatus of the Fire Department or 
Insurance Patrol. 

11. Officers will promptly report the name 
and residence of the owners of unlicensed 
dogs at the station house, and forward a 
written report to the above society, without 
delay. 

12. Notify all people accompanying un¬ 
licensed dogs in the street to procure li¬ 
censes. 


13. Also that a city ordinance requires 
that all dogs while on the public thorough¬ 
fares of the city must be muzzled or on 
leash. 

14. Since the society has charge of prose¬ 
cutions for violation of the laws for the 
protection of animals, all arrests resulting 
in commitment will be reported to the head¬ 
quarters of the society, Madison Avenue 
and 26th Street, on blanks furnished for that 
purpose. 

15. The society furnishes ambulances day 
and night for the transportation of disabled 
animals. 

16. The society issues to its members an 
emblematic button and a card of member¬ 
ship. Members of the force must respect 
this button or card and aid the members of 
the society in the enforcement of the laws 
for the protection of animals. 

17. Call may be made through the police 
telephone system. 

18. Pay particular attention to cases of 
cruelty to animals, especially to the horses 
that are being driven with sores under col¬ 
lars or saddles. 

19. When in the opinion of the police of¬ 
ficer horses or other animals are driven with 
sores, they will immediately stop such ve¬ 
hicle and have the collar, saddle and all of 
the harness, if necessary, removed and 
make a thorough examination of the animal 
and its fitness for work, and promptly ar- 
test any person driving an animal with 
sores, exhausted from work, overloaded, or 
unfit for work. 

20. When an arrest is made for cruelty to 
animals, in addition to notifying the So¬ 
ciety for the Prevention of Cruelty to Ani¬ 
mals and the Humane Society, notify the 
office of the Chief or Borough Inspector by 
telephone before the arraignment before a 
Magistrate of the person arrested, in order 
that an examination of the animal can be 
made by an Officer from said office and the 
prosecution of the case properly conducted. 

21. In all cases of drivers arrested for 
cruelty to animals, apply for a summons for 
the owner of the animal in question under 
Section 655 of the Penal Code. 


PEDDLERS AND PUSH-CARTS. 

RULE 81. 

1. Any person hawking, peddling, vending 
or selling merchandise in the streets of the 
City of New York shall be deemed to be 
a peddler, classified as follows: 

A peddler usin^ a horse and wagon. 

A peddler using a push-cart. 

A peddler carrying merchandise in busi¬ 
ness. 

2. Any vehicle used in peddling shall show 
on each side thereof the words “Licensed 
Peddler” together with its official license 
number. 

3. Peddlers’ licenses are issued from the 
Bureau , of Licenses at the City Hall. No 
licensed peddler shall permit any cart, 
wagon or vehicle to remain upon or encum¬ 
ber any street, avenue or highway for a 


61 



longer period than thirty minutes at one 
time on any one block, nor shall any ped¬ 
dler stand in front of any premises of which 
the owner or the lessee of the ground floor 
thereof object. At the expiration of thirty 
minutes peddlers must remove at least one 
block distant. 

4. No license^ peddler shall permit a cart 
or other vehicle to stand on any street, 
avenue or highway within twenty-five feet 
of any corner of the curb nor within ten 
feet of any other peddler. 

5. No licensed peddler shall use any part 
of a sidewalk or crosswalk for conducting 
business and shall not cast or throw any 
article of any kind or character in the street 
or interfere with the work of the Street 
Cleaning Department. 

6. No licensed peddler shall blow upon 
or use any horn or other instrument for 
the purpose of giving notice of his ap¬ 
proach. 

7. No licensed peddler shall cry or sell 
merchandise on Sunday, or after 9 P. M. or 
before 8 A. M. in the morning of any day, 
except Saturday, when they shall be allowed 
to cry their wares until 11.30 P. M. 

8. No licensed peddler shall be allowed 
to cry his wares within 250 feet of any 
school, church, or hospital between the 
hours of 8 A. M. and 4 P. M. on school 
days. 


PUBLIC HACKS AND HACKMEN. 

RULE 82. 

(See Code of Ordinances.) 

1. Any vehicle kept for hire shall be 
deemed a public hack. A vehicle seating 
two persons inside shall be deeemed a cab 
and a vehicle seating four persons a coach. 
None but licensed hacks shall use the desig¬ 
nated public hack stands of the City. The 
Mayor, through the Bureau of Licenses, is¬ 
sues licenses to hacks. 

2. Every licensed hackman shall carry a 
card showing the legal rates of fare. Every 
public hack must have its license number 
fastened across the lamp on each side of 
the hack, as well as having the license num¬ 
ber on a metal plate inside the vehicle. Pub¬ 
lic hack stands are located at all ferries, 
squares, elevated and subway stations; at all 
steamboat landings fifteen minutes before 
the arrival of steamboats; at all places of 
public amusements fifteen minutes before 
the conclusion of the performance, and at 
all railroad depots five minutes prior to the 
arrival of passenger trains. 

3. All street corners are public hack 
stands from 10 P. M. until sunrise. No more 
than two cabs or coaches shall stand at any 
one time at a subway or elevated station. 

4. Private hack stands are designated by 
the Mayor through the Bureau of Licenses 
with the consent of the property owners or 
lessees where the stands are located. Pri¬ 
vate hack stands are located at hotels and 
restaurants. Licensed hackmen have the 

right to demand pay in advance, but no li¬ 


censed hackman shall refuse to convey any 
orderly person or persons upon request any¬ 
where in the City unless otherwise engaged. 

5. All disputes as to the lawful rate of 
fare when no agreement has been made 
shall be determined by the Police Officer in 
charge at the nearest police station, and, ex¬ 
cepting in the case of a freeholder or house¬ 
holder in the City of New York, failure to 
comply with such determination shall sub¬ 
ject the offending party to a charge of dis¬ 
orderly conduct. 

6. “Cruising” for a less distance than two 
blocks is forbidden. 


PARADES. 

RULE 83. 

1. Street parades are governed by the fol¬ 
lowing: 

“All processions or parades occupying or 
marching upon any street, to the exclusion 
or interruption of other citizens in their in¬ 
dividual right and use thereof (excepting 
the National Guard and the Police and Fire 
Department, and associations of veteran 
soldiers), are forbidden unless written no¬ 
tice of the object, time and route of such 
procession or parade be given by the chief 
officer thereof, not less than six hours pre¬ 
vious to its forming, or marching, to the 
police authorities of the city, and it may be 
lawful for said police authorities to desig¬ 
nate to such procession or parade how much 
of the street in width it can occupy, with 
especial reference to crowded thoroughfares 
through which said procession may move; 
and, when so designated, the chief officer of 
said procession or parade shall be respon¬ 
sible that the designation is obeyed; and it 
shall be the duty of the police authorities 
to furnish such escort as may be necessary 
to protect persons and property and main¬ 
tain the public peace and order. All proces¬ 
sions or parades on Sunday, in any street of 
the city, excepting only funeral processions 
engaged in the actual burial of the dead, 
and processions to and from any place of 
worship in connection with a religious serv¬ 
ice there celebrated, are forbidden; and in 
no such excepted case shall there be any 
music, fireworks, discharge of cannon or 
fire arms, or other disturbing noise; provid¬ 
ed that in any military or Grand Army of 
the Republic funeral, music may be played 
while escorting the body to and from such 
places, but such music shall not be played 
within one block of any place of worship 
where worship is being celebrated. Every 
person wilfully violating any provision of 
this section or any ordinance passed by the 
municipal assembly pursuant to the last 
preceding section shall be guilty of a misde¬ 
meanor punishable with a fine not ex¬ 
ceeding twenty dollars or imprisonment not 
exceeding ten days, or both, at the discre¬ 
tion of the Court.” (Sec. 1457, Greater New 
York Charter.) 

2. Whenever any procession shall find it 
necessary to march across a railway track, 

62 




the portion of said procession which, in so 
marching, is likely to stop the passage of 
any car or cars upon said track, shall come 
to a halt in order to permit said car to pro¬ 
ceed. 

3. When persons comply with the law by 
giving preliminary notice, in writing, “of the 
object, time and route of such (contem¬ 
plated) procession or parade” to the police 
authorities, as required by the statute, the 
procession or parade may lawfully form 
and move on and over such streets and parts 
of streets as shall be designated from Police 


Headquarters. In such case a police escort 
will be ordered and the officers and force 
will be informed, of the object, time and 
route of the procession, when it will be 
their duty to enforce the provisions of the 
law, protect persons and property and main¬ 
tain the public peace. 

4. Any procession or parade which shall 
attempt to form or move, without such pre¬ 
liminary notice, or without compliance with 
the law, will be unlawful and must be pre¬ 
vented. 


BRIEF DEFINITIONS OF COMMON CRIME. 


A CRIME is an act or omission forbidden 
by law and punishable upon conviction by 
death or imprisonment, or removal from 
office, or disqualification to hold public of¬ 
fice or other penal discipline. A person can 
not be punished for a crime until tried and 
convicted. The Penal Code defines most 
crimes and gives the punishment for each 
offense, except special laws relating to auto¬ 
mobiles, pawnbrokers, child labor, excise 
and the like. 

A crime is either a FELONY or a MIS¬ 
DEMEANOR. A felony is a crime which 
may be punishable by death or imprison¬ 
ment in a State prison. A misdemeanor is 
any other crime. 

A peace officer may arrest any person 
whom he sees committing a misdemeanor. 
And he may arrest any one who has com¬ 
mitted a felony, even though he does not 
see the felony committed. A private person 
has almost the same power as a peace offi¬ 
cer, except that he must deliver his prisoner 
to the first peace officer he meets; or ar¬ 
raign the prisoner immediately before a 
magistrate. The ARREST IS MADE by 
restraining the defendant (prisoner) or by 
his submitting to* custody. A private per¬ 
son cannot arrest another upon a warrant, 
but he must help a peace officer to execute 
a warrant if required. He must also help a 
peace officer who is making an arrest with¬ 
out a warrant. 

A WARRANT gives an officer authority 
to forcibly enter a building and overcome 
all resistance while making an arrest. 

A person arrested is entitled to a speedy 
and public trial and to examine the wit¬ 
nesses against him. 

A PEACE OFFICER is a sheriff of a 
county or his deputy, or a constable, or a 
marshal, or a policeman of a city, town or 
village. 

An officer possesses greater power in 
making an arrest for a felony than for a 
misdemeanor, therefore, a list of the prin¬ 
cipal felonies are given as follows: 

ABANDONMENT is the act of leaving a 
child in destitute circumstances. If the child 
is under the age of 14 the punishment is 
7 years’ imprisonment. If the child is over 
14 and under 16 the punishment is 2 years. 

63 


ABDUCTION—Taking or enticing a fe¬ 
male under 18 years, or any female, of pre¬ 
vious chaste character, for the purpose of 
prostitution. (Rape is different.) 

ABORTION — Wilfully procuring the 
miscarriage of a woman unless it is neces¬ 
sary to preserve her life or the life of her 
child. 

ASSAULT is a crime with three degrees. 
The first and second degrees are felonies, 
and the third a misdemeanor. Inflicting se¬ 
rious bodily injury upon another is a fel¬ 
ony, when it is done wilfully, either with 
or without a weapon. The third degree may 
be committed by slapping a person, or other 
offensive contact with his body. 

ARSON is wilfully setting on fire any 
building in a malicious or unlawful man¬ 
ner. There are three degrees. If a human 
life is lost by an act of arson in the first 
degree, the person who caused the fire is 
guilty of MURDER and punishable by 
death. 

ANARCHY is the doctrine that organized 
government should be overthrown by force 
or violence. 

AN ACCESSORY is one who AFTER 
the commission of a felony aids the of¬ 
fender, with intent to have him escape pun¬ 
ishment. 

There can be no “accessory BEFORE the 
commission of an act.” A person who ad¬ 
vises or aids another to commit a crime is 
a PRINCIPAL in the crime, as if he com¬ 
mitted it himself. 

BURGLARY is to break into and enter 
a building with the intention of committing 
a crime therein. It is divided into three de¬ 
grees. A person found guilty of the first 
degree is liable to not less than ten years’ 
imprisonment, and frfay be imprisoned for 
life. When a burglar is armed and breaks 
in at night, it is a first degree offense. 

BRIBERY is the giving of money or 
property to a public officer to induce him 
to act contrary to his duty; or to give 
money to any person to induce him to do 
an unlawful act; or to vote contrary to his 
convictions. 

BLACKMAIL consists in sending or de¬ 
livering a letter or writing, knowingly, ac¬ 
cusing a person of a crime or threatening tq 




injure him, with the intention of extorting 
money or gain. 

BIGAMY—Unlawfully marrying a sec¬ 
ond time, while a former husband or wife 
is known ti be still alive, except when di¬ 
vorced or imprisoned for life, etc. 

A COMMON GAMBLER is one who 
takes part in any gambling game where 
money or property depends upon the re¬ 
sult, or a person who knowingly possesses 
policy tickets. It is a felony. 

COUNTERFEITING is the unlawful 
coinage of money. And is a felony against 
the United States as well as against this 
State. This crime is sometimes classed as 
forgery. 

Selling COCAINE without a doctor’s pre¬ 
scription is a felony. 

COMPOUNDING A CRIME is the 
agreement to receive a reward for not tes¬ 
tifying against a criminal. 

EXTORTION is to obtain money or 
property with the consent of the giver, by 
a wrongful use of force or by causing fear, 
or under color of official right. One form 
of extortion resembles blackmail. 

FORGERY is the false making or alter¬ 
ing of any instrument or writing with in¬ 
tent to defraud. 

HOMICIDE is the killing of a human 
being by the act, procurement or omission 
of another. There are four kinds of homi¬ 
cide: (1) MURDER, which is the killing 
of a human being with intent to effect 
death; (2) EXCUSABLE HOMICIDE, 
which is the killing of another by accident 
where reasonable precaution has been exer¬ 
cised; (3) JUSTIFIABLE HOMICIDE, 
which is the killing of a person in self-de¬ 
fense; (4) MANSLAUGHTER, which is 
the killing of a person in the heat of passion 
but without intent to cause death. 

KIDNAPPING is unlawfully taking away 
a person against his will, or taking away a 
child under 16 for the purpose of stealing 
seme article from its person.' 

MALFEASANCE is the wrongful appro¬ 
priation of property by a public officer, 
which he has been holding in trust. 

LARCENY is the obtaining of property 
in any unlawful manner. There are three 
degrees. The first two are grand larceny 
and are felonies. The obtaining in an un¬ 
lawful manner of property valued at over 
$50, or taking any amount from another’s 
person (pocket picking) is grand larceny. 
The taking of $50 or less, except when 
taken from the person, is petit larceny, and 
is only a misdemeanor. 

Unlawful interference with any RAIL¬ 
ROAD appliance or equipment; or throwing 
missiles at a train, is a felony. 

RAPE is the act of sexual intercourse 
with a female (except the defendant’s wife) 
without her consent; or when, through 
weakness of mind or other cause, she is un¬ 
able to offer resistance; or when she is un¬ 
der 18 years of age, or when she is in the 
custody of the law. 

RIOTING is the united action of three or 
more persons who offer violence to or in¬ 
flict injury on other persons or property in 


an unlawful manner, and while disturbing 
the peace. 

ROBBERY is the unlawful taking of 
property from the person of another by 
means of force or violence by inspiring fear 
or injury. There are three degrees. 

SEDUCTION is to obtain sexual inter¬ 
course with a female of previous chaste 
character under promise of marriage. 

SUICIDE is the intentional taking of 
one’s own life. A person who aids or ad¬ 
vises another to commit suicide is guilty of 
a felony. 

TREASON is the act of levying war 
against the State, or giving aid to the ene¬ 
mies of the United States in time of war. 
It Js punishable by death. 

The first degree of all crimes receives 
much heavier punishment than the lesser de¬ 
grees. The jury determines the degree of 
a crime. 

A CHILD under 7 is NOT CAPABLE 
OF COMMITTING CRIME. A child be¬ 
tween 7 and 12 may be held for a crime if 
it can be shown that the child knew the 
wrongfulness of the act. 


COMMON CRIMES CLASSIFIED. 
FELONIES. 


Penal Code 
Sections. 

Abandonment .287, 287-a 

Abduction. 282 

Abortion . 294 

Anarchy (Criminal) . 468-a 

Arson. 468 

Assault (Felonious) . 217 

Assault and Robbery. 224 

Assault on Officer. 219 

Attempted Arson .; 34, 486 

Attempted Assault (Felonious)... 34,210 

Attempted Blackmail . 34,558 

Attempted Burglary. 34, 496 

Attempted Extortion . 34,552 

Attempted Grand Larceny. 34,528 

Attempted Rape .34,278 

Attempted Robbery . 34,224 

Attempted Suicide . 34,174 

Bigamy . 298 

Blackmail . 558 

Bribery . 45 

Burglary . 496 

Carrying Burglars’ Tools. 508 

Carrying Dangerous Weapons... 410 

Common Gambler. 344 

Counterfeiting .. 511 

Election Law, Violation of. 41 

Escaped Prisoner. 84 

Extortion . 552 

Forgery .. 520 

Grand Larceny. 528 

Homicide . 179 

Keeping Pool Room. 351 

Kidnapping . 211 

Lottery Law, Violation of. 323 

Maiming . 206 

Malicious’ Mischief, and other in¬ 
juries to property. 635 

Perjury . 906 

Policy Law, Violation of. 344-a 


64 







































Possession of Counterfeit U. 

Money . 

Rape .’ ^ 

Receiving Stolen Goods!!...]. 

Robbery . 

Seduction ..* ( 

Sodomy . 


S. 

526 
278 
551 
224 
284 
. .303, 304 


MISDEMEANORS. 

Abandonment . 656 

Assault, Third Degree. 219 

Attempt at Pocket Picking. 34,535 

Carrying Concealed Weapons. 410 

Cruelty to Animals. 655 

Discharging Firearms . 427 

“Disorderly Conduct, Tending to a 
Breach of the Peace,” Secs. 707 


to 711, Greater N. Y. Charter, 

* nd ••.subd. 4,725 

Disorderly Persons, Sec. 899, Code 
Crim. Pro. 

Indecent Exposure of Person.... 316 
Intoxication, Sec. 707, Greater N. 

Y. Charter. 


Keeping Disorderly House. 

Malicious Mischief .. 

Petit Larceny . 

Sabbath Breaking . 

Vagrancy, Sec. 887, Code Crim. 
Pro. 

Violation of Health Law, Sec. 1464, 
Greater N. Y. Charter. 

Violation of Liquor Tax Law, 
Chap. 486, State Laws of 1903. 


322 
639 
535 
359, 377 


GOVERNMENT. 


UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT. 

This chapter contains a brief and simple 
outline of the construction of the Govern¬ 
ment of the City of New York, the State 
of New York and of the United States; 
Laws and Court Procedure, such as are gen¬ 
erally required to be known by applicants 
for civil service positions, especially by 
those desiring to enter the Police and Fire 
Departments; definitions of the principal 
crimes, and an abstract of the Charter of 
the City of New York. 

To many applicants Government is the 
most difficult branch. Therefore, in the 
chapters which follow an effort is made to 
make the subject as simple as possible, put¬ 
ting technical language in plain words and 
eliminating a mass of unnecessary matter. 

Many of the questions asked at examina¬ 
tions are from laws based on the CONSTI¬ 
TUTION, which contain the fundamental 
principles of all our laws. 

The Government of the United States is 
variously called the Federal Government, 
the Commonwealth, the National Govern¬ 
ment, a Republic, a Democracy. It is di¬ 
vided into three departments or bodies: 
The EXECUTIVE, the LEGISLATIVE 
and the JUDICIAL. 

An EXECUTIVE OFFICER is one who 
is charged with the enforcement of the laws 
or management of the affairs of a depart¬ 
ment. The PRESIDENT .of the United 
States is the Chief Executive Officer of the 
nation. He is elected by the people indi¬ 
rectly through the ELECTORS, who are 
elected by the people at a general election. 
A Vice-President is chosen at the same 
time. In case the President’s office becomes 
vacant, the Vice-President serves the re¬ 
mainder of the unexpired term. If the lat¬ 
ter is unable to act the Secretary of State 
acts as President. 

The President is the Commander-i-n 
Chief of the Army and Navy. He may 
PARDON or reprieve a person convicted of 


any CRIME, except where a person has 
been impeached. This is called a JUDI¬ 
CIAL FUNCTION, because it sets aside an 
act of the courts. He appoints the heads of 
most Federal departments, such as the Sec¬ 
retary of War, Attorney-General, Postmas¬ 
ter-General, Collector of the Port, Emigra¬ 
tion Commissioners, etc. 

The LEGISLATIVE DEPARTMENT is 
the law-making body, and consists of a 
Senate and House of Representatives, 
which together are called CONGRESS. 
The members of the House of Representa¬ 
tives are elected by the people for two 
years, one Representative to every 30,000 
inhabitants. 

The SENATE is composed of two Sen¬ 
ators from each State, who are chosen for 
six years by the Legislature of that State. 
The Vice-President of the United States is 
the President of the Senate. 

Congress has the sole power of IM¬ 
PEACHMENT over United States officials, 
but punishment for impeachment shall not 
be greater than removal from office. Im¬ 
peachment is not a bar to prosecution for 
a crime committed by a public official. 

Members of Congress cannot be arrested 
when going to or returning therefrom, ex¬ 
cept for treason, felony or breach of the 
peace. 

All bills passed by the Legislature must 
be approved by the President to become 
laws. If he VETOES (disapproves) of a 
measure, it does not become a law un¬ 
less Congress repasses it by a two-thirds 
vote. The veto power may be classed as a 
LEGISLATIVE FUNCTION, for it tem¬ 
porarily sets aside an act of the legisla¬ 
ture. 

Congress has power to collect taxes, du¬ 
ties on imports and provide for the general 
welfare and defense of the nation; to coin 
money and punish piracies and felonies 
committed on the high seas (the high seas 
commence three miles from the coast line); 

65 




















to declare war and punish offenses against 
the law of nations. In general, Congress 
legislates on matters of general concern to 
the country at large, and does not interfere 
with the affairs of individual States except 
so far as such affairs affect other States or 
the nation as a whole. 

THE JUDICIAL DEPARTMENT of 
the nation is composed of the U. S. courts, 
which adjust disputes between individuals 
and decide whether or not laws enacted are 
not in accordance with the principles of the 
Constitution of the United States. If a 
LAW is found to be contrary to the spirit 
of the Constitution of the United States, 
whether passed by Congress or a State 
Legislature, the United States courts de¬ 
clare it unconstitutional. It then becomes 
void. This acts as a check on bad legisla¬ 
tion. The Federal Judges are appointed by 
the President for life, or during good be¬ 
havior. 


STATE GOVERNMENT. 

THE STATE GOVERNMENT is found¬ 
ed on the same principles as the Federal 
Government, with an Executive, a Legis¬ 
lative and a Judicial Department. This 
plan also extends to city and town govern¬ 
ments. 

The GOVERNOR IS THE CHIEF EX¬ 
ECUTIVE of the State. He is elected for 
two years by the people. He is Com- 
mander-in-Chief of the Army and Navy of 
the State. He may pardon and reprieve a 
person found guilty of any crime under the 
State laws except in the case of impeach¬ 
ment and treason. All bills passed by the 
Legislature are sent to him for approval or 
disapproval. If he VETOES a bill the 
Legislature may pass it over his veto by 
a two-thirds vote. He may hold a bill ten 
days (Sundays excepted); if he does not 
then sign or return the bill, it becomes a 
law, unless the Legislature has adjourned 
in the meantime. If so, he has thirty days 
in which to consider the measure. 

The Governor does not have a Cabinet 
like the President of the United States. In¬ 
stead of appointing the principal officers 
of the State, they are elected. At the same 
time that the Governor is elected the five 
principal officers of the State administration 
are elected, namely: The Secretary of 
State, Comptroller, Attorney-General and 
State Engineer. The Governor appoints 
the following: Superintendent of State 
Prisons, Superintendent of Banks, Super¬ 
intendent of Insurance, State Commissioner 
of Licenses, Excise Commissioner, Super¬ 
intendent of Elections and Health Officer of 
the Port of New York. 

In most State and county elective offices 
(except members of the Legislature) the 
Governor may appoint a person to fill a 
vacancy until the next election, when the 
office is filled in the regular manner. The 
Governor has the POWER OF REMOVAL 
of mayors, borough presidents, sheriffs, dis¬ 
trict attorneys and other elective officials 


from whose rule the people could not other¬ 
wise be freed. 

THE LEGISLATURE is the law-making 
body of the State, and consists of a Senate 
and Assembly. The members of both 
houses are elected by the people. A bill 
may originate in either house. While in 
the Legislature or while going thereto or 
returning therefrom members are free from 
arrest under State laws except for treason, 
felony or breach of the peace. The Legis¬ 
lature has power to make laws affecting the 
State only. It cannot legislate on matters 
affecting other States nor the Federal Gov¬ 
ernment. 

WHEN A BILL is passed which AP¬ 
PLIES ONLY TO A PARTICULAR 
CITY it is sent to the Mayor of the city 
affected for his approval or disapproval. 
After that it is sent to the Governor. If 
the Mayor vetoes it the Legislature may 
pass it over his veto by a majority vote. 

When a law is passed it becomes effective 
twenty days later, unless it is otherwise 
specified. Laws are called acts, because of 
the premable on each bill, “Be it enacted.” 

LAW may be DEFINED as a rule of 
action of a community or State for the 
control and guidance of its inhabitants. 
There are many kinds of laws, but the two 
principal kinds are civil and criminal laws. 

The CIVIL LAW governs the actions 
of one individual towards another and deals 
with disputes, not crimes, such as payment 
of debts, disputes over property, breach of 
contract, divorce cases and the like. An 
offense against the civil law is called a 
TORT, with which policemen have noth¬ 
ing to do, except to preserve the peace 
when a civil officer is executing the process 
of a competent court. 

The CRIMINAL LAW governs actions 
which are a menace to the peace or welfare 
of the community in general. Although 
only a single individual may be the victim 
of a murder, for example, the act is con¬ 
sidered to be an injury to the whole com¬ 
munity. Such acts are known as offenses 
against the State and are called CRIMES, 
even if only attempted. It is with the 
criminal law that policemen have to deal. 
Offenses against the civil law are punish¬ 
able by restitution, but for offenses against 
the criminal law penalties are imposed. 
These penalties .may be fines, imprisonment 
or death, accordin gto the nature of the 
crime. 

The JUDICIAL DEPARTMENT of the 
State consists • of a long line of courts, 
which lead to the COURT OF APPEALS. 
This court consists of seven justices, who 
are elected by the people for terms of four¬ 
teen years. It is the highest court of the 
State. It decides cases of law only, except 
where CAPITAL PUNISHMENT (the 
death penalty) is involved. Cases originat¬ 
ing in the lower courts are sometimes taken 
to the Court of Appeals. This is especially 
so in cases where the constitutionality of 
a law is questioned. If a LAW IS FOUND 
TO BE UNCONSTITUTIONAL it is no 
longer in effect. Appeals are taken to this 

66 



court without regard to the amount of 
property involved. Appeals may be taken 
from the Court of Appeals to the United 
States Supreme Court, provided that it is 
a matter for Federal interference. 


STATE AND CITY COURTS. 

The Court for the trial of IMPEACH¬ 
MENT tries all civil officers who may be 
impeached by the Assembly. The Court 
consists of the President of the Senate (the 
Lieutenant-Governor), a majority of the 
Senators and Judges of the Court of Ap¬ 
peals. A two-thirds vote of the court is 
necessary to secure conviction. This court 
cannot inflict further punishment than re¬ 
moval from office, but the person may be 
otherwise punished for his offense. Judges 
are not impeached, but may be removed by 
the Legislature. City Magistrates may be 
removed by the Appellate Division of the 
Supreme Court. 

THE SUPREME COURT decides cases 
both of law and equity (equity is the ad¬ 
ministration of justice on the merits of a 
case without adhering to technical points 
of law). This court is divided into a Trial 
Division and an Appellate Division. The 
Trial Term is the highest court of original 
jurisdiction (original jurisdiction is where 
a case may be taken to a court without go¬ 
ing through a lower court). The Trial 
Term of the Supreme Court usually hears 
civil cases where the amount involved ex¬ 
ceeds $2,000, divorce cases and the like. It 
has both civil and criminal branches. 

The APPELLATE DIVISION hears 
both civil and criminal cases which are ap- 
oealed from decisions of the lower courts. 
The judges of the Supreme Court are elect¬ 
ed by the people for fourteen years. 

The State is divided into four Judicial 
Departments. New York City is within the 
first and second departments. 

COUNTY COURTS have jurisdiction in 
civil cases where the amount involved does 
not exceed $2,000. They also possess crim¬ 
inal jurisdiction. There is no county court 
in New York County (Manhattan and The 
Bronx), but its place is filled by the CITY 
COURT in civil masters and the COURT 
OF GENERAL SESSIONS in criminal 
matters. 

Kings County (Brooklyn) has two county 
courts, which may try criminal cases and 
impose capital punishment. No other 
county court may try cases where the crime 
is punishable by death. 

Queens (Long Island) and Richmond 
(Staten Island) counties each have a 
county court and a SURROGATE’S 
COURT. The latter exercises supervision 
over wills and inheritances and appoints 
guardians for minors and incompetent per¬ 
sons, where property is involved. The Sur¬ 
rogate is a county official and is elected by 
the people. Judges of the county courts 
are elected for six vears. 

CORONERS’ COURTS are for the in¬ 
vestigation of deaths which appear to be 


caused by the commission of a crime. Cor¬ 
oners also take statements of persons who 
appear to be in danger of death as the re¬ 
sult of a crime. This is called an ANTE¬ 
MORTEM STATEMENT and may be 
used as evidence. The Coroner may issue 
a warrant of arrest under those circum¬ 
stances which may be executed in any 
county in the State without further indorse¬ 
ment. The Coroner is a county official and 
is elected to office. Manhattan Borough 
has four Coroners, Brooklyn two and 
Queens and Richmond one each. 

The Commissioner of Jurors, who is ap¬ 
pointed by the Appellate Division of the 
Supreme Court, draws the list of jurors. 
They are then notified by the Sheriff that 
they are required to serve. 

A GRAND JURY is composed of not 
less than sixteen nor more than twenty- 
three persons. A TRIAL JURY consists 
of twelve. 

THE INFERIOR COURTS LAW, 
which was enacted in 1910, somewhat 
changed the method of procedure in the 
City Magistrates’ Courts (police courts) 
and the Courts of Special Sessions. 

A person who possesses an identification 
card from the Police Commissioner is not 
arrested now for violating the City Ordi¬ 
nances or violating the Motor Vehicle Law. 
They are summoned to court by the police 
instead. The summons issued by the police¬ 
man is as binding as if issued by a Magis¬ 
trate. 

There is a NIGHT COURT for women 
in Jefferson Market and a Night Court for 
men in East 57th Street. Only prisoners 
charged with misdemeanors (smaller of¬ 
fenses) are taken to night courts. 

The finger prints of persons convicted of 
prostitution are taken for identification. 
Persons charged with any crime are first 
taken to the City Magistrates’ courts, where 
the Magistrate may fine or imprison them, 
if the crime be trivial; but if the crime 
charged against them be serious, and they 
appear to be guilty, they are held either for 
the Court of SPECIAL SESSIONS or 
GENERAL SESSIONS. 

Special Sessions tries cases of misde¬ 
meanors but General Sessions tries all 
crimes after an indictment has first been 
found by the Grand Jury. 

The justices of Special Sessions and City 
Magistrates are appointed by the Mayor. 
The judges of the other courts are elected. 

The courts may appoint PROBATION 
OFFICERS, who have the power of peace 
officers. Their duties are to inquire into 
the character and habits of prisoners who 
have been convicted of a crime and re¬ 
leased on their good behavior. The Pro¬ 
bation Officers report their findings to the 
courts to which they are assigned. 

New York City is divided into two di¬ 
visions of criminal jurisdiction. The first 
division is Manhattan and The Bronx. The 
second is Brooklyn, Queens and Richmond. 
There is a DOMESTIC RELATIONS 
COURT in each division, which tries all 
cases of non-support of wives, poor rela- 

67 



tives, etc. There is a Chief City Magistrate 
and a Board of Magistrates in each di¬ 
vision. 

THE CHILDREN’S COURT, which 
tries all cases of children under 16, is a 
branch of the Special Sessions Court. 

There are six City Magistrates (besides 
the two night courts) in Manhattan, two in 
The Bronx and eight in Brooklyn. 

Magistrates’ Courts and Special Sessions 
Courts are INFERIOR COURTS of crim¬ 
inal jurisdiction. They and the Municipal 
Courts are courts not of record. There are 
13 Municipal Courts in Manhattan, 2 in 
Richmond, 2 in The Bronx, 3 in Queens 
and 5 in Brooklyn. The Municipal Judges 
are elected. They must be lawyers of 5 
years’ experience. Their term of office is 
10 years. They cannot engage in any other 
kind of business. 

Municipal Courts have jurisdictions in 
civil cases if the amount involved does not 
exceed $500, except damages for false im¬ 
prisonment, malicious prosecution, loss of a 
husband or wife or loss of society. 


COUNTY OFFICIALS. 

The DISTRICT ATTORNEY is a 
county official who is elected by the people. 
His duty is to prosecute all crimes com¬ 
mitted in the county. He may be removed 
for cause by the Governor. 

SHERIFFS and COUNTY CLERKS are 
elected for each of the four counties in 
Greater New York. They are county offi¬ 
cials. 

The REGISTER OF RECORDS keeps a 
record of all transfers of real estate and 
mortgages. He and the PUBLIC ADMIN¬ 
ISTRATOR are county officials. 

All of the above named officials are also 
classed as executive officers. 


CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS, ELEC¬ 
TION LAWS AND POLITI¬ 
CAL TERMS. 

The STATE CONSTITUTION con¬ 
forms to the United States Constitution and 
provides the following: “The right of the 
people to assemble and petition the Gov¬ 
ernment; religious freedom; freedom of the 
press and freedom of speech; the right of 
citizens to bear firearms; trial by jury; ex¬ 
cessive bail, excessive fines or cruel or un¬ 
usual punishment shall not be imposed; a 
person arrested shall have a speedy and 
public trial and be confronted with the wit¬ 
nesses against him and be defended by 
counsel; no person shall be compelled to be 
a witness against himself in any criminal 
proceeding, nor be deprived of life, liberty 
or property without due process of law; no 
person shall be placed on trial a second 
time, for an offense of which he has been 
previously convicted or acquitted. 

A man who has been a citizen for 90 days 
and a resident of the State for one year, of 
the county four months and of the election 

68 


district thirty days, who has never been 
convicted of bribery or other infamous 
crime, has the RIGHT TO VOTE. A per¬ 
son who makes a bet on an election cannot 
vote thereat. 

In cities of the first and second class 
GENERAL ELECTIONS are held in the 
odd numbered years. Presidential elections 
are held in the even numbered years. 

PRIMARY ELECTIONS are held once 
a year. The primary election is for the 
purpose of electing leaders of the various 
parties, who act as delegates to the party 
conventions at which candidates for public 
office are nominated. The primary is held 
seven weeks before the general election. 
The difference between the primary and an 
election is that at the former party leaders 
are chosen, while at the latter public offi¬ 
cials are chosen. 

Any political organization which casts 
over 100,000 votes for Governor may be 
recognized as a POLITICAL PARTY. 
The object of this is to prevent irrespon¬ 
sible people from placing a great number 
of candidates in the contest for public of¬ 
fice who have no chance of being elected. 

A person who has been sent to State’s 
Prison loses his right to vote unless he has 
been pardoned and restored to citizenship 
by the Governor. A person sent to a Re¬ 
formatory does not lose his right to vote. 
The polls are open on election day from 6 
A. M. to 5 P. M. No electioneering is al¬ 
lowed within 100 feet of them. Saloons 
are not allowed to be open within one-quar¬ 
ter of a mile of a polling place. 

A CHALLENGE is to question a man’s 
right to vote, but it does not prevent him 
voting if he swears that he possesses all 
the necessary qualifications for voting. 
This is called “SWEARING IN HIS 
VOTE.” 

In cities of over 5,000 inhabitants no 
man can vote unless he has previously reg¬ 
istered his name for that purpose. The 
days of registration are: About three 
weeks, for first two days, and about two 
weeks, for the last two days before election. 
False registration and illegal voting are fel¬ 
onies, punishable by five years’ imprison¬ 
ment. Any unlawful interference with per¬ 
sons about to vote or with the election ma¬ 
terial is a misdemeanor. 

Any person who pays a consideration for 
an election or appointment to a public of¬ 
fice shall forfeit his office and be forever 
barred from holding public office. 

Election day is the first Tuesday after 
the first Monday in November. 

THE REFERENDUM is a method of 
submitting a law which has been passed by 
the Legislature to the people for their vote 
of approval or disapproval. It does not 
become a law if a majority vote against it. 

THE INITIATIVE is that a law may be 
drawn up by any citizen and if it is signed 
by a certain number of people it may be 
submitted to all the people for a vote. If 
a majority favors, it becomes a law. 

PROPORTIONAL REPRESENTA¬ 
TION is that each political party be repre- 




sented according to the number of votes 
cast. 

THE RECALL is a system of removing 
from office by the people’s vote, public of¬ 
ficials who have been elected and failed in 
their duties. 


CITY GOVERNMENT. 

The powers of the CITY GOVERN-. 
MENT are derived from the State Legis¬ 
lature and are set forth in an instrument 
called the CHARTER, which defines the 
city’s liabilities and privileges. 

CITIES are divided into THREE 
CLASSES. The first class includes those 
having a population of 250,000 or over; the 
second class those of 50,000 or over. All 
below 50,000 are in the third class. No 
definite population is required to make a 
city. Where a large proportion of the vot¬ 
ers desire it, the Legislature grants a city- 
charter. The present charter of New York 
City, which became a law in January, 1908, 
has been amended by the Legislature many 
times. 


THE MAYOR. 

THE MAYOR, who is elected for four 
years by the people, is the chief executive 
of the City Government, and is responsible 
for its administration and the enforcement 
of its laws. There are fifteen departments, 
with a commissioner at the head of each 
(except two) to aid him in the performance 
of these functions. He may appoint and re¬ 
move at will the heads of those depart- 
ments, except the Comptroller (who is 
elected) and members of the Board of Ed- 

UC With the exception of the Comptroller 
and Corporation Counsel, who receive sal¬ 
aries of $15,000 a year, the hea( ^ ° f 
departments receive salaries of $7,500 a 

y6 The Borough Presidents and the heads of 
departments are also classed as the execu- 
of the City Government. 

THE SIXTEEN DEPARTMENTS of 
the City Government are: Finance, Law, 
Police Water, Gas and Electricity, Chari¬ 
ties Correction, Street Cleaning, Bridges, 
Parks Fire, Taxes, and Assessments Edu¬ 
cation Health, Tenement House, Docks 
and Ferries, and Department of Licenses. 

In case of war or pestilence the Mayor 
may, by proclamation, designate the place 
to hold any court, except the Court of Ap¬ 
peals. He has the powers of a M * glst ^ at ®; 
P The Mayor shall report to the Board of 
Aldermen at least once a year the condi¬ 
tion of the City’s finances, and he shall 
keep himself informed of the doings of the 

various departments. TTTF CTTY 

All ORDINANCES OF THE Li i * 
A pi? PASSED bv the Board of Aldermen, 
wUh the approval of the. Mayor. If the 
Mayor does not sign or reject an ordinance 
within ten days, it becomes a law, just as 
if he had signed and approved it. 


The Board of Alderitien may pass an 
ordinance by three-fourths of its vote over 
the Mayor’s veto. The Mayor’s salary is 
$15,000 a year. 

The Mayor, Comptroller, District At¬ 
torney and Sheriff may be REMOVED BY 
THE GOVERNOR on charges. The May¬ 
or may be suspended for thirty days pend¬ 
ing the outcome of charges, which are in¬ 
vestigated by the Attorney-General. 


THE BOARD OF ALDERMEN. 

The PRESIDENT of the Board of Aider- 
men is elected by the people in the same 
manner as the Mayor. In case the Mayor 
is absent, through illness, etc., the Presi¬ 
dent of the Board of Aldermen shall act as 
Mayor. In case of a vacancy he shall so 
act until noon of January 1st next succeed¬ 
ing an election, at which a new Mayor shall 
be elected, during which time he possesses 
all the powers of the Mayor except that he 
cannot appoint or remove heads of depart¬ 
ments unless the Mayor be absent thirty 
days, and he cannot sign nor reject any 
ordinance unless the Mayor is absent nine 
days. 

The Board of Aldermen shall elect a 
VICE-CHAIRMAN, who takes the Presi¬ 
dent’s place when the latter is absent, dur¬ 
ing which time he possesses all powers of 
the President of the Board of Aldermen. 
If an Alderman dies, another one is elected 
by his associates to serve the remainder of 
the unexpired term. The latter is to be of 
the same political faith as the deceased 
member. 

There are seventy-three Aldermanic Dis¬ 
tricts in New York. 

The head of each department is entitled 
to a seat in the Chamber of the Board of 
Aldermen, and he may participate in the 
discussions, but he cannot vote. He must 
answer all questions about his department, 
provided that he is given forty-eight hours’ 
notice of the nature of the questions to be 
asked. 

The head of each department makes an 
annual report to the Mayor upon the gen¬ 
eral condition of his department. 

The Board of Aldermen appoints a CITY 
CLERK, for six years, when a vacancy 
occurs, who may be removed by the Board 
of Aldermen, by a two-thirds vote, on 
charges. He shall have charge of ordi¬ 
nances and records of the Board of Aider- 
men. He also issues marriage licenses and 
auctioneers’ licenses. 

No money shall be expended for public 
ceremonies, etc., exfe£pt by a vote of four- 
fifths of the Board of Aldermen. They are 
the trustees of the city property. They 
appoint Commissioners of Deeds. 

A FRANCHISE is a privilege given by 
the city to a private party to operate a 
railroad, tunnel or ferry. 

THE BOARD OF ESTIMATE AND 
APPORTIONMENT grants franchises to 
railroad companies, tunnel companies, etc. 
This power was formerly exercised by the 
Board of Aldermen and the Mayor. 


69 



The Board of Aldermen may appoint a 
committee to examine City Departments to 
ascertain if they are properly managed. 
They fix the salaries of public officers with 
the approval of the Board of Estimate and 
Apportionment. They may establish parks, 
streets, docks, etc., and may condemn land 
for such purposes, and authorize the issue 
of bonds for public improvements, with the 
consent of the Board of Estimate and Ap¬ 
portionment, and they regulate the use of 
the streets, speed of vehicles, driving, etc. 
The Mayor may call a meeting of the Board 
of Aldermen at any time. 

Rules for the Government of the Police, 
Health, Fire, Park and Building Depart¬ 
ments may be made by the Board of Aider- 
men. The Mayor and Borough Presidents 
are ex-officio (by right of office) members 
of the Board of Aldermen. The other 
members of the Board of Aldermen are 
designated as “The Aldermen Elected.” 

The Board of Aldermen constitute the 
CITY’S LEGISLATURE. And this body 
may enact local laws (known as ordinances, 
from the preamble, “be it ordained”) for 
the city, which do not conflict with the 
State laws. The Board’s' power extends 
over Greater New York only. 


can enter into agreements which involve 
the outlay of the City’s money. 

The Comptroller is head of the FI¬ 
NANCE DEPARTMENT, which is divided 
into six bureaus, as follows: 

1st. Bureau of Collection of City Revenue 
and Markets, which collects rents of mar¬ 
kets and revenue accruing on interests of 
bonds, etc., the Chief Officer of which is the 
Collector of City Revenue and Superintend¬ 
ent of Markets. 

2d. Bureau for Collection of Taxes, the 
Chief Officer of which is the Receiver of 
Taxes. 

3d. Collector of Assessments and Ar¬ 
rears. 

4th. Auditing Bureau, which revises and 
settles accounts in which the City is 
debtor or creditor. 

5th. Bureau for Reception and Safe 
Keeping of all City Money paid into the 
Treasury, the Chief Officer of which is 
CHAMBERLAIN. He must file a bond of 
$300,000, with four sureties, for the faithful 
performance of his duties and the delivery 
of all money intrusted to his care. 

6th is the Bureau of Statistics. 

THE CHAMBERLAIN 


THE BOARD OF ESTIMATE AND AP¬ 
PORTIONMENT 

consists of the Mayor, Comptroller, Presi¬ 
dent of the Board of Aldermen and the 
five Borough Presidents. The Mayor, 
Comptroller and President of the Board of 
Aldermen shall each be entitled- to cast 
three votes. The Presidents of the Bor¬ 
oughs of Manhattan and Brooklyn shall 
each be entitled to cast two votes. The 
Presidents of the Boroughs of Richmond, 
Bronx and Queens cast one vote each. A 
quorum consists of a number sufficient to 
cast nine votes, at which two of the mem¬ 
bers having three votes each shall be pres¬ 
ent. The first meeting each year shall be 
called by a notice from the Mayor, who 
presides at all meetings. Any taxpayer 
may offer his views upon the business trans¬ 
acted at such meetings. 

They prepare the ANNUAL BUDGET to 
meet the expenses of the City, with the 
concurrence of the Board of Aldermen. 
The Board of Aldermen can reduce the 
amount of appropriations, but cannot in¬ 
crease them. The approval of the Board 
of Estimate and Apportionment is neces¬ 
sary before the head of any department 
can transfer money from one fund to an¬ 
other. 


THE COMPTROLLER 

is elected the same as the Mayor. In case 
his position becomes vacant his successor 
shall be appointed by the Mayor until the 
1st of January following an election, at 
which a Comptroller shall be elected, who 
will serve the remainder of the unexpired 
term. The approval of the Comptroller is 
required by any city employee before fie 


is appointed by the Mayor. He is Treas¬ 
urer of New York County. The Receiver 
of Taxes, the Collector and Assistant Col- 
a C Assessments and Arrears, the 

Auditor and Superintendent of City Rev¬ 
enue and Markets are appointed by the 
Comptroller. The Comptroller may also 
appoint two deputies and one assistant dep¬ 
uty. * 

The Finance Department has entire 
charge of MARKETS. That part of Wall- 
about Market called “Farmers’ Square” is 
reserved for market gardening. A permit 
trom the Finance Department is necessary 
before erecting a stand or stall in a public 
market. The Comptroller has power to 
rent or lease any part of Wallabout Mar¬ 
ket, except the docks or piers. 

The Comptroller may issue bonds, with 
authority of the COMMISSIONERS 
OF THE SINKING FUND, but not to ex 
ceed $2,000,000 in one year. Bonds for 
greater amounts are issued by the Board 
of Aldermen, with the approval of the 
Board of Estimate and Apportionment. 
Bonds are issued by the City for the pur- 

fo OS t e he 0f hig 0 he r s 0 tTfde m rr ney - They ^ SO,d 

™ e Comptroller and his Deputies have 
power to administer oaths when adjusting 
claims for or against the City. He shall 
submit to the Board of Aldermen each year, 
four weeks before its annual meeting a 
statement showing the amount of taxes 
necessary to be raised. 

THE COMMISSIONER OF ACCOUNTS 

books of the Comptroller 
and the Chamberlain, and report to the 
Mayor the financial conditions of the Citv 
as shown by such books. He may also ex' 


70 


amine books of other City Departments, 
administer oaths and compel the attend¬ 
ance of witnesses during such examinations. 

The heads of all departments may main¬ 
tain offices, with deputies, assistants, etc., 
in other Borouhs. 


THE CORPORATION COUNSEL 

is the head of the LAW DEPARTMENT. 
He appoints and removes assistants. He 
conducts all legal proceedings for the city. 
He shall not permit or confess judgment 
for or against the City without the written 
consent of the Comptroller; and if the sum 
involved exceeds $10,000, he must have the 
written approval of the Mayor. 

When a City employee is summoned to 
court to be examined for an act done in 
the performance of duty, the Corporation 
Counsel shall defend him. The three prin¬ 
cipal bureaus of the Law Department are: 
The Bureau of Penalties, the Bureau of 
Arrears and Personal Taxes and the Bureau 
of Street Opening. The Corporation Coun¬ 
sel appoints the head of the Bureau of 
Street Opening and other employees there¬ 
of, and regulates their salaries, subject to 
Civil Service regulations. The Assistant 
Corporation Counsel assigned to this bureau 
shall cause his subordinates to act as clerks 
for the BOARD OF ESTIMATE AND 
APPORTIONMENT, in all matters relat¬ 
ing to the opening of streets and parks. 
The laying out of streets and parks must be 
previously advertised in the City Record. 

THE BOARD OF TAXES AND ASSESS¬ 
MENTS 

consists of five Tax Commissioners, ap¬ 
pointed by the Mayor, one of whom shall 
be designated president in his appointment. 
One of them shall be a lawyer. They shall 
appoint Deputy Tax Commissioners, not to 
exceed forty in number, and prescribe their 
duties, each of whom shall be an elector 
and freeholder in the Borough from which 

^THE^BOARD OF REVISION OF 
TAXES AND ASSESSMENTS consists of 
the Comptroller, Corporation Counsel and 
Fresident of the Department of Taxes. 

THE BOARD OF LOCAL ASSESS¬ 
MENTS consists of three persons, ap¬ 
pointed by the Mayor. 

THE SINKING FUND COMMISSION 

is composed of the Mayor, Comptroller 
Chamberlain, President of the Board of 
Aldermen and the Chairman of .the fi¬ 
nance Committee of the Board of Alder 
men. A sinking fund is a savings fun 
which exists to accumulate money for the 
payment of debts secured by bonds, often 
not payable for fifty years. If it were not 
for the Sinking Fund enormous indebted¬ 
nesses would fall due without any fund to 
Sfect them. The Sinking, Fund Commis¬ 
sion has power to lease City property and 
to sell City property, with the concurrence 


71 


of the Board of Aldermen, when it is no 
longer needed for its original purpose. 
They cannot sell parks, wharves or land 
under water. They adjust disputes between 
private property owners and the City, re¬ 
specting boundary lines, etc. They cancel 
bonds and stocks of the City on maturity 
and liquidate the City’s debt. They assign 
places to hold the City’s COURTS and 
JAILS. 

They have charge of the WATER 
SINKING FUND, which is used to pay the 
debt incurred for the City’s water supply, 
and the General Sinking Fund, which is 
used to pay off interest on stocks and 
bonds of the City. They shall preserve in¬ 
violate the rights of holders of stocks and 
bonds issued by the City. Money from 
assessments of local improvements, sale and 
rental of City property, etc., is paid into 
the Sinking Fund. Property sold by them 
must be at public auction, after being ad¬ 
vertised in the City Record. All applica¬ 
tions to lease real estate for the City, in¬ 
cluding Armories, etc., must be passed upon 
by this Commission. 

A FRANCHISE may be granted to a 
FERRY COMPANY without advertising, 
by a unanimous vote of the Sinking Fund 
Commission and Dock Commissioner; 
otherwise it must be advertised and sold 
to the highest bidder. 

The Sinking Fund Commissioners and 
Dock Commissioner may establish ferries 
between Richmond and Brooklyn. 

The Sinking Fund Commission and the 
Board of Estimate and Apportionment are 
two of the most important boards of the 
City Government. The Mayor, Comptrol¬ 
ler and President of the Board of Aider- 
men being members of both boards, which 
act as a check upon other boards and de¬ 
partments. 


DOCK DEPARTMENT. 

The Mayor appoints a Commissioner of 
Docks and Ferries. He appoints and re¬ 
moves at pleasure, one Deputy Commis¬ 
sioner. The Commissioner cannot execute 
any lease, contract, etc., without the ap¬ 
proval of the Sinking Fund Commission, 
except the sum is less than $1,000, and for 
repairs. He has power to regulate the use 
of marginal streets fronting on docks, and 
may regulate by license or otherwise the 
transfer of merchandise upon or over such 
streets. But he must not interfere with 
public driveways. He surveys water and 
waterfront to ascertain its adaptability for 
commercial use, etc. 

He assigns places to the Borough Presi¬ 
dent for PUBLIC BATHS. He issues 
PERMITS to erect sheds over piers, but 
cannot revoke same after they are paid for, 
without the consent of the Mayor and the 
Sinking Fund Commission; but temporary 
permits for the use of docks may be granted 
by the Commissioner and revoked by him. 
He assigns a portion of the waterfront to 
be used by the Fire Department, with the 
consent of the Sinking Fund Commission. 



No dirt or refuse shall be thrown into 

the river. Shops or booths cannot be 
erected over docks, but PUBLIC MAR¬ 
KETS may be built on them when they do 
not interfere with the free flowage of water. 

Docks between Gansevoort and Little 
West 12th Street are to be used only by 
persons transporting FARM and GARDEN 
PRODUCE. 

Dock masters are appointed by the Dock 
Commissioner. 

The Commissioner may make rules for 
the government and regulation of docks and 
piers, violation of which is a misdemeanor. 
All rents, fines, etc., are paid into the Sink¬ 
ing Fund. He shall assign PIERS for the 
use of the Street Cleaning and Health DE¬ 
PARTMENTS and for recreation. 

THE BOROUGH PRESIDENT 

is elected in the same manner as the Mayor. 
There is a Borough President elected for 
each Borough. The Borough Presidents of 
Queens and Richmond, in addition to other 
duties, have control of the CLEANING OF 
STREETS and removal of snow and ice 
therefrom; or they may appoint commis¬ 
sioners of street cleaning for this work. 
When the Borough President is absent he 
may delegate his power to the Commis¬ 
sioner of Public Works, or to any one of 
his (Borough President’s) appointees, 
whose acts are as valid as those of the Bor¬ 
ough President. He is Chairman of the 
Local Board of Improvements. If a va¬ 
cancy occurs in his office, a new Borough 
President is elected to fill the remainder 
of the unexpired term by the Aldermen rep¬ 
resenting that Borough. The Mayor pre¬ 
sides at such an election, but he cannot 
vote unless to decide a tie. He may make 
rules for the government of the Building 
Department. He has charge of all sewers 
and drainage, filling of sunken lots, paving, 
excavating in streets, placiing building ma¬ 
terial on the streets, cleaning of public of¬ 
fice buildings and markets, maintenance of 
all public baths, urinals and comfort sta¬ 
tions, relaying of surface railroad tracks, 
etc. He has charge of the BUREAU OF 
INCUMBRANCES for the removal of ob¬ 
structions from the streets, and, in fact, all 
public works, although he may appoint a 
COMMISSIONER OF PUBLIC WORKS, 
who is directly responsible to the Borough 
President for his actions. The Borough 
President is responsible for the dredging 
of all the City’s canals. 

THE CITY SURVEYOR, who is ap¬ 
pointed by the Borough President, has 
charge of the City’s maps, etc. 

The Borough President employs a con¬ 
sulting engineer whenever necessary, with 
the authority of the Board of Estimate and 
Apportionment and the consent of the 
Board of Aldermen. 

THE SUPERINTENDENT OF BUILD¬ 
INGS 

is appointed by the Borough President. 
He must be a practical architect of at least 


t^ten years’ experience. The Superitend-ent 

appoints and may remove a Chief Inspec¬ 
tor and subordinates. 

The Board of Aldermen has power to re¬ 
strict the height of buildings and to regu¬ 
late the construction and removal of same. 

THE BOARD OF LOCAL IMPROVE¬ 
MENTS 

consists of the Borough President and such 
members of the Board of Aldermen as rep¬ 
resent or reside in that district. 

There are twenty-five Boards of Local 
Improvements in this City, and each Board 
may make public improvements within its 
district, hear complaints of nuisances, 
gambling, etc. 

But when they are about to incur expense 
for such work they must obtain permis¬ 
sion of the Board of Estimate and Appor¬ 
tionment, and if the expense exceeds $500,- 
000, the permission of the Board of Aider- 
men is necessary. Meetings may be called 
by the Borough President. 

COMMISSIONER OF WATER SUP¬ 
PLY, GAS AND ELECTRICITY 

is appointed by the Mayor. He has charge 
of the City’s lighting and its water works 
(even when those works extend beyond the 
City limits), of the laying of electric con¬ 
duits, gas mains, etc., and may give per¬ 
mission to lay same, with the approval of 
the Borough President. He cannot enter 
into contracts without permission of the 
Board of Estimate and Apportionment, 
Mayor and Comptroller. He may condemn 
land or other source of water supply for 
the City, with the approval of the Board of 
Aldermen, but persons whose land is con¬ 
demned must be reimbursed for same, after 
being appraised by two APPRAISERS ap¬ 
pointed by the Supreme Court. 

THE BOARD OF WATER SUPPLY 

has no connection with the Department of 
Water Supply, Gas and Electricity. The 
Board of Water Supply is a separate com¬ 
mission which has charge of building the 
aqueduct to convey water from the Catskill 
Mountains. 


THE BRIDGE COMMISSIONER 

is appointed by the Mayor. He has charge 
of all bridges which cross rivers, and over 
tunnels which are under navigable streams, 
provided he does not encroach on the rights 
of the Public Service Commission. He may 
appoint a Deputy and other employees. 

He has charge of all the tolls, etc., which 
are collected on such structures, and he 
shall pay same daily to the Chamberlain. 

The POLICE COMMISSIONER shall 
detail policemen to the Department of 
bridges, and while they are so detailed they 
are under the management of the Com¬ 
missioner of Bridges. 


i 


• The Bridges acrpss the East River shall 
be named as follows: No. 1, Brooklyn 
Bridge; No. 2, Williamsburgh Bridge; No. 
3. Manhattan Bridge; No. 4, Blackwell’s 
Island Bridge. 

The BOROUGH OF MANHATTAN 
CONSISTS of Manhattan Island, Gov¬ 
ernor’s Island, Bedloe’s Island, Ellis Island, 
Oyster Islands, Blackwell’s Island, Ran¬ 
dall’s Island and Ward’s Island. 

A person who is arrested on any bridge 
which connects two boroughs may be tried 
in either borough. 

THE COMMISSIONER OF STREET 
CLEANING 

is appointed by the Mayor. He appoints ? 
Deputy Commissioner, Superintendent and 
Assistant Superintendent and all other em- 
oloyees. 

He has power to remove carts which art 
left unattended, and other obstructions 
from the streets, but the owners of same 
may regain possession of them by paying 
a sum of money to the Street Cleaning De¬ 
partment not to exceed $10 for each article. 
He may sell such articles at public auction 
if they are not claimed. 

THE DEPARTMENT OF CORREC¬ 
TION. 

The head of this department is the Com¬ 
missioner of Correction. He is appointed 
by the Mayor. He has the power to make 
rules for the government of institutions 
under his control. He appoints a deputy 
and subordinates. He may give the War¬ 
dens or Superitendents the power to em¬ 
ploy assistants, etc. In the absence of the 
Commissioner the Deputy Commissioner 
possesses his power, except to make ap¬ 
pointments. 

The Commissioner has charge of the 
City’s institutions for criminals and misde¬ 
meanants, and in this respect the powers 
and duties of the former Commissioners of 
Charities and Correction of the different 
boroughs devolve upon him, except the 
House of Refuge, House for Detention of 
Witnesses, Brooklyn Disciplinary Training 
School for Boys, and the Society for Pre¬ 
vention of Cruelty to Children. He has no 
jurisdiction over destitute persons who are 
not charged with a crime, nor over per¬ 
sons awaiting trial. Inmates shall be class¬ 
ified as far as practicable according to their 
previous character. 

THE BOARD OF PAROLE 

of reformatories in New York City con¬ 
sists of the Commissioner of Correction, a 
Justice of the Special Sessions Court of the 
First Division, one from the Second Di¬ 
vision, a City Magistrate and four other 
persons, all of whom are appointed by the 
Mayor. Their duties are to inquire into the 
character, conduct, etc., of persons . corT T 
mitted to the city’s reformatories and insti¬ 
tutions as misdemeanants. They may 


shorten the prisoners’ terms of imprison¬ 
ment, or release them on parole. 

THE TENEMENT HOUSE COMMIS¬ 
SIONER 

is the head of the Tenement House Depart¬ 
ment. He is appointed by the Mayor. He 
appoints two deputies and defines their 
duties. When he is absent he may delegate 
his powers to either one of them, except 
the power of appointment. The Tenement 
House Department shall have a New Build¬ 
ing Bureau, a Bureau of Records, and an 
Inspection Bureau. 

The names of owners, agents and lessees 
of tenement houses shall be filed in the 
Tenement House Department, and such 
tenement cannot be occupied until a certifi¬ 
cate is issued by the Tenement House De¬ 
partment stating that it conforms to the 
Tenement House Laws. They shall be ex¬ 
amined once a month. Employees of the 
Tenement House Department cannot be 
sued personally for acts done in the per¬ 
formance of duty and in good faith. They 
may enter and examine premises at any 
time. The Commissioner appoints and re¬ 
moves the Inspectors and other employees. 

The POLICE COMMISSIONER may 
detail not more than 100 men of five years’ 
experience to the Tenement House Depart¬ 
ment, preference being given to men who 
have served five years with the sanitary 
company of the Health Department, and the 
Tenement House Department shall pay 
their salaries to the Police Department; 
while so detailed they are under the super¬ 
vision of the Tenement House Commis¬ 
sioner, who can object to a man on the 
ground of incompetency; they are reported 
back to the Police Commissioner for dis¬ 
cipline, and the Police Commissioner may 
detail another man in the place of one who 
is unfit. 

All the powers and duties possessed by 
the Police, Health, Fire and Building De¬ 
partments relative to tenement houses are 
possessed by the Tenement House Depart¬ 
ment. 

When the public halls of a tenement 
house are not sufficiently lighted, an arti¬ 
ficial light shall be used on each landing 
from sunrise to sunset, and a light shall be 
kept burning in the halls of the first and 
third floors from sunset to sunrise. A 
person who carries on any illegal business 
in a tenement house may be removed by 
summary proceedings. When the warrant 
of eviction is issued it must be served be¬ 
tween sunrise and 'sfinset. In New York 
it is executed by a marshal. 

No court proceedings are necessary to 
compel a janitor or servant to vacate an 
apartment for which they pay no rent. 

If the owner does not evict prostitutes 
within five days after receiving orders to 
do so from the Tenement House Depart¬ 
ment he shall be deemed guilty of allowing 
prostitutes to exist therein. The general 
reputation of a tenement shall be admitted 
as evidence. 

73 


The Police Department shall furnish a 
weekly statement to the Tenement House 
Department, showing the number, name and 
offense of all persons arrested in tenement 
houses. The Tenement House Department 
is charged with the enforcement of this act. 

THE BOARD OF HEALTH 

consists of a Commissioner appointed by 
the Mayor, the Police Commissioner, ex- 
officio, and the Health Officer of the Port 
of New York, the latter being a State of¬ 
ficial who is appointed by the Governor. 

This Board has charge of all contagious 
diseases and the hospitals where persons 
with contagious diseases are treated. For 
the safety of life and health it may tear 
down buildings—after condemning them— 
regulate the drainage of sewage, destroy 
any animal or thing which is dangerous to 
life or health, remove dead animals, offal, 
garbage, refuse, etc., from the streets, and 
abate all nuisances. 

A permit from the Board of Health is 
necessary to operate any of the following 
named kinds of business and they are 
operated under the rules and restrictions 
which the Health Department may pre¬ 
scribe: Gas houses, animal skinning, tan¬ 
ning, varnish and oil boiling, etc.; the trans¬ 
portation of swill, brine, offal and other 
kinds of refuse; day nurseries, bathing 
outdoors, slaughter houses, butcher shops, 
etc., lodging houses, selling milk, driving 
cattle, sheep and pigs through the streets; 
construction of cesspools, drainage of sew¬ 
age, etc., embalming, transporting and bury¬ 
ing of dead bodies, and any other noxious 
or offensive trades. 

The Board of Health has almost unlim¬ 
ited power over these matters, and it may 
make rules and enact laws governing them, 
the violation of which is a misdemeanor. 

It may issue a proclamation prohibiting 
communication with any portion of the city 
which is infected with contagious disease. 

The Board of Health may issue warrants 
of arrest for violation of its orders, rules 
or laws. Such warrants are executed in 
the same manner as warrants issued by a 
magistrate. The prisoner shall be taken 
before a magistrate. When the magistrate 
issues a warrant for a violation of the 
health laws, the Board of Health shall be 
notified before the prisoner is tried. A po¬ 
liceman or a Health Department officer 
may arrest any person whom they see vio¬ 
lating the Board of Health laws. In addi¬ 
tion to other punishments, violators of the 
health law may be sued civilly by the 
Health Department. 

There are two bureaus in the Health De¬ 
partment, a Sanitary Bureau and a Bureau 
of Records. The chief officer of the one 
is the Sanitary Superintendent, who must 
be a physician of ten years’ experience. 
The chief officer of the other is the Regis¬ 
ter of Records, in whose bureau shall be 
entered all deaths, births, marriages and 
Coroner’s inquisitions. This board ap¬ 
points at least fifty Sanitary Inspectors. 

74 


Members of the Board of Health, Sanitary 

Inspectors, etc;, may enter and examine any 
premises at any time. 

They cannot be sued civilly for their offi¬ 
cial acts performed in good faith, but the 
City may be sued for their actions. 

This department exercises supervision 
over the following businesses and may 
make rules regulating the manner in which 
they shall be conducted: Sale of food and 
drink, which include all edibles; sale of 
anti-toxin, drugs, etc.; medical and mid¬ 
wife practitioners. But a permit or license 
from the Health Department may not be 
necessar yto conduct those kinds of busi¬ 
ness. 

Physicians and other employees of the 
Health Department who have served twenty 
years, or who have been disabled in the 
discharge of duty, may be retired on a 
pension of half pay. But no pensioner shall 
receive more than $1,200 a year. Fines 
and penalties collected by the Health De¬ 
partment are paid into this pension fund. 

PARK DEPARTMENT. 

The head of the Park Department is 
called the Park Board, and consists of three 
commissioners, appointed by the Mayor, 
one of whom shall be designated Presi¬ 
dent in his appointment. The Mayor shall 
specify the Borough each one shall have 
charge of. The principal office is in Man¬ 
hattan. One has charge of all the parks 
in Manhattan and Richmond, one of those 
in the Bronx, and one of those in Brooklyn 
and Queens. 

They have entire control and manage¬ 
ment of the parks and the streets adjoining 
for a distance of 350 feet (so far as the 
surface, grading, erecting of lights, foun¬ 
tains, statues, etc., are concerned), control 
over all employees and all policemen de¬ 
tailed to duty in the parks, except that a 
delinquent policeman shall be reported back 
to the Police Commissioner for discipline. 
They have power to make rules for the 
government of the parks, subject to the 
approval of the Board of Aldermen. 

The Commissioner of Manhattan and 
Richmond shall maintain the Museum of 
Natural History, Metropolitan Museum of 
Art, Aquarium, Meteorological and Astro¬ 
nomical Observatories. 

The Park Commissioners of the Bor¬ 
oughs of Brooklyn and Queens may main¬ 
tain, by contract, the Brooklyn Institute of 
Arts and Sciences; and the Commissioner 
of the Bronx may maintain there by con¬ 
tract with the New York Botanical Society 
a botanical garden, and a zoological gar¬ 
den by contract with the New York Zoolog¬ 
ical Society: the contracts to be approved 
by the Sinking Fund Commissioners. 

THE ART COMMISSION 

is composed of the Mayor, who is ex- 
officio (by virtue of office) President of the 
Museum of Art; President of the New York 
Public Library, ex-officio; President of the 


Brooklyn Institute of Arts and Sciences, 

ex-officio; one painter, one sculptor and one 
architect, all residents of the City of New 
York, and three other persons who are resi¬ 
dents of New York, but not members of 
any art or profession. All of the six last 
mentioned to be appointed by the Mayor 
for three years, from a list of three times 
the number required, proposed by the So¬ 
ciety of Fine Arts Federation. They shall 
serve without pay and appoint a president 
and secretary from their number. No work 
of art, etc., shall be accepted by the City 
until passed upon by this commission. 

FIRE DEPARTMENT. 

The Fire Commissioner is appointed by 
the Mayor. He shall appoint two deputies 
and define their duties, one of whom shall 
exercise the duties of the Commissioner 
when he is absent, except to make appoint¬ 
ments. The Fire Commissioner must file 
two bonds, one of $20,000 and one of $10,000, 
with the Comptroller for the faithful per¬ 
formance of his duties. He is treasurer of 
the Fire Department. He has power to 
make rules, etc., for the government of the 
department and he may organize the de¬ 
partment into as many bureaus as shall be 
necessary for the convenient transaction of 
business. One BUREAU shall be for the 
EXTINGUISHMENT OF FIRES, the 
head of which is called CHIEF OF THE 
FIRE BUREAU (formerly Chief of the 
Department). Another shall have charge of 
FIRE PREVENTION, the head of which 
is called CHIEF OF THE BUREAU OF 
FIRE PREVENTION. The Commis¬ 
sioner has power to appoint the heads of 
these bureaus, assistants, etc., and they are 
under his control. 

The Chief of the Fire Bureau (“Chief of 
Department”), under the direction of the 
Fire Commissioner, is head of the Uni¬ 
formed Force. The following are the ranks 
and grades of the Uniformed Force: Chief, 
Deputy Chiefs, Battalion Chiefs, Foremen, 
Assistant Foremen, Engineers of Steamers, 
1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th Grade Firemen, and 
Un-uniformed, or Probationary Firemen. 
A Foreman is the commander of a com¬ 
pany; a Battalion Chief is the commander 
of a district comprising a number of com¬ 
panies; a Deputy Chief is in charge of a 
Division, which is made up of a number 
of Battalions. 

There are four grades of Firemen, receiv¬ 
ing three rates of salary, as follows: 4th 
Grade, salary $1,000; 3rd Grade, $1,000; 2nd 
Grade, $1,200; 1st Grade, $1,400. Engineers 
of Steamers receive $1,600. They are 1st 
grade Firemen assigned to duty as Engi¬ 
neers. Firemen are appointed for a pro¬ 
bationary period of three months, after 
which, unless rejected, they become 4th 
grade Firemen. After serving one year in 
the 4th grade a Fireman enters the 3rd 
grade; after one year in the 3rd grade he 
enters the 2nd grade; after one year in the 
2nd grade he enters the 1st grade. 

The Chief of the Bureau of Fire Preven¬ 

75 


tion, under the direction of the Fire Com¬ 
missioner, is head of the Bureau of Fire 
Prevention, which includes the division of 
Fire Prevention Inspection, the division of 
the Fire Investigation and the Division of 
Control of Combustibles. The head or the 
division of Fire Prevention Inspection is 
the Chief Inspector, who has under him a 
staff of Supervising Inspectors, Inspectors, 
etc. It is the duty of this division to in¬ 
spect all buildings and see that they are 
properly protected against fire. The Fire 
Commissioner has mandatory power to va¬ 
cate all premises reported to be unsafe and 
to condemn buildings which are a menace. 
The head of the division of Fire Investiga¬ 
tion is the Fire Marshal, who has a staff of 
Assistant Fire Marshals. It is the duty of 
this division to investigate the causes of 
fires. 

The head of the Bureau of Combustibles 
is the Inspector of Combustibles, who has 
a staff of Assistant Inspectors of Combus¬ 
tibles and Oil Surveyors. The duty of this 
bureau is to see that the laws and ordi¬ 
nances relating to the handling and storage 
of explosives and combustibles are com¬ 
plied with. 

The heads of the three divisions of the 
Fire Prevention Bureau are responsible to 
the Chief of Fire Prevention. The Chief 
of the Fire Bureau (Chief of Department) 
and the Chief of Fire Prevention are di¬ 
rectly responsible to the Fire Commis¬ 
sioner. 

The Fire Prevention Law which went 
into effect in November, 1911, greatly en¬ 
larged the powers of the Fire Commis¬ 
sioner by giving him power to ENFORCE 
all laws and ordinances in respect to: (1) 
Prevention of fires; (2) storage, sale, trans¬ 
portation and use of combustibles, chem¬ 
icals and explosives; (3) installation and 
maintenance of automatic and other fire 
alarm systems and fire extinguishing equip¬ 
ment; (4) the means and adequacy of exit 
from all buildings, vessels and places where 
numbers of persons work, live or congre¬ 
gate (except tenement houses); (5) the in¬ 
vestigation of the causes of fires and the 
suppression of arson. 

The Fire Commissioner through his sub¬ 
ordinates has power (1) to inspect any 
building, vessel or place in Greater New 
York; (2) to order the remedying of any 
condition in any building or vessel or place 
(except tenement houses, these being under 
the jurisdiction of the Tenement House 
Commissioner), which is in violation of any 
law or ordinance in* sespect to fires or fire 
prevention (except the Tenement House 
Law); (3) to require the installation in any 
building, as required by law or ordinance, 
of fire alarm systems, extinguishing equip¬ 
ment or safe means of exit; (4) to require 
any unsafe building to be vacated or con¬ 
demned; (5) to remove from a dock any 
vessel considered to be a menace; (6) to 
take proceedings for the enforcement of 
any order not complied with. 

The Commissioner, or any authorized 


subordinate, may enter any building at any 
reasonable hour to make inspection. 

There is a FIRE ALARM TELEGRAPH 
BUREAU located at Fire Headquarters. 
All alarms register in this bureau and are 
sent out from this bureau by electrical 
transmission to the fire houses throughout 
the city. 

No one shall FLY A KITE near the 
wires of the Fire Department. The Com¬ 
missioner may collect rents, etc., for the 
use of special fire alarm service, which he 
shall pay into the general fund for the re¬ 
duction of taxation. He may sue for and 
recover damages for violation of the fire 
laws, which he shall pay to the treasurer 
of the Fire Relief Fund. Any member of 
the uniformed force who shall be publicly 
NOMINATED FOR AN OFFICE ELEC¬ 
TIVE by the people, and who shall not 
decline the same within ten days, shall be 
deemed to have vacated his office in the 
Fire Department. The Commissioner can¬ 
not order firemen to purchase uniforms .at 
any particular place. 

The VOLUNTEER FIRE FORCE in 
Brooklyn, Queens and Richmond shall at¬ 
tend to all fires until the paid department 
shall be extended there, when it will be 
disbanded; then its members will have pref¬ 
erence of appointment in the paid depart¬ 
ment and upon passing a non-competitive 
examination they shall be placed at the 
head of the eligible list. A new volunteer 
company cannot be incorporated without 
the approval of th Fire Commissioner. 

EVERY BUILDING OVER 100 FEET 
HIGH shall be equipped with water pipes, 
with hose attached on each floor, and those 
over 150 feet shall have water tanks on the 
roof, with hose and other fire apparatus, 
electric pumps, and at least one passenger 
elevator always ready for service. 

If a person is KILLED BY ANY EX¬ 
PLOSIVE, the sale of which is prohibited 
by law, or which has not been licensed, the 
person selling same is guilty of a felony. 
Penalty, not less than $1,000 fine or im¬ 
prisonment for one year. Insurance com¬ 
panies cannot insure explosives, the sale of 
which is prohibited by the Fire Commis¬ 
sioner. When the Fire Commissioner re¬ 
fuses an applicant permission to sell or store 
a certain compound, such applicant may 
appeal to an arbitration committee, com¬ 
posed of the Fire Commissioner, President 
of the New York Board of Trade and 
Transportation, and the Chairman of the 
New York Section of the American Chem¬ 
ical Society, whose decision shall be bind¬ 
ing in the matter. Explosives shall be sold 
only under the rules established by the 
Fire Commissioner and the ordinances of 
the Municipal Explosive Commission. 

Failure to comply with any regulation 
established by the Fire Commissioner for 
the use of explosives or failure to attend 
and testify at an inquiry upon an order 
from the Commissioner, is a misdemeanor; 
$50 fine. Half of the fine may be paid to 
the person giving information of the viola¬ 
tion. All suits to recover penalties are to 

76 


be brought in the name of the Fire Com¬ 
missioner, and without cost. 

Dynamite, blasting powder, or other EX¬ 
PLOSIVES SHALL NOT BE MANU¬ 
FACTURED IN THIS CITY. No one 
shall sell, use, keep or transport gunpowder 
or any other explosive, except by permis¬ 
sion of the Fire Commissioner, under regu¬ 
lations established by the MUNICIPAL 
EXPLOSIVE COMMISSION, which is 
composed of the Fire Commissioner, who 
is, ex-officio, chairman and member of said 
board, and four other members who are ap¬ 
pointed and removed by the Mayor; one 
from a list of ten names to be submitted 
by the New York Section of the American 
Chemical Society. They meet at the call 
of the Fire Commissioner. Each member 
receives $10 for each meeting he attends. 

The Fire Commissioner may REVOKE 
LICENSES of persons who violate the 
ordinance relative to explosives. 

The Fire Commissioner may establish a 
depot for the use of explosives to be used 
by the Fire Department in LEVELING 
DANGEROUS BUILDINGS and to pre¬ 
vent the spread of fire, and for this purpose 
he may take possession of any building. 
The Fire Commissioner and his officers 
may enter and inspect buildings at any time. 
There is a FIRE MARSHAL for the Bor¬ 
oughs of Manhattan, the Bronx and Rich¬ 
mond, and one for the Boroughs of Brook¬ 
lyn and Queens. They, or the Fire Com¬ 
missioner, or the Chief of the Fire Preven¬ 
tion Bureau, have power to hold investiga¬ 
tions, subpoena witnesses and administer 
oaths where the origin of fires looks sus¬ 
picious of having been caused through wil¬ 
ful violation of law. The Fire Marshal 
sends a report of such investigation to the 
Fire Commissioner and Police Department, 
in writing, also to Board of Fire Under¬ 
writers and the owner of the property in¬ 
terested. The Fire Department may de¬ 
molish buildings to prevent the spread of 
fire. 

Firemen may be retired on half pay 
after twenty years’ service, or after ten 
years, if they have been disabled in the per¬ 
formance of duty. The Pension Fund of 
the Fire Department receives 10 per cent, 
of all excise receipts for licenses, etc. 

Any insurance company which has $150,- 
000 invested in this State, which is organ¬ 
ized under the laws of another State or 
county and is doing business in this city, 
must pay 2 per cent, of its receipts from 
premiums to the FIRE RELIEF FUND, 
of which the Commissioner is treasurer. 
There is also an auditing committee ap¬ 
pointed by the Mayor, two from the active 
members of the force and one from the re¬ 
tired members, who make an examination 
of the fund at least once a year. 

PROMOTIONS are made on the basis 
of seniority, meritorious service and super¬ 
ior capacity as shown by Civil Service ex¬ 
amination. Individual acts of bravery are 
classed as an element of mertorious service 
and a higher rating may be granted to fire¬ 
men for such acts, the rating to be fixed 
by the Municipal Civil Service Commission. 


Thc Firc Commissioner must transmit to 
the Civil Service Commission the complete 
record of each candidate for promotion. 

No member of the Fire Department is 
P e rmitted to JOIN ANY POLITICAL 
ORGANIZATION or pay any money 
thereto. 


The hose bridges used by the Fire De¬ 
partment in laying hose over railroad tracks 
are provided by the railroad companies and 
approved by the Fire Commissioner. 

The members of the Police and Fire De¬ 
partments may keep all idle and suspicious 
persons away from the vicinity of a fire. 

No one shall leave a TRAP DOOR, shut¬ 
ter, etc., OPEN which should be closed at 
the end of the day, and if a fireman is IN¬ 
JURED by such, the party responsible for 
leaving it open may be sued for $1,000. If 
a chimney takes fire, the occupants of the 
house must forfeit $5. FIREMEN ARE 
EXEMPT from military and jury duty, ar¬ 
rest on civil process or the service of sub¬ 
poenas in civil cases while actually on duty. 

It is a misdemeanor to wear a fireman’s 
uniform without authority. 

Applicants for the position of fireman 
must be between 21 and 30, and never have 
been convicted of a felony. 

A fireman cannot be fined more than ten 
days’ pay for any one offense. 

The Police Department IS REQUIRED 
TO CO-OPERATE, ETC., with the Fire 
Department by keeping fire escapes clear; 
by preventing the unlawful use of explo¬ 
sives; by helping to investigate incendiary 
fires and arresting the guilty parties; by 
forming lines at fires to protect persons 
from getting in the danger zone, and from 
obstructing firemen in their work; by pre¬ 
venting the obstructing of fire hydrants, 
etc. 


THE BOARD OF EDUCATION 

consists of forty-six members; twenty-two 
shall be residents of Manhattan, fourteen of 
Brooklyn, four of Bronx, four of Queens 
and two of Richmond. They have control 
of the public schools. They are appointed 
by the Mayor for five years. They elect 
one of their number as president, who has 
power to vote, but not to veto. They serve 
without pay and cannot hold any other of¬ 
fice of emolument under the State, City or 
County. This board may, with the consent 
of the Board of Estimate and Apportion¬ 
ment, make arrangements with a railroad 
company to transport children to and from 
school at half rates. The Board appoints 
a Superintendent of School Supplies, a City 
Superintendent of Schools and a Superin¬ 
tendent of School Buildings. The latter 
shall be an architect. 

There shall be eight Associate Superin¬ 
tendents, who, with the City Superintend¬ 
ent, shall constitute the BOARD OF 
SUPERINTENDENTS. They are ap¬ 
pointed by the Board of Education. 

There are forty-six LOCAL SCHOOL 
BOARDS, each board to consist of five 
persons, appointed by the Borough Presi¬ 


dent, a member of the Board of Education 
and the District Superintendent assigned to 
duty in that district. The local board main¬ 
tains discipline, etc. There is also a 
BOARD to EXAMINE teachers trying to 
qualify for positions, consisting of the City 
Superintendent of Schools and four per¬ 
sons appointed by the Board of Education 
on the nomination of the Board of Superin¬ 
tendents. 

The Board of Trustees of the COLLEGE 
OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK con¬ 
sists of nine residents of New York, who 
are appointed by the Mayor and the Presi¬ 
dent of the Board of Education, ex-officio, 
and the President of said college, ex-officio. 

Members of the Board of Education, with 
the president, ex-officio, shall be trustees 
of the NORMAL COLLEGE, which 
teaches girls free, and prepares them for 
school teachers. The Board of Education 
appoints three of its members a committee 
for the management of a NAUTICAL 
SCHOOL, to teach the science of navi¬ 
gation. The Chamber of Commerce ap¬ 
points a committee of three persons from 
said board, who act as counsel and advis¬ 
ory board of the Nautical School. 

Certain charitable institutions for chil¬ 
dren share in the City’s school funds. 


DEPARTMENT OF CHARITIES. 

The head of the Department of Charities 
is called the Commissioner of Charities. He 
appoints two deputies, to whom he may 
delegate his powers, except to make ap¬ 
pointments and transfers. He has charge 
of the City’s institutions for the care of 
po6r and indigent persons and vagrants, in¬ 
mates of which shall be classified according 
to their previous character. He may place 
out, or indenture, any child in such insti¬ 
tutions, and, as far as possible, with persons 
of the same religious faith as the child. 

Whenever a DESTITUTE CHILD is 
about to be committed to any of the City’s 
charitable institutions, the Charity Com¬ 
missioner shall have the circumstances of 
such case inquired into and report his find¬ 
ing to the Magistrate who is committing 
the child until it is sixteen years old, or 
indentured out. The Commissioner may 
give outdoor relief to poor BLIND 
ADULTS who are residents of this city for 
two years, but not more than $100 a year 
to each one. 

All BASTARDY PROCEEDINGS are 
conducted by and in the name of the Char¬ 
ity Commissioner, and the amount collected 
shall be paid him fo \ the support of the 
child or the mother and child. He has 
power to compromise bastardy and aban¬ 
donment cases. Any legal proceeding in a 
case where a bond has been given shall be 
in the name of the Commissioner, and any 
money recovered on same shall be paid to 
him for the support of the abandoned fam¬ 
ily. 

The ALLIED HOSPITALS are Harlem, 
Gouverneur and Emergency Hospital, on 
26th Street. BELLEVUE AND ALLIED 

77 


HOSPITALS shall be separate from the 
Department of Charities, and shall be con¬ 
ducted by a board of seven trustees, resi¬ 
dents of New York, with the Charity Com¬ 
missioner as ex-officio. They shall serve 
terms of seven years. They are appointed 
by the Mayor from a list of names sub¬ 
mitted by the heads of the following de¬ 
partments: United Hebrew Charities So¬ 
ciety of New York City, Particular Coun¬ 
sel of New York Society of St. Vincent De 
Paul, the New York Association for the Im¬ 
provement of the Condition of the Poor. 
The board appoints and removes a super¬ 
intendent, medical officers and other em¬ 
ployees. The MORGUES are in charge of 
the Charity Department. 

The POTTER’S FIELD is in charge of 
the Commissioner of Correction. 

THE POLICE COMMISSIONER 

is appointed by the Mayor and is the head 
of the Police Department. He makes rules 
and regulations for its government, and is 
responsible for its administration and dis¬ 
cipline. His term of office is five years, but 
he may be removed at any time by the 
Mayor or Governor, in which case he is not 
eligible for reappointment. He appoints a 
First, Second, Third and Fourth Deputy 
Commissioner and during his absence he 
may delegate his powers, except the power 
of APPOINTMENT AND TRANSFER, 
to the First Deputy. When the Commis¬ 
sioner and First Deputy are absent this 
power is delegated to the Second Deputy, 
and so on down to the Fourth Deputy. 
He is responsible for the enforcement of 
all laws and ordinances. He may appoint 
as many additional patrolmen as are neces¬ 
sary, provided the Board of Estimate and 
Apportionment has appropriated money to 
pay them. 

The Commissioner, or any of his Depu¬ 
ties, may sit in judgment at the trial of any 
member of the force, issue subpoenas, and 
subpoenas duces tecum (to produce docu¬ 
ments, etc., which may be required in the 
prosecution of an inquiry), and compel the 
attendance of witnesses who have been sub¬ 
poenaed. This might be called a JUDI¬ 
CIAL or quasi-judicial FUNCTION. 

The COMMISSIONER has POWER to 
reprimand, fine or dismiss any member of 
the force for a violation of its rules or neg¬ 
lect of duty, and to suspend without pay 
any member of the force. A copy of the 
MINUTES of any PROCEEDING of the 
Police Commissioner, when properly at¬ 
tested by the Chief Clerk, may be offered 
in any court with the same effect as the 
original. All suits for reinstatement must 
be commenced within four months after the 
cause of action shall have accrued. Mem¬ 
bers of the force cannot RESIGN without 
the permission of the Commissioner, under 
penalty of forfeiture of their salary. 

In cases of RIOT, INSURRECTION or 
other emergency, the Commissioner may 
appoint as many SPECIAL PATROLMEN 
from among citizens, without pay, as he 

78 


deems desirable. They are subject to the 
same rules and possess the same power as 
regular patrolmen, but their employment 
may be discontinued at any time. He may 
also appoint Special Patrolmen for corpora¬ 
tions or individuals who need them and 
who pay their salaries. They are governed 
by the rules of the Police Department. 

The Commissioner may establish Station 
Houses, with the authority of the Sinking 
Fund Commission, and he shall provide ac¬ 
commodations for the detention of wit¬ 
nesses, as authorized by the Board of Al¬ 
dermen. 

He appoints a PROPERTY CLERK, 
who may be required to give a bond, and to 
whom all lost and stolen property (except 
animals, which must be sent to the Pound 
or other place of safe keeping) shall be sent 
as soon as practicable. When a prisoner is 
discharged in court, who has been arrested 
upon a charge of larceny or receiving stolen 
goods, the Magistrate shall direct how the 
stolen property shall be disposed of. If 
he orders it returned to the accused person, 
no other person can get it. 

PROPERTY NOT CLAIMED within 
six months may be sold at auction, after be¬ 
ing advertised ten days in the City Record. 
If PROPERTY in the possession of the 
Property Clerk is REQUIRED as evidence 
in COURT, it shall be produced therein by 
an order of such court; but it must be again 
returned to the Property Clerk when it is 
no longer needed as evidence. 

POLICEMEN possess all the POWERS 
of Constables in any part of this State, and 
may execute warrants of arrest therein 
which are issued by Magistrates. When a 
policeman makes an ARREST he shall im¬ 
mediately make the same known to the of¬ 
ficer in command of the precinct wherein 
the arrest is made, and, if court is open, 
immediately take the prisoner before a 
Magistrate. The commanding officer of the 
precinct will make a return of such prisoner 
to the Police Commissioner within twenty- 
four hours. When a woman is arrested she 
shall be taken to a station where there is 
a matron. 

The Police Force is divided into two 
broad divisions, the Uniformed and the Un¬ 
uniformed force. The Un-uniformed force 
consists of the Police Commissioner, four 
Deputy Police Commissioners, one Secre¬ 
tary, one Chief Clerk, and subordinate 
clerks, Bookkeeper and subordinates, Su¬ 
perintendent of Electrical Service and line¬ 
men, wiremen, etc.; Property Clerk and sub¬ 
ordinates, Complaint Clerk and subordi¬ 
nates, Mechanics, Hostlers, Cleaners, etc. 

The Uniformed force consists of one 
Chief Inspector, one Borough Inspector, 
Inspectors, Surgeons (with rank of In¬ 
spector), Chaplains (with rank of Inspec¬ 
tor), Captains, Lieutenants, Sergeants, Pa¬ 
trolmen, Doormen and Matrons. Doormen 
do not rank as Patrolmen. 

The various kinds of duty to which mem¬ 
bers of the Uniformed force are assigned, 
in addition to ordinary patrol duty on foot, 
are: Detective Bureau, Harbor Patrol, 

Traffic Regulation, Magistrates’ Courts, Mu- 


nicipal Departments and offices, Mounted 
Patrol, Bicycle Patrol and Motor Cycle 
Patrol. 

There is not more than one Captain, four 
Lieutenants, four Sergeants and two Door¬ 
men to each fifty Patrolmen, except in the 
rural districts, where the ratio varies. 

Patrolmen are divided into seven grades. 
The pay for grades ranges from $800 to 
$1,400 a year. A Patrolman’s salary is in¬ 
creased at the rate of about $100 for each 
year’s service, if his conduct be good, until 
he receives the maximum pay of $1,400 a 
year. The Board of Estimate and Appor¬ 
tionment may increase this salary. 

Candidates for the position of Patrolmen 
shall be between 21 and 30 years, must be 
citizens and residents of New York State, 
of good character, never having been con¬ 
victed of a felony, and be able to read and 
write the English language. 

The ranks of Inspector, Detective-Ser- • 
geant and Roundsman were ABOLISHED 
April, 1907. The Police Commissioner may 
detail Captains to act as Inspectors, and 
while so acting they receive a salary of 
$3,500 a year and title of Inspector, but the 
Commissioner may reduce them at any time 
to the rank and pay of a Captain. 

A Captain detailed to act as an Inspector 
for a period or periods aggregating five 
years will, upon retirement, be entitled to 
the pension of former Inspectors ($1,750). 
One of the Inspectors may be detailed to 
act as Chief Inspector and one as Borough 
Inspector. The Commissioner may detail 
any member of the force to duty in the 
DETECTIVE BUREAU, and he may des¬ 
ignate not over 150 members of the force, 
attached to said bureau, as detectives of 
the first grade, who, while acting as detec¬ 
tives of the first grade, shall be paid the 
salary of Lieutenants of Police ($2,000 a 
year). Other members of the force doing 
duty in said bureau will receive the salary 
which they would ordinarily receive in their 
respective grades, as if attached to any 
other branch of the Police Department. 

The PERSON who may be assigned by 
the Police Commissioner to command the 
Detective Bureau, while acting in such cap¬ 
acity, shall receive the same salary as a 
Captain of Police who is detailed as an In¬ 
spector. Members of the force attached to 
the Detective Bureau may be remanded 
back to their former rank at any time. 

PROMOTIONS shall be made upon the 
basis of seniority, meritorious police service 
and superior capacity as judged by competi¬ 
tive examinations. Patrolmen have to serve 
five years, Sergeants two years, and Lieu¬ 
tenants three years, before they can be pro¬ 
moted to the next higher rank. Sergeants 
may be reduced to the grade of a Patrol¬ 
man upon being convicted of a violation 
of the rules or neglect of duty. But his 
case may be reviewed by a WRIT OF 
CERTIORARI, which means that it may 
be reviewed by a higher court 

The principal DUTIES of the police are: 
To preserve the peace, prevent crime and 
arrest offenders, suppress lawlessness, pro¬ 
tect life and property and to regulate, con- 

79 


trol and restrict all vehicular traffic Mem¬ 
bers of the Police Force who have been 
NOMINATED for PUBLIC OFFICE and 
who do not publicly decline the same within 
ten days thereafter shall be deemed to have 
vacated their office. 

The Commissioner, his Deputies, the 
Chief Clerk and First Deputy Clerk may 
ADMINISTER OATHS in matters per¬ 
taining to the business of the Department, 
and Inspectors, Captains and Lieutenants 
may administer an oath to any citizen who 
makes a complaint that a crime has been 
committed, and may require the citizen to 
swear to his complaint. 

Members of the force are prohibited from 
joining, or contributing money to, any po¬ 
litical association. They cannot accept any 
REWARD or contribution in addition to 
their salary. But the Commissioner may 
give a Policeman permission to receive a 
reward for meritorious an dextraordinary 
police service. 

Two policemen shall be detailed to each 
POLLING PLACE ELECTION DAY, 
who shall prevent electioneering within 100 
feet of the polls, and enforce the election 
laws. 

The Police shall co-operate with the 
HEALTH DEPARTMENT for the pro¬ 
motion of public health, and safety of hu¬ 
man life; and to this end the Commissioner 
shall detail to the Health Department from 
50 to 100 Policemen of five years’ experi¬ 
ence, whose salaries the Health Depart¬ 
ment shall pay. While so detailed they are 
under jurisdiction of the Health Depart¬ 
ment, but the Board of Health may report 
back to the Police Department for disci¬ 
pline any policeman guilty of wrongdoing, 
and the Commissioner shall detail another 
man in his place. 

The Board of Health may, with the con¬ 
sent of the Police Department, IMPOSE 
ANY OF THE DUTIES of a subordinate 
in the Health Department upon subordi¬ 
nates of the Police Department. 

The Police possess powers of general su¬ 
pervision and inspection over all Pawn¬ 
brokers, Venders, Junkmen, Cartmen, Sec¬ 
ond-Hand Dealers and Auctioneers. 

Any person acting by the order of the 
Police Commissioner, a Deputy Commis¬ 
sioner, an Inspector within his district or 
a Captain within his precinct, has power to 
examine the books of any pawnbroker when 
in search of stolen property. Any person 
having a PAWNBROKER’S TICKET, 
when accompanied by a policeman, may ex¬ 
amine the property represented by such 
ticket. Refusal of the pawnbroker or his 
agent to exhibit such* property under these 
circumstances is a misdemeanor. 

The Commissioner, Deputy Commission¬ 
er. Inspector within his district and Cap¬ 
tain within his precinct, may, by authority 
in writing, empower any member of the 
force, when in search of stolen property, to 
examine the business premises of any 
Pawnbroker, Junk Shop Keeper, Second- 
Hand Dealer, Intelligence Office Keeper, 
Auctioneer or Vender, and to EXAMINE 
THE PROPERTY alleged to be pawned, 


lost or stolen But no property shall be 
taken from the possession of any person 
without due process of law. 

ARTICLES pawned shall not be SOLD 
until one year thereafter, and then only at 
public AUCTION. 

If two or more householders shall report 
to th.e Police Commissioner that there are 
good grounds, and stating the same, for 
believing a DISORDERLY HOUSE OR A 
GAMBLING HOUSE to exist, the Com¬ 
missioner or his Deputy may in writing 
authorize members of the force to enter 
same, and arrest all persons found violat¬ 
ing the law therein, but none other. 

It is a misdemeanor, punishable by two 
years’ imprisonment and $250 fine, to false¬ 
ly PERSONATE A POLICEMAN with 
fraudulent intent, or to display any -insignia 
worn by policemen. 

Only policemen, constables and duly ap¬ 
pointed peace officers can serve WAR¬ 
RANTS OF ARREST. 

Members of the Police Force are exempt 
from Military and Jury Duty; they are not 
liable to arrest on civil process, nor to ser¬ 
vice of subpoenas in civil cases, while act¬ 
ually on duty. 

The COMMISSIONER may offer A RE¬ 
WARD for the arrest of a person guilty of 
homicide, arson, or receiving stolen goods, 
provided the Board of Estimate and Appor¬ 
tionment has made appropriation therefor. 

He is the Trustee and Treasurer of the 
PENSION FUND, of which he has entire 
charge, and for which he is held respon¬ 
sible. There is also an Auditing Commit¬ 
tee, composed of two members of the uni¬ 
formed force and one pensioner, who are 
appointed by the Mayor, and who make ex¬ 
aminations of the condition of the Pension 
Fund, as to whether it is able to meet all 
obligations against it, etc. The PENSION 
FUND IS MAINTAINED from the fol¬ 
lowing sources: All fines imposed upon 
members of the Police Force; deductions 
made from rewards, fees and testimonials 
given to members of the Police Force; the 
proceeds of all lost or stolen property 
which remains in possession of the Police 
Department unclaimed for six months; a 
percentage of all moneys received for Ex¬ 
cise licenses; money received for permis¬ 
sion to carry Revolvers or Pistols; 2 per 
cent, of the salaries of all members of the 
Police Force; all money left over from ap¬ 
propriations for salaries for the preceding 
year; money received for masked ball per¬ 
mits, and no Masquerade Ball can be held 
without permission of the Police Commis¬ 
sioner. There are five grades of Masked 
Balls, the fees for which vary from $5 for 
a fifth-class permit to $100 for a first-class 
permit. 

If the Pension Fund is not large enough 
to meet its obligations, appropriation shall 
be made therefor in the Annual Budget. 

Every owner or agent of a steam boiler 
must report its location to the Police De¬ 
partment, so that it may be examined by 
the Sanitary Company. Such examination 
costs the owner $2. 


It is unlawful to operate any steam boiler, 
except locomotive engines and boilers for 
heating purposes (carrying not more than 
ten pounds of steam) without having a 
licensed engineer in charge of same; the 
license to be issued by the Police Commis¬ 
sioner, upon the report of two practical en¬ 
gineers who are detailed to the Sanitary 
Company, and who shall have examined the 
applicant and tested his fitness and compe¬ 
tency, and reported favorably thereon. 

When an engineer’s license is revoked, he 
shall not receive another license for six 
months thereafter. 

A record of all licensed steam boilers in¬ 
spected, and the amount of pressure al¬ 
lowed on each one of such boilers, shall be 
kept by the Police Department. 

The Police Department is empowered to 
take entire charge of any insecure or dan¬ 
gerous boiler until it is made safe. 

The following named kinds of business 
are licensed by the Police Commissioner: 
Emigrant Boarding Houses, license fee $10 
and a bond of $500; Brokers of Emigrant 
Passengers (persons who book emigrant 
passengers and their baggage to points in¬ 
land from New York), license fee $25 a 
year; Runners (persons who solicit patron¬ 
age for Hotels, Railroads, Steamboats, etc.), 
license fee $20 and $300 bond; Theatres and 
Concert Halls, fee $500 a year. 

Intoxicants cannot be sold in Theatres 
oi Concert Halls, except where only Vocal 
and Instrumental Musical Exhibitions are 
given, and then only at the discretion and 
under the direction and restrictions of the 
Police Department. 

Women shall not be employed in furnish¬ 
ing refreshments in places of public amuse¬ 
ment. 

A minor under 14 years, unaccompanied 
byffiis parent or guardian, shall not be ad¬ 
mitted to Theatrical Exhibitions in the 
evening. 

It is a misdemeanor to give any enter¬ 
tainment of the stage, except Vocal and 
Instrumental Exhibitions, on Sunday. In 
addition to other punishment, the license of 
such place may be revoked. 

No Entertainment of the stage can be 
given without a license from the Police 
Commissioner. But this does not apply to 
private theatricals or entertainments given 
for charitable purposes. 

MISCELLANEOUS DEPARTMENTS 
AND LAWS. 

The Mayor appoints Marshals, who hold 
office ten years. They must reside in the 
district where they work. They are Civil 
Officers. A City Marshal serves dispossess, 
etc., and is paid by fee as provided by law. 

Permission to run Stage Coaches, etc., 
shall not be granted without approval of a 
majority of the property owners abounding 
its lines, nor to run on the same streets 
with surface cars without permission of the 
party owning such car line. When such 
permission is granted, application is then 
made to the Mayor for a FRANCHISE, 

80 


who refers same to the Board of Estimate 
and Apportionment. The head of any de- 

rn t D m MT n cu eXCept police and Law, shall 
FURNISH to any CITIZEN, on payment 
ot 5 cents for every 100 words a true 
COPY OF ANY BOOK or account, and 
such books shall be open at all times to the 
taxpayers. 

No one shall tow garbage out to set for 
the purpose of dumping it therein. 

The powers and duties of the Commis¬ 
sioner of Lighting and Supplies relative to 
Armories devolve upon the President of 
the Board of Aldermen, who shall, by vir¬ 
tue of his office, be President of the Board 
ot Armories. The other members of the 
Board of Armories are: The Mayor, Presi¬ 
dent of the Department of Taxes and As¬ 
sessments, and a Brigadier Officer from 
each of the brigades. 

The Mayor, Corporation Counsel and 
Comptroller constitute the BOARD of 
CITY RECORD, which publishes the offi¬ 
cial news of the various departments of the 
City Government. 


No person holding a city office shall en¬ 
gage in any city contract. 

The Public Service Commission is com¬ 
posed of five members, who are appointed 
by the Governor. This Commission takes 
the place of the old Board of Rapid Tran¬ 
sit Commissioners, in New York City, and 
their principal duties are to adopt rules and 
regulations, and cause the same to be en¬ 
forced, for the government of railroads and 
public transportation companies. They may 


compel any railroad company to install any 
kind of cars, or any number of cars or other 
improvements, which they think proper for 
the public welfare. 

This Commission exercises supervision 
over gas and electric light companies, and 
they may compel the above companies to 
adopt measures, rules and regulations for 
the benefit of the public. 

The Public Service Commission is di¬ 
vided into two divisions, with five member 
in each division. Greater New York is in 
the first division. The remaining portion of 
the State is in the second division. The 
part of the Board which has jurisdiction of 
the second division takes the place of the 
old State Railroad Commission. 

CIVIL SERVICE COMMISSIONERS 

are appointed by the Mayor. There must 
be at least three Commissioners, and only 
two out of three can belong to the same 
political party. Their duties are to exam¬ 
ine candidates for positions in the classified 
service, and conduct examinations for pro¬ 
motion, and see that no person is appointed 
to a city position or paid a salary in viola¬ 
tion of the Civil Service Laws, the aim of 
which is to employ only the best servants 
obtainable. 

There is a DEPARTMENT OF LI¬ 
CENSES which has charge of the issuing 
of licenses to hackmen, peddlers, ets., and 
which enforces the law governing EM¬ 
PLOYMENT AGENCIES. 


QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS ON CITY, STATE AND 

FEDERAL. GOVERNMENT. 


Ques. 1:—What is Government? 

ANS.:—Government is any set of condi¬ 
tions under which a nation or community or 
other body may be required to follow the 
directions of the recognized authority. In a 
despotic form of government the will of the 
ruler must be obeyed. In a constitutional 
form of government the ruler must act in 
accordance with the constitution. 

Ques. 2:—What is a constitution? 

ANS.:—A constitution is a set of funda¬ 
mental laws prescribing what shall be the 
purposes for which a nation, community, so¬ 
ciety, club or other body shall exist; the 
rights and duties of the individual mem¬ 
bers; what officers there shall be and what 
shall be their powers and duties; how the 
laws are to be made and how changed; how 
peace is to be preserved, etc. 

Ques. .3:—What is the difference between 
a law and a constitution? 

ANS.:—A law is a separate act for a sin¬ 
gle specific purpose and a law does not 


affect the constitution unless it is a consti¬ 
tutional amendment. Constitutional amend¬ 
ments can be made only under conditions 
provided for in the constitution itself, but 
laws may be passed at any time that the 
law making body is in session. No law is 
valid that conflicts with the constitution. 

Ques. 4:—What is the difference between 
an act of Congress, an act of the State Leg¬ 
islature and an act of the Board of Aider- 
men? 

ANS.:—An act of Congress affects the 
entire United States* an act of the State 
Legislature affects only the people of that 
State; an act of the Board of Aldermen af¬ 
fects only the people of the city. 

Ques. 5:—What is Congress? 

ANS.:—Congress is the national law 
making body. It consists of two houses, 
the Senate and the House of Representa¬ 
tives. Members of the Senate are called 
Senators, and members of the House of 
Representatives are called Congressmen. 

81 




Ques. 6:—What is a Bill? What is a 
Law? 

ANS.:—A bill is a proposed law. When 
it has been passed by law making body and 
approved by the chief executive, it becomes 
a law. 

Ques. 7:—How are Congressmen (Repre¬ 
sentatives) and Senators chosen? 

ANS.:—Each State is represented by two 
Senators, regardless of its population. U. 
S. Senators until recently were elected by a 
majority vote of their respective State Leg¬ 
islatures, but under a recent amendment 
to the Constitution of the United States 
they are now chosen by direct vote of the 
people. Congressmen, that is, members of 
the House of Representatives, are elected 
by direct vote of the people. The number 
of Congressmen from a State is according 
to the population of that State. Under the 
provisions of the Constitution of the United 
States, Senators serve for six years, and 
Congressmen two years. 

Ques. 8:—How is the President of the 
United States chosen? 

ANS.:—He is elected by direct vote of 
the people, and serves for four years. 

Ques. 9:—What is meant by the Presi¬ 
dent’s “Cabinet,” who compose it, and how 
are its members chosen? 

ANS.:—'The President’s “Cabinet” means 
a council composed of the heads of the nine 
departments of the Executive Department 
of' the Government. These officials are: 
Secretary of State, Secretary of Treasury, 
Secretary of War, Attorney-General, Post¬ 
master-General, Secretary of Navy, Secre¬ 
tary of Interior, Secretary of Agriculture 
and Secretary of Commerce and Labor. All 
are appointed by the President, and each 
has charge of administering the affairs ap¬ 
propriate to that department as indicated by 
the title. 

Ques. 10:—Into how many general 
branches is the Government divided? De¬ 
fine each. 

ANS.:—Legislative, Executive and Judi¬ 
cial. The President and his Cabinet con¬ 
stitute the Executive branch. The Supreme 
Court and the subsidiary Federal Courts 
constitute the Judicial branch. The Sen¬ 
ate and the House of Representatives—or 
Congress—constitute the Legislative 

branch. 

Ques. 11:—State briefly the duties of the 
Legislative, Executive and Judiciary De¬ 
partments of the Federal Government. 

ANS.:—It is the duty of Congress to 
make the laws. It is the duty of the Presi¬ 
dent to enforce the laws. It is the duty of 
the Courts to interpret the laws. 

Ques. 12:—What is meant by “interpret” 
the laws? 

ANS.:—It means that where difference of 
opinion prevails as to the meaning of a law, 
the courts have power to declare its mean¬ 
ing, and thereupon the law must be so in¬ 


terpreted. It also means that if Congress 
passes a law which is believed to be in vio¬ 
lation of the Constitution of the United 
States, the courts must decide the question 
and if the courts declare that it is unconsti¬ 
tutional the law becomes void. 

Ques. 13:—Why would it not be better 
to have a king with absolute power to rule 
over the country, instead of having three 
different branches which may disagree with 
each other and thus lack unity of action in 
-matters that may be very important to the 
welfare of the country? 

ANS.:—Because, unless there could be an 
assurance of having a king so wise and just 
that the affairs of the nation would best be 
in his hands, it is better to have the govern¬ 
ment in the hands of three different 
branches, each of which acts as a check on 
the other, and all of whom are chosen by 
the people, directly or indirectly; and all of 
whom can be removed by proper proced¬ 
ure if they fail to do their duty. 

Ques. 14:—What is meant by an “Execu¬ 
tive Officer?” 

ANS.:—An Executive Officer is one who 
is charged with the enforcement of laws or 
the management of the affairs of' a depart¬ 
ment of government. 

Ques. 15:—Describe as well as you can, 
what is the Constitution of the United 
States, when and how was it adopted and 
for what purpose, and its principal provi¬ 
sions. 

ANS.:—The Constitution of the United 
States was adopted during the Revolution¬ 
ary War, which was a rebellion of the 
American colonies against their mother 
country, England. The Colonies had de¬ 
clared their independence of England, and it 
therefore became necessary to form a gov¬ 
ernment of their own. They decided to 
have a republic instead of a monarchy, and 
they agreed upon a set of fundamental 
rules under which the new government 
should be conducted. This set of rules is 
called the Constitution. 

The Constitution does not go into small 
details, but deals only with the fundamental 
principles for the conduct of the govern¬ 
ment, leaving minor matters to be made the 
subject of legislation by Congress. 

The most important declaration of the 
Constitution is that all men were created 
free and equal, and therefore all citizens of 
the United States shall have equal rights. 

The next most important declaration is 
that all citizens shall have a voice in the 
government and shall have the power to 
elect those who are to make the laws (Con¬ 
gress) and the principal officer who is to 
enforce the laws (the President), and it 
limits the number of years they shall serve, 
so that they cannot hold office for life after 
being once elected. 

It then prescribes into how many princi¬ 
pal departments the government shall be di¬ 
vided and the duties of each department. 



Ques. 16:—Name some of the powers of 
the President. 

ANS.:—He is the Commander-in-Chief of 
the Army and Navy. He may pardon or re¬ 
prieve any person convicted of a crime ex¬ 
cept where a person has been impeached by 
Congress. He appoints the heads of most 
federal departments, such as the Secretary 
ot War, Attorney-General, Postmaster-Gen¬ 
eral, Collector of the Port, etc. He has the 
power to approve or disapprove all laws 
passed by Congress. He appoints all dip¬ 
lomatic representatives to foreign countries, 
subject to approval by the Senate. He may 
negotiate treaties with foreign countries. 

Ques. 17:—State some of the principal 
powers of Congress. 

ANS.:—Congress makes the laws for the 
governance of the nation. These laws must 
not conflict with the Constitution of the 
United States and they must not interfere 
with State rights, unless the welfare of the 
nation as a whole justifies it. Congress, for 
example, can pass a law that no railroad 
which passes through a number of states 
shall charge more than a certain number of 
cents per mile to carry passengers, but it 
has no power to pass a law that a street 
railroad which operates only in New York 
City shall charge a particular fare. It can 
only interfere in the affairs of states where 
the affairs of those states affect other states. 

Congress has the power to coin money, 
declare war, impose taxes, provide for the 
defense of the nation and the general wel¬ 
fare of the nation, and prescribe penalties 
for violations of Federal laws. 

Ques. 18:—What is an “Act of Congress”? 

ANS.:—It is a proposal by any member 
of Congress which is adopted by a major¬ 
ity vote and approved by the President of 
the United States. 

Ques. 19:—What is a “Bill”? 

ANS.:—It is a proposal as above stated. 

Ques. 20:—Can a Bill become a Law in 
spite of the President’s disapproval? 

ANS.:—If the President disapproves a 
measure, it can become a Law through 
both houses of Congress repassing it over 
his veto by a 2-3 vote. 

Ques. 21:—Is there any other way in 
which a Bill can become a Law without 
the President’s approval? 

ANS.:—If he fails to either approve or 
disapprove, it becomes a Law the same as 
though he had approved. 

Ques. 21 %:—How are members of the 
House of Representatives and of the Sen¬ 
ate chosen? 

ANS.:—Members of the House of Repre¬ 
sentatives (Congressmen) are chosen by di¬ 
rect vote of the people, at elections held 
every two years. One Representative is al¬ 
lowed for every 30,000 inhabitants. Sen¬ 
ators, until recently, were chosen by the 
State Legislatures, but under a recent 
amendment to the Constitution of the 
United States they are now being chosen by 


popular vote, the same as Congressmen. 
Two Senators are allowed for each state, 
regardless of its population. Senators serve 
for six years. 

Ques. 22:—How are the President and 
Vice-President of the United States chosen, 
and how long do they serve? 

ANS.:—Instead of the people voting di¬ 
rectly for President and Vice-President, 
they vote for Presidential Electors. The 
Electors who are elected hold what is called 
an Electoral College, wherein the votes are 
counted, and for whomever the majority of 
Electors cast their ballot, that person is de¬ 
clared elected. Each party has candidates 
for Presidential Elector, and a vote for a 
Presidential Elector is equivalent to a di¬ 
rect vote for the Presidential or Vice-Pres¬ 
idential candidate for whom that Elector 
stands. The President and Vice-President 
serve for four years. 

Ques. 23:—Who would become President 
if the President died? 

ANS.:—The Vice-President. 

Ques. 24:—Who would become President 
if the Vice-President died after becoming 
President? 

ANS.:—The Secretary of State. 

Ques. 25:—How is the Cabinet of the 
President chosen, and for how long do they 
serve? 

ANS.:—They are appointed by the Presi¬ 
dent and serve as long as the President 
serves, unless he sooner removes them. 

Ques. 26:—Of what is the Judicial De¬ 
partment of the United States Government 
composed? 

ANS.:—It is composed of the United 
States courts. These courts are: Supreme 
Court of the United States, Circuit Courts, 
Court of Claims, and District Courts. Cir¬ 
cuit Courts include a number of States, 
while there are several District Courts in 
most States. 

Ques. 27:—What is the duty of the United 
States Courts? 

ANS.:—It is to pass on disputes in mat¬ 
ters of law, but such disputes must not re¬ 
late to matters appropriate to be settled by 
the individual States of the United States. 

Ques. 28:—How are Judges of the United 
States Courts chosen? 

ANS.:—They are appointed by the Pres¬ 
ident of the United ( States, and hold offlce 
for life, or during goo*d behavior. 

Ques. 29:—Into what departments is the 
government of the State of New York di¬ 
vided? 

ANS.: —Legislative, Executive and Judi¬ 
cial. 

Ques. 30:—What is the duty of the Legis¬ 
lative Department? 

ANS.: —It is to make the laws. 


83 


Ques. 31:—Is there any higher law than 
the laws passed by the Legislature? 

ANS,:—Yes. There is the Constitution of 
the State of New York. 

Ques. 32:—What is the Constitution of 
the State of New York? 

ANS.:—It is a body of fundamental laws, 
embodying the Constitution of the United 
States and with the additional of funda¬ 
mental laws for the governance of the State 
as an independent state. Each state in the 
United States, when it is admitted to the 
Union as a state, adopts a Constitution 
which must conform to the Constitution of 
the United States. This is the basis of all 
law in the state. 

Ques. 33:—Does the Legislature amend 
the Constitution of the State? 

ANS.:—The Legislature does not amend 
the Constitution of the State. On the con¬ 
trary, all laws passed by the Legislature 
must be in harmony to amend the Consti¬ 
tution; the proposal is introduced into the 
Legislature as a proposed amendment. If 
this is passed by the Legislature, the pro¬ 
posal is submitted to the people to be voted 
upon at the next general election. If it re¬ 
ceives two-thirds of all the votes cast, it be¬ 
comes effective as an amendment to the 
Constitution. If it does not receive two- 
thirds of the votes cast, the proposed 
amendment has failed. 

Ques. 34:—What kind of laws has the 
Legislature the power to pass? 

ANS.:—Any kind of law that does not 
interfere with the Constitution of the Unit¬ 
ed States or the Constitution of the State 
of New York or that does not interfere with 
purely local affairs in cities and towns. 

Ques. 35:—Give an example of a law 
that would be a violation of the Constitution 
of the State of New York. 

ANS.:—A law declaring that persons 
could be sent to prison, in times of peace, 
without a trial. 

Ques. 36:—Give an example of a law that 
would be interfering with local affairs. 

ANS.:—One that would prescribe that in 
the city of New York all lamp posts must 
be painted blue. Such a law might be legal 
if it provided that lamp posts must be paint¬ 
ed blue in all cities of a certain population, 
but it would not be legal if it affected only 
one city, unless the matter involved were 
one affecting the welfare of the people of 
the state generally. 

• Ques. 37:—Give an example of a local 
matter in the City of New York that it 
would be proper for the Legislature to pass 
a law governing. 

ANS.:—If there were scarlet fever in the 
City of New York and the city made no ef¬ 
fort to prevent its spreading, it would be 
appropriate for the Legislature to pass a 
law directing the City of New York to take 
measures to prevent such spread. 


Ques. 38:—What is meant by “Veto”? 

ANS.:—A Veto is the act of a President 
refusing to approve a bill of Congress, or a 
Governor refusing to approve a bill of the 
Legislature, or a Mayor refusing to approve 
an Ordinance or Resolution of the Board 
of Aldermen. 

Ques. 39:—Who has the power to make 
Treaties with foreign countries? 

ANS.:—The President of the United 
States, with the approval of a two-thirds 
vote of the U. S. Senate. 

Ques. 40:—Since the number of Congress¬ 
men each State is entitled to is determined 
by the population, how is the population as¬ 
certained? 

ANS.:—It is ascertained through a Cen¬ 
sus taken by the Federal Government every 
ten years. 

Ques. 41:—What is meant by a trial by 
jury? 

ANS.:—According to the Constitution of 
the United States, every person charged 
with a crime is entitled to a trial by fellow' 
citizens. In the higher courts a jury con¬ 
sists of 12 citizens; in Justices’ courts a jury 
consists of 6. The jurors hear the testi¬ 
mony, and then decide whether the defend¬ 
ant is guilty or not guilty. 

Ques. 42:—Who is Commander-in-Chief 
of the Army and Navy of the United States? 

ANS.:—The President. 

Ques. 43:—What is necessary before a 
foreigner can become a citizen? 

ANS.:—He must have resided in the 
United States for five years, and must have 
declared his intention to become a citizen 
two years before he can secure the right of 
citizenship. He must renounce his allegi¬ 
ance to his native country and take oath 
that he will support the Constitution of the 
United States. 

Ques. 44:—Of what does the Legislative 
branch of the State of New York consist? 

ANS.:—Of the Senate and Assembly. 

Ques. 45:—How are Senators and Assem¬ 
blymen chosen? 

ANS.:—Senators are chosen by direct 
vote of the people every two years, and As¬ 
semblymen every year. The State is divid¬ 
ed into Senatorial Districts and Assembly 
Districts. A Senatorial District includes 
several Assembly Districts. 

Ques. 46:—Have Senators greater power 
than Assemblymen? 

ANS.:—No, except that the Senate, con¬ 
sisting of 50 members, has as much voting 
power as the Assembly, consisting of 150 
members. Individual Senators have no more 
power than individual Assemblymen. 

Ques. 47:—Of what does the Executive 
branch of the State Government consist? 

ANS.:—It consists of officials elected by 
direct vote of the people to have charge of 
important branches of the government and 


84 


officials appointed by the Governor to pre¬ 
side over departments which have no elec¬ 
tive heads. 

Ques. 48:—Who are the principal execu¬ 
tive officers elected by the people, and how 
long do they serve? 

ANS.:—The Governor, Lieutenant Gov¬ 
ernor, Secretary of State, Comptroller, 
Treasurer, Attorney General and State En¬ 
gineer and Surveyor. All serve for two 
years. 


Ques. 52:—How does the State of New 
York obtain money with which to pay the 
expenses of the Government? 

ANS.:—The Legislature passes laws pro¬ 
viding that certain kinds of property be 
taxed. Taxes may be levied either on real 
property (immovable property) or personal 
property (movable property). After it has 
been estimated what will be the expenses 
for the coming year, the Legislature in ad¬ 
vance passes a law appropriating the nec¬ 
essary amount of money. 


Ques. 49:—Briefly state the powers of 
each of the principal executive officers of 
the State government. 

ANS.:—The Governor has the power to 
approve or disapprove all measures passed 
by the Legislature. If he vetoes (disap¬ 
proves) a measure, it can become a law only 
by being re-passed by the Legislature by a 
2-3 vote. The Governor is Commander-in- 
Chief of the land and naval militia of the 
State, and can remove from office, on 
charges, the Mayors of cities and other offi¬ 
cials who cannot be removed by any local 
officer. 

The Lieutenant Governor is President of 
the Senate, and in case of the death of the 
Governor, succeeds to that office. 

The Secretary of State is keeper of the 
papers of the State and certifies State doc¬ 
uments. He publishes and distributes the 
laws, etc., issues notices of elections, li¬ 
censes, etc. 

The Comptroller manages the funds of 
the State and is in charge of the collection 
0 p taxes. 

The Treasurer has charge of all monies 
paid into the Treasury. . 

The Attorney-General is the official coun¬ 
sel of the State. It is his duty to prose¬ 
cute in the name of the State and to ad¬ 
vise the officers of the State in matters of 

law. , _ . . 

The State Engineer and Surveyor is in 
charge of engineering and surveying of pub¬ 
lic lands and canals of the State. 


Ques. 50:—Name some executive officers 
who are appointed by the Governor. 

ANS.:—Superintendent of Public Works, 
State Commissioners of Health, Superin¬ 
tendent of Insurance, Superintendent ot 
Banking, State Board of Chanties Com¬ 
missioners of State Prisons, Railroad Com¬ 
missioners, State Tax Commissioners, State 
Civil Service Commissioners, Excise Com¬ 
missioner, State Commissioner of Labor, 
State Board of Mediation and Arbitration. 

Ques. 51:—How is it that in the United 
States Government, the Secretary of State 
and other principal executive officers are ap¬ 
pointed by the President, while under the 
Government of the State of New York the 
highest officials are elected by the people. 

ANS.:—Each State has the power to de¬ 
cide for itself in matters of that kind. In 
some States an officer may be elective, 
while in other States the corresponding offi¬ 
cer may be appointive. 


Ques. 53:—If you desired to know the 
name of the Senator or Assemblyman rep¬ 
resenting the district in which you resid¬ 
ed, how could you find out in a legal man¬ 
ner? 

ANS.:—By writing to the Secretary of 
State. 

Ques. 54:—What do you understand to 
be the meaning of the phrase, “the Charter 
of a city”? 

ANS.:—It is a license under which the 
city is authorized by the Legislature to gov¬ 
ern itself. The Charter is a set of laws 
passed by the Legislature and it defines 
the limits of authority of that city. The 
Charter can be amended by the Legislature 
at any time. 

Ques. 55:—In case the office of an elec¬ 
tive official like that of District Attorney 
becomes vacant, how is the vacancy filled 
during the time intervening before the next 
election? 

ANS.:—The Governor appoints a per¬ 
son to fill the vacancy. The Governor has 
power to fill vacancies in most elective of¬ 
fices. In the case of a Borough President, 
the Aldermen of his borough elect his suc¬ 
cessor. 

Ques. 56:—In case a Borough President 
of New York City is guilty of misconduct 
in office, is there any way of removing him, 
or must he be permitted to continue in of¬ 
fice until the next election? 

ANS.:—The Governor has power to re¬ 
move Mayors, Borough Presidents, District 
Attorneys and most other elective officials. 

Ques. 57:—Has the Mayor of New York 
power to approve or disapprove bills passed 
by the State Legislature? 

ANS.:—All bills relating exclusively to 
the City of New York must be submitted to 
the Mayor of New York for his approval or 
disapproval after being passed by the Leg¬ 
islature. If the Mayor approves, the bill 
then goes to the Governor, who also can 
either approve or disapprove, he having the 
final voice. If the Mayor disapproves, the 
Legislature can pass the bill over his veto 
by a majority vote. A bill vetoed by the 
Governor can only become a law if the Leg¬ 
islature repasses it by a two-third vote. 

Ques. 58:—What is a law? 

ANS.:—A law is a rule adopted by the 
law-making power which the members of 
a community are required to observe under 
penalty for disobedience. 


85 



Ques. 59:—What two classes of laws are 
there? 

ANS.:—Civil laws and criminal laws. 

Ques. 60:—Define each. 

ANS.:—A criminal law provides punish¬ 
ment for crimes, by fine or imprisonment. 
A civil law provides for the adjustment of 
disputes over money, property, matters of 
equity, etc. The penalty in civil cases is 
judgment for a certain amount of money, 
restoration of property and similar restitu¬ 
tion. 

Ques. 61:—What is meant by saying that 
a law is “unconstitutional”? 

ANS.:—It means that the law is not in 
harmony with some provision of the Con¬ 
stitution and therefore invalid. 

Ques. 62:—What is a Primary Election? 

ANS.:—A Primary Election is an election 
held by political parties for the purpose of 
electing leaders. These leaders act as del¬ 
egates to the party conventions at which 
the nominees of that party for public office 
are chosen. 

Ques. 63:—What is a general election? 

ANS.:—A general election is an election 
held at a regular time appointed by law at 
which the people vote for public officers. 

Ques. 63 * 4 :—Who are the principal offi¬ 
cers of a county? 

ANS.:—Outside the four counties which 
are included in Greater New York, the prin¬ 
cipal officers are: County Judge, Surrogate, 
District Attorney, Coroners, County Clerk, 
County Treasurer, Supt. of the Poor, and 
Board of Supervisors. 

In Greater New York there are County 
Judges in all but New York County, where 
the Judges of Court of General Sessions 
have jurisdiction, and separate Surrogates 
in all but Richmond. Each of the four 
counties has a District Attorney. Each has 
also a County Clerk, but New York and 
Kings have in addition a Register and a 
Commissioner of Records. Each of the 
counties has a Public Administrator. All 
have Coroners. None has a County Treas¬ 
urer, the functions of this office devolving 
upon the City Chamberlain and Comptrol¬ 
ler. 

The Board of Supervisors is represented 
by the Aldermen and the Local Boards of 
Improvement. The Board of Aldermen and 
Local Boards perform functions similar to 
the Board of Supervisors, etc., of other 
counties. 

Ques. 64:—State briefly the duties of 
county officers in Greater New York. 

ANS.:—The District Attorney prosecutes 
all criminal cases and acts as legal adviser 
of other county officials and of the Grand 
Jury. 

The Sheriff is the first executive officer 
of the county. He is the chief peace officer, 
charged with the arrest of criminals and 
the preservation of public order. He has 
charge of the county jail and collects judg¬ 
ments. He summons witnesses and jurors, 


and serves all warrants of the higher courts. 

The County Clerk in New York and 
Kings Counties files judgment rolls, trans¬ 
cripts of the judgments of the courts, and 
the election returns. In Queens and Rich¬ 
mond his duties are to record deeds, mort¬ 
gages and judgments, in addition to the 
foregoing. 

The Register is an officer in New York 
and Kings Counties only. He keeps rec¬ 
ords of transfers of real estate, mortgages, 
etc. 

The Commissioner of Jurors selects the 
names of those qualified to sit as grand and 
petit jurors for each term of Supreme and 
County Court. 

Commissioner of Records in New York 
County has charge of the care and preser¬ 
vation of the records of the County Clerk’s 
office of New York County. In Kings Coun¬ 
ty the duties are the same. 

Ques. 65:—Give a rough idea of the du¬ 
ties of the following City officials:—(a) 
The Mayor, (b) the Board of Estimate, (c) 
the Board of Aldermen. 

ANS.:—(a) The Mayor is the Chief Exec¬ 
utive of the City and is responsible for the 
enforcement of its laws. There are 15 de¬ 
partment heads who are appointed by him 
and under his jurisdiction. He has the 
power to approve or veto ordinances. 

(b) The Board of Estimate practically 
has charge of the finances of the City, ex¬ 
cept that in some matters the Board of Al¬ 
dermen must concur. The Board of Esti¬ 
mate has power to grant franchises, create 
new positions, decide how much money 
shall be appropriated with which to con¬ 
duct the government of the City and fix 
the tax-rate. 

(c) The Board of Aldermen is the legis¬ 
lative body of the City, but its powers are 
quite limited, as matters involving finance 
are mainly in the hands of the Board of 
Estimate. The Aldermen can cut out ap¬ 
propriations from the annual budget, but 
cannot add any. The principal function of 
the Aldermen is to pass local laws, called 
ordinances. 

Ques. 66:—Give a rough idea of the func¬ 
tions of the Finance Department and state 
what official or officials are at the head of it 
and how they come into office. 

ANS.:—The Finance Department con¬ 
sists of two divisions, headed by the Comp¬ 
troller and the City Chamberlain. The 
Comptroller is elected by the people, while 
the City Chamberlain is appointed by the 
Mayor. 

The Comptroller collects taxes and 
other revenues due the City and also as¬ 
sessments. He audits, revises and settles 
accounts in which the City is either debtor 
or creditor. He also compiles statistics on 
the financial condition of the City. 

The Chamberlain is the Treasurer of the 
City; that is, he has charge of the safe¬ 
keeping of money paid in. 

(NOTE:—In most cities the correspond¬ 
ing officers are an Auditor and a Treasurer, 
in which case the Treasurer collects the 


money and also keeps it in custody. In 
New York City, however, the Comptroller 
also collects the money besides being Audi¬ 
tor of the City’s accounts. 

Ques. 67:—Give a rough idea of the func¬ 
tions of the Law Dept, and the Police Dept, 
and state what official or officials are at the 
head of these departments and how they 
come into office. 

ANS.:—Law Dept.—The Corporation 
Counsel is the head of the Law Dept. It 
is his duty to interpret the law for the May¬ 
or and department heads to guide them in 
their actions in legal matters; he prose¬ 
cutes persons violating corporation ordi¬ 
nances; brings suits against persons who 
owe money to the City, and defends legal 
actions brought against the City, such as 
claims for damages. The Corporation Coun¬ 
sel is appointed by the Mayor. 

Police Dept.—It is the duty of the Police 
Department to enforce all laws and ordi¬ 
nances for a violation of which a penalty is 
imposed; preserve the peace; arrest offend¬ 
ers; take charge of lost, stolen or unclaimed 
property; supervise and inspect businesses 
requiring public licenses, such as pawnbro¬ 
kers, junk dealers, dancing academies and 
places of public assembly. The head is a 
Commissioner, appointed by the Mayor. 


Ques. 68:—Give a rough idea of the func¬ 
tions of the Dept, of Water Supply, Gas 
and Electricity and the Board of Water Sup¬ 
ply, and state what official or officials are at 
the head of these departments and how 
they come into office. 

Dept, of Water Supply, Gas and Electric¬ 
ity—Has charge of the City’s water supply 
and lighting. It has control over the lay¬ 
ing of electric and gas mains but cannot 
permit the laying of same without the ap¬ 
proval of the Borough President. The head 
is a Commissioner, appointed by the May- 

OI Board of Water Supply.— This Board has 
nothing to do with the Dept, of Water Sup¬ 
ply, Gas and Electricity. It is a specially 
created body that has for its sole duty the 
building of an aqueduct from the' Catskill 
Mountains to New York City. When the 
aqueduct is completed the Board will go 
out of existence and the Dept, of Water 
Supply, Gas and Electricity will take charge 
of the aqueduct, the same as it has charge 
of the City’s other waterworks plants, ihe 
Board consists of three Commissioners ap¬ 
pointed by the Mayor. 

Oues. 69:—Give a rough idea of the du¬ 
ties of Borough Presidents, state how many 
there are in New York City and how they 

C °ANs“— 'T°®re are five Borough Presi¬ 
dents one each for the following Boroughs: 
Manhattan, Brooklyn, The Bronx, 9 ue ®J’® 
and Richmond. They are elected by the 

P6 They are in a sense Vice Mayors and rul- 
ers of their Boroughs in matters relating 
mostly to public works. They are also mem- 
“ers of the Board of Estimate, members of 


the Board of Aldermen and. Chairmen of the 
Boards of Local Improvements in each Bor¬ 
ough. They grant permits for erecting 
buildings and approve the plans; have cus¬ 
tody of public buildings and of public 
works, such as streets, sewers, baths, com¬ 
fort stations, railroad tracks, street obstruc¬ 
tions, street incumbrance, dredging the City’s 
canals, street paving, filling-in sunken lots, 
excavating, markets, etc. In Queens and 
Richmond they have charge of street clean¬ 
ing, but not in the other Boroughs. Each 
Borough President appoints a Commission- 
ei of Public Works, who is in charge of 
most of the practical work except buildings, 
which are in charge of a Supt. of Buildings, 
also appointed by the Borough President. 
They also have City Surveyors, who have 
charge of the City’s maps. They do not 
have charge of waterworks or gas or elec¬ 
tricity, as the Dept, of Water Supply, Gas 
and Electricity attends to those matters. 

Ques. 70:—What is the Board of Local 
Improvements, and who constitute the 
members? 

ANS.:—The Board of Local Improve¬ 
ments are bodies which give attention to 
public improvements local to the districts 
in which they exist. There are 25 such 
Boards in the City. The territory belong¬ 
ing to each Board includes a number of Al- 
dermanic Districts, and the Aldermen of 
those districts, together with the President 
of the Borough, constitute the Board. The 
Borough President is Chairman of each of 
the Boards of Local Improvements in his 
borough. 

If the people in the Aldermanic districts 
included within the jurisdiction of a partic¬ 
ular Board of Local Improvements wish a 
street opened, or paved, or sewers laid, or 
gambling suppressed, or nuisances abated, 
or anything of public concern done to im¬ 
prove conditions in their district, they re¬ 
quest the Borough President, as Chairman, 
to call a meeting of the Board. The matters 
are then discussed by the members of the 
Board and the citizens interested. 

If the Board wishes to take action involv¬ 
ing a disbursement of public funds, they 
must apply to the Board of Estimate for 
the money, if the amount involved is not 
over $500,000. If it is over $500,000 the 
Board of Aldermen, in addition, must ap¬ 
prove the disbursement. 

In the case of nuisances, gambling, etc., 
the Board usually calls upon the Police to 
take action, or members of the Board may 
bring the matter before the Board of Aider- 
men for action. 

Ques. 71:—What ‘are duties of the City 
Clerk and of the Commissioner of Ac¬ 
counts, and how do they come into office? 

ANS.:—The City Clerk is appointed by 
the Board of Aldermen. His duties are to 
have charge of all ordinances and records of 
the Board of Aldermen, to issue Marriage 
Licenses and Auctioneers’ Licenses, and to 
issue certificates of appointment to and keep 
a register of Commissioners of Deeds, who 
are appointed by the Board of Aldermen. 


87 


The Commissioner of Accounts is ap¬ 
pointed by the Mayor and makes reports 
of all his work to him. It is his duty to ex¬ 
amine the financial condition of the City 
by inspection of the books of the Comp¬ 
troller, the City Chamberlain and any other 
departments. He has power to subpoena 
witnesses. 

Ques. 72:—What are the duties of the 
Sinking Fund Commission and the Board 
of Taxes and Assessment, who compose the 
members of these bodies, and how do they 
come into office? 

ANS.:—The Sinking Fund Commission 
has charge of a savings fund maintained 
by the City for the purpose of meeting long¬ 
time bonds as they come due. The Com¬ 
mission, with the approval of the Board of 
Aldermen, has the power to sell or lease 
City property for which there is no further 
use, except that they cannot sell parks, 
wharves or land under water. They have 
the power to settle disputes between prop¬ 
erty owners and the City over boundary 
lines. They assign the buildings to be used 
for City courts and jails. The members of 
the Commission are the Mayor, Comptrol¬ 
ler, City Chamberlain, President of the 
Board of Aldermen and the Chairman of 
the Finance Committee of the Board of Al¬ 
dermen. All of the above are elected by 
the people, except the City Chamberlain, 
who is appointed by the Mayor. 

The Board of Taxes and Asesssments as¬ 
sesses for purposes of taxation the value 
of all real estate in the City of New York 
subject to City taxation. It consists of five 
Commissioners appointed by the Mayor. 
There is also a board known as the Board 
of Revision of Taxes and Assessments. This 
Board has powers of revision of assess¬ 
ments. It consists of the Comptroller, Cor¬ 
poration Counsel and President of the 
Board of Taxes. 

Ques. 73:—Roughly state the duties of 
the Commissioner of Docks and Ferries and 
how he comes into office. 

ANS.:—The Commissioner of Docks and 
berries has charge of the City’s dock prop¬ 
erty and ferries. He has power to make 
rules regarding the use of City dock prop¬ 
erty and the water in the immediate vicin¬ 
ity of docks. He has power to regulate the 
use of marginal streets fronting on docks, 
the paving or opening of such streets, etc. 
Rules adopted by him relating to Dock 
property have the force of City ordinances 
and violations are a misdemeanor. He has 
power to lease dock property, subject to 
the approval of the Sinking Fund Commis¬ 
sion. He assigns to the Borough Presidents 
places along the water front that may be 
used for Public Baths, but has nothing else 
to do with'Public Baths, they being con¬ 
ducted by the Borough Presidents. 

The Commissioner of Docks and Fer¬ 
ries is appointed by the Mayor. 

Ques. 74:—What are the principal duties 
of the Bridge Commissioner and the Street 


Cleaning Commissioner, and how do they 
come into office? 

ANS.:—The Bridge Commissioner has 
control over all bridges crossing streams 
of water in Greater New York and has 
charge of tunnels which run under bodies 
of water within the City, except in such 
respects where the law confers power upon 
the Public Service Commission. He has 
charge of the collection of tolls on bridges 
and it is his duty to superintend construc¬ 
tion, repair, etc., of City bridges. He is 
appointed by the Mayor. 

The Commissioner of Street Cleaning has 
charge of cleaning the streets in Manhat¬ 
tan, Brooklyn and the Bronx, but not in 
Queens and Richmond, where the street 
cleaning is in charge of the Borough Presi¬ 
dents. In addition to seeing that the streets 
are kept clean and snow removed from the 
streets, it is his duty to remove from side¬ 
walks garbage and ashes placed in proper 
cans. He also has the power to remove 
from the streets obstructions that inter¬ 
fere with cleaning the streets, such as un¬ 
attended carts. He is appointed by the 
Mayor. 

Ques. 75:—-State the principal duties of 
the Commissioner of Correction, and how 
that official comes into office. 

ANS.:—The Commissioner of Correction 
has charge of the City’s institutions for 
criminals and misdemeanants (Misdemean¬ 
ants means persons convicted of petty of¬ 
fenses), except the House of Refuge and 
House for Detention of Witnesses. He has 
no jurisdiction over persons awaiting trial. 
He makes the rules for the various prisons 
and correctional institutions. The Com¬ 
missioner is appointed by the Mayor. 

Ques. 76:—What is the Board of Parole 
in New York City, and who are its mem¬ 
bers? 

ANS.:—The Board of Parole is a body 
whose duties are to investigate the char¬ 
acter, conduct, habits, etc., of persons com¬ 
mitted to City reformatories and institu¬ 
tions as misdemeanants with a view to 
shortening their sentences or releasing them 
in order to give them another chance. Pris¬ 
oners who are on parole may be sent back 
to prison, however, if they do not observe 
good behavior. 

The Board of Parole consists of the Com¬ 
missioner of Correction, one Justice of the 
Court of Special Sessions each from the 
First and Second Divisions, a City Magis¬ 
trate and 4 other persons. All the members 
are appointed by the Mayor. 

Ques. 77:—What are the duties of the 
Tenement House Department, who is the 
head and how does he come into office? 

ANS. >—The duties of the Tenement 
House Department are to approve the plans 
of buildings to be used as tenement houses 
before they are occupied as such; inspect 
existing tenement houses to see that they 
conform to the requirements of law and 
maintain a Bureau of Records. The Bu¬ 
reau of Records keeps on file a list of all 


88 


tenement' houses with the names of the 
owners, lessees and agents thereof. 

The Tenement House Dept, possesses 
all the powers and duties of the Police, Fire 
and Health Departments and Building Bu¬ 
reau relating to tenement houses. It is the 
duty of the Department to see that tene¬ 
ment . houses are not used for purposes of 
prostitution or for illegal occupations; that 
the law regarding the number of persons 
who may live in a room of a certain size 
is enforced; that the houses are kept in a 
sanitary condition; that fire prevention laws 
are observed; that halls are kept lighted, 
etc. It is the duty of the Police Dept, to 
furnish to the Tenement House Dept, a list 
of persons arrested in tenement houses. 

The head of the Tenement House Dept, 
is a Commissioner, who is appointed by the 
Mayor. 

Ques. 78:—What are the principal duties 
of the Department of Health, who is at the 
head and how does such person or persons 
come into office? 

ANS.:—It is the duty of the Health Dept, 
to safeguard the health of the City by mak¬ 
ing regulations, known as the Sanitary 
Code. These regulations have the force of 
Ordinances and violations of them are mis¬ 
demeanors. The Police Dept, is required 
to enforce the Sanitary Code, and the 
Health Dept, also has Inspectors which re¬ 
port violations. The Department has 
charge in all cases of contagious diseases 
and has extraordinary powers to prevent 
their spread. It has charge of hospitals 
where contagious diseases are treated. The 
Department has power to destroy build¬ 
ings, if they menace public health, regulate 
sewage, destroy any animal or thing dan¬ 
gerous to life or health, except a human 
being, remove garbage, abate nuisances, 
such as smoke, etc. 

It is necessary to obtain a permit from 
the Health Dept, in order to conduct 
slaughter houses, lodging houses, milk sell¬ 
ing, out-door bath houses, and other busi¬ 
nesses that are offensive or that require reg¬ 
ulation in the interests of public health. Its 
powers over such matters are almost un¬ 
limited. In addition to issuing permits for 
offensive businesses the Department has su¬ 
pervision, but without issuing permits for, 
over the sale of drink and food, and over 
midwives, medical practitioners, etc. 

The Department has power to issue war¬ 
rants for the arrest of persons violating its 
rules or orders. Violators may also be sued 
civilly by the Department. 

The Department maintains a Sanitary Bu¬ 
reau and a Bureau of Records. The Sani¬ 
tary Bureau makes inspections to see that 
the Sanitary Code is observed. The Bu¬ 
reau of Records keeps records of all deaths, 
births and marriages. 

Ques. 79:—Who is at the head of the 
Park Department, what are the duties of 
such person or persons, and how does he 
or they come into office? 

ANS.:—The head of the Park Depart¬ 
ment is the Park Board. The Board con¬ 


sists of four Commissioners, appointed by 
the Mayor. There is a Commissioner who 
has charge of Parks in Manhattan and 
Richmond, one who has charge in Brook¬ 
lyn, one who has charge in the Bronx and 
one who has charge in Queens. 

They control and manage the parks in 
their respective boroughs and also have 
control of streets for a distance of 350 feet 
fiom any park, in so far as the surface, 
grading, lighting, fountains, statues, etc., 
are concerned. 

They make the rules for the governance 
of parks, subject to the approval of the 
Board of Aldermen, which gives them the 
effect of ordinances. They have control of 
all employes in parks, including Policemen, 
but cannot inflict discipline on Policemen. 

The Commissioner in Manhattan and 
Richmond is charged with maintaining the 
Metropolitan Museum of Art, Museum of 
Natural History, the Aquarium, and such 
buildings. 

In Brooklyn and Queens the Commis¬ 
sioners MAY maintain by contract the 
Brooklyn Institute of Arts and Sciences. 
The Commissioner for the Bronx MAY 
maintain by contract with the New York 
Zoological Society a zoological garden, 
and a botanical garden by contract with the 
New York Botanical Society, but these con¬ 
tracts must be approved by the Sinking 
Fund Commissioners. 

Ques. 80:—What are the duties of the 
Municipal Civil Service Commission, of 
whom does this body consist, and how do 
its members come into office? 

ANS.:—It is the duty of the Municipal 
Civil Service Commission to administer and 
enforce the Civil Service Law in local New 
York City affairs. The Commission decides 
what positions shall be subject to competi¬ 
tive examination, unless already provided 
for by law, and makes rules for the admin¬ 
istration of the civil service under general 
powers conferred by law. The Commission 
must certify as to the correctness of every 
salary roll before the Comptroller can pay 
it. It holds examinations for all positions 
in the competitive class, establishes eligi¬ 
ble lists of those who pass, and when a 
department head wishes to make an appoint¬ 
ment the Civil Service Commission submits 
to him a list from which he must make his 
appointment. They also hold examinations 
for promotion. 

The Commission consists of a President 
and two Commissioners, not more than two 
of whom shall be of one political party. 
They are appointed by the Mayor. 

i * 

Ques. 81:—Who compose the Art Com¬ 
mission, what are the duties of its members, 
and how do they come into office? 

ANS.:—The Art Commission must ap¬ 
prove all works of art before they shall be 
accepted by the City. 

The Commission consists of the Mayor, 
the President of the Metropolitan Museum 
of Art, President of the New York Public 
Library and President of the Brooklyn In¬ 
stitute of Arts and Sciences, and one paint- 


89 


er, one sculptor and one architect. These 
last three persons must be residents of New 
York, but need not be members of any art 
or profession. These three are appointed 
by the Mayor. The others are members by 
specification in the law creating the Com¬ 
mission. 

Ques. 82:—Wh&t are the duties and pow¬ 
ers of the head of the Fire Department, and 
how does he come into office? 

ANS.:—The head of the Fire Department 
is a Commissioner, appointed by the Mayor. 

The Fire Commissioner has charge of the 
protection of the City against fire, in the 
discharge of which duty the law gives him 
extraordinary powers. 

It is his duty to extinguish fires, to pre¬ 
vent fires and to investigate the origin of 
fires. 

He new enjoys all the powers formerly 
conferred on the Municipal Explosives 
Commission, and makes rules for the stor¬ 
age, sale, transportation and use of com¬ 
bustibles, chemicals and explosives. These 
rules have the force of City ordinances, and 
violations are a misdemeanor. 

He has power to order any building (with 
certain exceptions, due to the conflicting 
jurisdiction of other departments) to be 
equipped with fire appliances and to take 
measures to reduce fire hazards. He can 
order unsafe buildings, vessels, etc., to be 
vacated, or he can destroy them if they are 
a fire menace. 

Ques. 83:—Enumerate the titles of the 
principal heads of bureaus or divisions in 
the Fire Dept., outside of the Uniformed 
Force. 

ANS.:—The administrative force consists 
of the Commissioner, two Deputy Commis¬ 
sioners and their Staffs. One Deputy Com¬ 
missioner is in charge of Brooklyn and 
Queens, and one conducts trials. 

The Fire Prevention Bureau is in charge 
of a Chief of Fire Prevention. 

The Division of Fire Prevention Inspec¬ 
tion is in charge of a Chief Inspector of 
Fire Prevention. 

The Division of Combustibles is in charge 
of an Inspector of Combustibles. 

The Division of Fire Marshal is in charge 
of a Fire Marshal. 

The Fire Alarm Telegraph Bureau is in 
charge of an Electrical Engineer. 

The Repair Shops are in charge of a Chief 
of Construction and Repairs to Apparatus. 

The Hospital and Training Stables are in 
charge of an Examiner of Accounts. 

The Bureau of Repairs and Supplies is in 
charge of a Chief of Bureau. 

The Division of Accounts and Audits is in 
charge of a Clerk. 

Ques. 84:—Give a rough idea of how the 
Fire Department is organized and what is 
the function of each of its bureaus or divi¬ 
sions. 

ANS.:—The Department is organized by 
law into two separate Bureaus. One is the 
Bureau of Fire Extinguishment, and the 
other is the Bureau of Fire Prevention. 


Both are under the Administrative division 
—the Commissioner and his Deputies. 

The Bureau of Fire Extinguishment con¬ 
sists of the uniformed force. 

The Bureau of Fire Prevention consists 
of the Division of Fire Prevention Inspec¬ 
tion, Division of Combustibles and Division 
of Fire Marshal. 

Other divisions are: Bureau of Fire Alarm 
Telegraph, Bureau of Repairs and Supplies, 
Repairs Shops, Hospital and Training Sta¬ 
bles and Division of Accounts and Audits. 

The duties of the Bureau of Fire Extin¬ 
guishment are to extinguish fires. 

The duty of the Bureau of Fire Preven¬ 
tion is to prevent fires. 

The Division of Fire Prevention Inspec¬ 
tion inspects buildings to ascertain whether 
they are properly equipped with fire appli¬ 
ances and to see whether proper precaution 
is taken against fire hazards. 

The Division of Fire Marshal investigates 
the origin of fires, particularly for incendi¬ 
arism. 

The Division of Combustibles issues per¬ 
mits for the sale, storage, transportation, 
etc., of combustibles. 

The Fire Alarm Telegraph Bureau re¬ 
ceives alarms of fire and transmits them to 
the companies. 

The Bureau of Repairs and Supplies has 
charge of supplies and attends to repairs to 
buildings, etc., but not to fire apparatus. 

The Repair shops construct and repair 
fire apparatus. 

The Division of Audits and Accounts at¬ 
tends to the bookkeeping of the Depart¬ 
ment. 

The Hospital and Training Stables are for 
sick horses and for breaking in raw horses 
to fit them for fire duty. 

Ques. 85:—Give all of the ranks and 
grades in the uniformed force of the Fire 
Dept. 

ANS.:—Chief of the Bureau of Fire Ex¬ 
tinguishment (usually known as the Chief 
of Dept., but this title is technically incor¬ 
rect since the establishment of the Bureau 
of Fire Prevention). 

Deputy Chief in Charge of Brooklyn. 

Deputy Chief in Charge of Marine Divi¬ 
sion. 

Deputy Chief. Chief of Construction and 
Repairs. Battalion Chief. Captain. Lieu¬ 
tenant. Engineer of Steamer. Firemen of 
the 1st, 2d, 3d and 4th grades, and Proba¬ 
tionary Firemen. Marine Engineers. Pilots. 

There is also one Medical Officer and 
there are two Veterinarians who rank as 
Deputy Chiefs, and there are Chaplains 
who rank as Battalion Chiefs. 

There is also a title known as “Honor¬ 
ary Officer,” which is occasionally conferred 
upon civilians who are interested in the 
welfare of the Department. 

Ques. 86:—In what ways is the Police 
Dept, required to co-operate with the Fire 
Dept.? 

ANS.:—The Police Dept, is required to 
co-operate with the Fire Dept, by keeping 
fire escapes clear, preventing the unlawful 


90 


use of explosives, assisting in the investiga¬ 
tion of incendiarism, forming fire lines at 
fires, preventing the obstruction of fire hy¬ 
drants, etc. 

Ques. 87:—What are the duties of City 
Marshals, how do they come into office, and 
to what department of the City government 
are they attached? 

ANS.:—City Marshals are Civil Officers, 
who serve dispossess notices, etc. If a 
person fails to pay his rent, the landlord 
obtains a dispossess notice. This is given 
to a City Marshal to serve, for which serv¬ 
ice he receives a fee. City Marshals are at¬ 
tached to the Mayor’s Office. They are ap¬ 
pointed by the Mayor for a term of ten 
years. 

Ques. 88:—What officials constitute the 
Board of Armories, and what are their du¬ 
ties? 

ANS.:—The Board of Armories of the 
City of New York consists of the President 
of the Board of Aldermen, who is President 
of the Armory Board; the Mayor, the Pres¬ 
ident of the Dept, of Taxes and Brigadier 
General of each of the Brigades in New 
York City. They have duties in relation to 
the construction, repair and maintenance of 
armories in the City, but their control is 
limited by the provisions of the Military 
Code of the State of New York. 

Ques. 89:—Who is the Commander-in- 
Chief of the militia in the armories in the 
City of New York? 

ANS.:—The Governor. 

Ques. 90:—How is the Public Service 
Commission composed, how are its mem¬ 
bers appointed, and what are the duties of 
the Commission? . . 

ANS.:—The Public Service Commission 
is divided into two districts. Greater New 
York is the 1st District, and the rest of the 
State constitutes the 2d District. Each Dis¬ 
trict has five Commissioners, who are ap¬ 
pointed by the Governor. . 

The duties of the Public Service Com¬ 
mission are to regulate public transporta¬ 
tion companies—railroads, street car com¬ 
panies, gas, electric, telephone companies, 
etc They can compel railroads to adopt 
certain kinds of cars, direct the number of 
cars that shall be kept in service, how fre¬ 
quently cars shall be run, etc. They can 
compel telephone, electric light companies, 
etc to charge reasonable rates. They can 
compel public utilities corporations to con¬ 
duct them in a manner to benefit the pub¬ 
lic. 


Ques. 92:—What are the duties and pow¬ 
ers of the Department of Licenses, what 
official or officials are the head of it, and 
how does he or do they come into office? 

ANS.:—The Department of Licenses was 
recently created and made to include what 
was formerly known as the Mayor’s Bureau 
of Licenses and the office of the Commis¬ 
sioner of Licenses. The Mayor’s Bureau 
formerly issued licenses to junkmen, ped¬ 
dlers, auctioneers, etc., while the Commis¬ 
sioner of Licenses had charge of the en¬ 
forcement of the Employment Agency Law. 
Now the powers of both Bureaus are con¬ 
solidated into the Department of Licenses, 
which enjoys all the powers formerly pos¬ 
sessed by the two Bureaus. 

The Department of Licenses has control 
of the granting, transferring, renewing, re¬ 
voking, suspending and cancelling of li¬ 
censes to conduct occupations requiring li¬ 
censes under the Ordinances of the City of 
New York and also the enforcement of the 
Employment Agency Law and Dance Hall 
law, which are State laws. It also has the 
power formerly enjoyed by the Police Com¬ 
missioner in relation to theatres and con¬ 
certs. 

The head is a Commissioner of Licenses 
appointed by the Mayor. 

Ques. 93:—State, in a general way, what 
kinds of business require licensing, and give 
your opinion why. 

ANS.:—In a general way, the kinds of 
business requiring licensing are where the 
proprietors deal with the public, and the ob¬ 
ject of licensing them is to see that only fit 
people are permitted to engage in those 
businesses. If there would be no supervi¬ 
sion over a dance hall, for example, the pro¬ 
prietor might conduct it in a disorderly 
manner. An employment agency proprie¬ 
tor might swindle the people who register 
to obtain positions. By requiring them to 
secure licenses, they must submit to in¬ 
vestigation before they receive the license, 
and the public has an opportunity to object 
to a license being granted. If they do not 
conduct their businesses properly after re¬ 
ceiving a license they can be punished and 
their licenses taken away. 

Ques. 94:—Name a number of businesses 
that require licensing. 

ANS.:—Billiard and Pool Rooms, Bowl¬ 
ing Alleys, Dealers in Second-Hand Arti¬ 
cles, Dirt Carts, Expressmen. Hacks and 
Taxicabsmen, Peddlers, Public Cartmen, 
Shooting Galleries, Weighers of Hay, Pawn¬ 
brokers, Dance Halls, Employment Agen¬ 
cies and Theatres. * 


Ques. 91:—What are the duties of the 
members of the Board of City Record, and 
what officials constitute its members? 

A NS :—Their duties are to supervise the 
publication of official news in the City s offi¬ 
cial publication, which is a daily newspaper 
known as “The City Record. The mem¬ 
bers of the Board of City Record are the 
Mayor, the Corporation Counsel and the 
Comptroller. 


Ques. 95:—What duties and powers have 
the Board of Education, who constitute the 
members of the Board, and how do they 
come into office? 

ANS.:—It is the duty of the Board of 
Education to carry out the laws providing 
for free education in the public schools. 
They must see that children of school age 
go to school, they must provide courses of 
instruction for all the schools, see that 


91 


there is accommodation for all children who 
should attend school, provide proper teach¬ 
ers, etc. The school buildings and the mon¬ 
ey, with which to employ teachers, etc., are 
provided by the City, and the Board of 
Education is appointed to see that laws pro¬ 
viding for free education are carried out. 
All children of school age must attend a 
certain number of years, so that they will 
not grow up in ignorance. 

The Board consists of 46 members, a cer¬ 
tain number of which are selected from each 
Borough. The members of the Board of 
Education are appointed by the Mayor for 
a term of five years. The head of the Board 
is a President, who is chosen by the mem¬ 
bers. 

Ques. 96:—What is the Local School 
Board? 

ANS.:—There are 46 Local School 
Boards. Each consists of a member of the 
Board of Education, the District Supt. of 
Schools of that district and five persons, 
appointed by the President of the Borough 
in which they are located. The duty of 
these Boards is to maintain discipline. 

Ques. 97:—What is the function of the 
Department of Charities, what official or 
officials are at the head, and how does he 
or do they come into office? 

ANS.:—The Department of Charities has 
charge of City institutions for the care of 
poor and indigent persons and vagrants. The 
Department does not give out-door relief, 
except in the case of the blind adults. All 
bastardy proceedings are brought by the 
City in the name of the Department of 
Charities, and the Department has power to 
compromise bastardy and abandonment pro¬ 
ceedings. The Department has charge of 
the City Morgues. 

The head of the Department is a Commis- 
sioner, appointed by the Mayor. 

Ques. 98:—What is meant by “Bellevue 
and Allied Hospitals”? Are they under the 
jurisdiction of the Charities Department? 

ANS.:—“Bellevue and Allied Hospitals” 
are not under the jurisdiction of the Chari¬ 
ties Department, although the Commission¬ 
er of Charities is ex-officio a member of the 
Board of Trustees which has these hospitals 
in charge. There are seven Trustees. They 
are appointed by the Mayor from names 
submitted to him by the United Hebrew 
Charities Society (Hebrew), the Society of 
St. Vincent de Paul (Catholic) and the As¬ 
sociation for the Improvement of the Poor 
(Unsectarian). 

Ques. 99:—What is meant by the state¬ 
ment that the Commissioner of Charities is 
“ex-Officio” a member of the Board of 
Trustees of Bellevue and Allied Hospitals? 

ANS.:—“Ex-Officio” means by virtue of 
office. When a person is “Ex-Officio” a 
member of a body it means that he has by 
law or otherwise the right to membership 
because of some important position he 
holds, and that he does not require to be 
appointed. 


Ques. 100:—What is the “Potter’s Field ” 
and what department is in charge of it? 

ANS.:—The Potter’s Field is a burial 
ground provided by the City for unknown 
and unclaimed dead or dead persons for 
whose burial no one offers to pay. It is in 
charge of the Commissioner of Correction. 

Ques. 101:—What is meant by a “Fran¬ 
chise”? 

ANS.:—A Franchise is a privilege given 
by the City to a private party to operate a 
railroad company, a bridge or other public 
utility. 

Ques. 102:—How many classes of cities 
are there in New York State? What is 
meant by a “city of the first class”? 

ANS.:—There are three classes of cities, 
first, second and third class. A city of the 
first class is one having a population of 
250,000 or over. Cities of the second class 
have a population of 50,000 up to 250,000. 
Cities of the third class have a population 
under 50,000. 

Ques. 103:—What do you suppose is the 
object of dividing cities into these different 
classes? 

ANS.:—The Legislature may wish to pass 
a law that would be suitable for large cities 
but not for small ones. They can pass laws 
for all cities of the first class, second class, 
etc., by a single act. If there were not 
such a classification they would either have 
to have the same laws for all cities, large 
and small, or else would have to pass a sep¬ 
arate law for each city. 

Ques. 104:—What is the Charter of the 
City of New York? 

ANS.:—It is a grant or body of laws 
passed by the Legislature defining the pow¬ 
ers of the City, the limits within which it 
may pass laws, the extent to which it may 
contract indebtedness, etc. It is a permis¬ 
sion from the State to the City to exist 
as a corporation and the conditions under 
which it may govern itself. Charters must 
be approved by the Mayors of the Cities 
to which they relate, or if the Mayor vetoes 
a Charter it can become law only by the 
Legislature passing it again over his veto. 

Ques. 105:—What Boroughs and Counties 
are comprised within the City of New York? 

ANS.:—There are five Boroughs and five 
Counties, as follows: New York, Kings, 
Queens, Bronx and Richmond Counties. 
Manhattan, Brooklyn, Bronx and Richmond 
Boroughs. 

Ques. 106:—What is the difference be¬ 
tween a County and a Borough, and what is 
the object of having both in the City of New 
York? 

ANS.:—For convenience of government, 
the State of New York is divided into Coun¬ 
ties, each County having jurisdiction, in so 
far as local affairs are concerned, over the 
cities, towns and villages in that County. 

New York City being very large, became 
a County by itself. The City of Brooklyn 
was also practically a County—Kings Coun- 


ty. At the time of Consolidation when the 
present “Greater New York” was created, 
New York City (Manhattan Island and the 
Bronx section), the City of Brooklyn, 
Queens. County and Richmond County were 
joined into one city. This resulted in the 
City of New York including four counties. 
Two years ago the Legislature created a 
County of Bronx Borough, making the fifth 
County. 

In order to enable New York, Brooklyn, 
Queens and Richmond to preserve as far 
as possible their individual governments, 
five boroughs were created at the time of 
Consolidation as a matter of local conveni¬ 
ence. 

Counties are a State division, while Bor¬ 
oughs are a local division. New York City 
is the only city in the State that is divided 
into Boroughs and.it is also the only city 
that includes within its boundaries more 
than one county. 

Ques. 107:—Of what do County officers 
have charge, and of what Borough officers? 
Give examples of the powers and duties of 
two County officers, one Borough officer 
and one City official who is not a Borough 
officer. 

ANS.:—The Register is a County official. 
His duties are to keep records of all trans¬ 
fers of real estate, mortgages and transac¬ 
tions affecting the titles to real estate. The 
District Attorney is a County Officer. He 
prosecutes all crimes in the name of the 
State. The President of Manhattan is a 
Borough official. He has charge of street 
paving, etc., and is custodian of the City 
buildings in his borough. The Corporation 
Counsel is the head of the legal department 
of the City. He is not a Borough official, 
but is under the jurisdiction of the Exec¬ 
utive Department—the Mayor. He prose¬ 
cutes violations of local ordinances and is 
the legal adviser of the City. 

Ques. 108:—Who pays the salaries of 
County officials, the City, the County or the 
State? 

ANS.:—In counties outside of Greater 
New York, the Counties pay the salaries 
of their officials. In New York City, the 
City pays the salaries of all the County offi¬ 
cials included in the City. 

Ques. 10854:—Is the Department of Edu¬ 
cation of the City of New York a City, a 
County or a State department? 

ANS.:—The Department of Education of 
the City of New York is a separate corpora¬ 
tion, created by act of the Legislature and 
is under the supervision of the State Super¬ 
intendent of Education so far as matters 
relating to education, rules, etc., are con¬ 
cerned. It is under the supervision, of the 
City in matters of finance and appointment 
of the members of the Board of Education. 
The City provides the funds for the erec¬ 
tion and maintenance of the schools, school 
books, salaries of Teachers, Janitors, etc. 

The Mayor appoints the members of the 
Board of Education. 

The Department of Education of the 


City of New York is therefore an independ¬ 
ent corporation and partly under the juris¬ 
diction of the City and partly under the 
jurisdiction of the State. 

Ques. 109:—What City official keeps the 
records of the Board of Aldermen? 

ANS.:—The City Clerk. 

Ques. 110:—If you desired to obtain in¬ 
formation regarding any City ordinance, 
what official would be the proper one to go 
to? 

ANS.:—The City Clerk. He is the official 
custodian of the ordinances of the City. 

Ques. Ill:—What official is the legal in¬ 
terpreter of City ordinances? 

ANS.:—The Corporation Counsel. 

Ques. 112:—Suppose that the Corporation 
Counsel decides that an ordinance is con¬ 
stitutional and the Supreme Court decides 
that it is not constitutional, whose decision 
would prevail? 

ANS.:—The Corporation Counsel cannot 
render decisions; he can render only opin¬ 
ions. These opinions do not have the force 
of a court decision, although they are fre¬ 
quently accepted, and if not contested in 
the courts may be adopted, and the law is 
interpreted accordingly. 

Ques. 113:—What effect on the operation 
of law, if any, does an opinion by the Dis¬ 
trict Attorney have? 

ANS.:—The District Attorney does not 
render opinions. He is an officer whose 
duty it is to prosecute persons who commit 
crimes against the State. 

Ques. 114:—What officials fix the salaries 
of City employes? 

ANS.:—The Board of Aldermen, with the 
approval of the Board of Estimate. The 
Legislature, however, also frequently fixes 
the salaries of City employes, especially of 
the higher officials. The salaries of Police¬ 
men and Firemen are fixed by the Legisla¬ 
ture by special acts. The local authorities, 
under general powers conferred on them 
by the Charter, can increase such salaries, 
except in the case of elective officials, but 
cannot reduce them. 

Ques. 115:—What are Commissioners of 
Deeds? Who appoints them? 

ANS.:—A Commissioner of Deeds is a 
person who has powers similar to a Notary 
Public, but whose jurisdiction is limited to 
the City of New York. A Notary Public is a 
State officer and can act in any County of 
the State. 

A Commissioner *of Deeds has the power 
to acknowledge affidavits, certify to signa¬ 
tures on documents, etc. If a person 
swears to the truth of a written statement 
and signs it in the presence of a Commis¬ 
sioner of Deeds or a Notary Public, and 
that official signs it and stamps it with his 
seal, such document is accepted in the 
courts as evidence, without further wit¬ 
nesses or proof. A Commissioner of Deeds 
or Notary Public is an official witness to a 
sworn, written statement. 


Commissioners of Deeds are appointed 
by the Board of Aldermen. Notaries Pub¬ 
lic are appointed by the Governor. 

Ques. 116:—Why does the Legislature fix 
some salaries, such as the salaries of Police 
and Firemen, and allow the City authorities 
to fix other salaries? 

ANS.:—When, in the opinion of the Leg¬ 
islature, the City authorities in their desire 
for economy are paying insufficient salaries 
and that this insufficiency results in a low¬ 
ering of the standard of public service so 
that there is danger of improper Police or 
Fire protection, for example, the Legisla¬ 
ture exercises its power and interferes. 
The Legislature also frequently fixes sal¬ 
aries when creating a new City department. 

City authorities often fail to remedy sal¬ 
ary injustices merely because it would be 
expensive to do so. For many years the 
women Teachers received less pay for equal 
work than the men. It cost several million 
dollars to equalize the pay, and as it was 
evident that the City authorities would 
never do it, the Legislature made it com¬ 
pulsory on the City by enacting a law to 
that effect. 

Ques. 117:—Why are some City officials 
elected by the people, while other impor¬ 
tant officials are appointed by the Mayor? 
Give examples of several important officials 
who are elected and several who are ap¬ 
pointed. 

ANS.—The broad ^principle is that of¬ 
ficials who have general jurisdiction, not 
limited to a single department, are elected 
by the people. Examples: The Mayor is in 
general charge of the City government, ex¬ 
cept as limited by special provisions of law. 
The Comptroller is in charge of auditing 
all City expenditures, regardless of depart¬ 
ment. The President of the Board of Al¬ 
dermen is chairman of the City’s legislative 
body. The Borough Presidents are the ex¬ 
ecutive officers of the local affairs of their 
boroughs and somewhat correspond to 
Vice-Mayors. 

Three important officials who are ap¬ 
pointed . by the Mayor are the Commis¬ 
sioner of Health, the Police Commissioner 
and the Fire Commissioner. All three have 
extraordinary powers. The Health Com¬ 
missioner can interfere with almost any¬ 
thing in the interests of public health. The 


Police Commissioner can use a force of 
10,000 armed men to preserve peace and en¬ 
force the laws. The Fire Commissioner 
can enter any building; order its construc¬ 
tion altered, if it is a fire menace, or even 
destroy it. 

The reason these important officials are 
appointed instead of being elected is that 
their jurisdiction is limited to their own 
particular departments, and under our sys¬ 
tem of government the plan is to make the 
Mayor the main executive officer with 
power to appoint heads of departments. 

Another reason why such officials as the 
Health, Police and Fire Commissioners are 
not elected is to avoid politics in those de¬ 
partments. If the Police Commissioner, for 
example, were to be elected he might be 
tempted to solicit the support of gamblers, 
saloonkeepers, keepers of disorderly houses, 
etc., against whom he must enforce the law. 

By centralizing great power in the Mayor 
the responsibility for good government is 
placed on a single individual, and if he fails 
to satisfy the people they can defeat him 
for re-election. Responsibility would be 
too divided if the various department heads 
were to be elected. 

Ques. 118:—Under whose jurisdiction is 
the “Building Department”? 

ANS.:—There does not officially exist a 
Building Department in the City of New 
York. There are Bureaus of Buildings in 
the various boroughs. They are under the 
jurisdiction of the Borough Presidents. 
The Superintendent of Buildings in each 
borough is in immediate charge of the Bu¬ 
reau of Buildings, subject to the supervis¬ 
ion of the Commissioner of Public Works, 
who, in turn, is subject to the orders of the 
Borough President. 

Ques. 119:—Has the Superintendent of* 
Buildings the power to regulate the height 
and construction of buildings? 

ANS.:—No; his duty is to see that build¬ 
ings are constructed in accordance with ex¬ 
isting laws and ordinances. The Board of 
Aldermen has the power to regulate the 
height and construction of buildings, but 
cannot interfere with existing State laws. 
There are State laws which prescribe how 
factories, tenement houses, hotels, etc., 
shall be constructed, what safeguards shall 
be taken against fire, etc. 




94 


ORGANIZATION OF THE POLICE DEPARTMENT 


The un-uniformed branch of the Police 
Force of the City of New York is com¬ 
posed of: 

One Police Commissioner. 

Five Deputy Police Commissioners. 

One Secretary for each of the above offi¬ 
cials. 

One Chief Clerk, subordinate clerks, etc. 

Bookkeeper, subordinate clerks, etc. 

Superintendent of Electrical Service, line¬ 
men, wiremen, etc. 

Property Clerk, subordinate clerks, etc. 

Complaint Clerk, subordinate clerks, etc. 

Mechanics, Hostlers, Cleaners, etc. 

The Uniformed Force is composed of the 
following in order of rank: 

Chief Inspector. 

Borough Inspector. 

Inspectors. 

Surgeons. 

Chaplins. 

Captains. 

Lieutenants. 

Sergeants. 

Patrolmen. 

Doormen. 

Matrons. 

Note:—Captains are the highest rank 
attainable by promotion examination. Cap¬ 
tains may be detailed as Inspectors, but can 
be reduced at the will of the Commissioner. 

The various kinds of duty to which mem¬ 
bers of the uniformed force may be as¬ 
signed are: 

(a) Detective Bureau. 

(b) Harbor Police. 

(c) Traffic Regulation. 

(d) Police Courts. 

(e) Municipal Departments and Offices. 

(f) Mounted Patrol in Precincts. 

(g) Bicycle Patrol in Precincts. 

-(h) Motorcycle duty. 

Duties of the Deputy Commissioners. 

The duties of the five Deputy Commis¬ 
sioners are to assist the Commissioner as 
directed. Their duties are changed so fre¬ 
quently that it is impossible to enumerate 
them. 

Secretary. 

1. Reports directly to the Police Com¬ 
missioner. 

2. The status of the Secretary to the 
Commissioner is that a confidential staff 
officer. He reports directly to the Com¬ 
missioner himself and takes instructions 
from him only. He is authorized and ex¬ 
pected to make recommendations to the 
Commissioner on all points connected with 
the Police Department, both of policy and 
administration. He is authorized to act 
as the personal representative of the Com¬ 
missioner in interviews with all callers at 
the office, and transact such business with 
them as may be possible, the object being 
to bring to the attention of the Commis¬ 
sioner only such matters of importance as 


require the Commissioner’s personal atten¬ 
tion. 

3. Any memorandum or order stating that 
the directions therein contained are by 
order of the Commissioner, and signed by 
the Secretary to the Commissioner, will be 
obeyed as an order from the Commissioner. 
Any official of the department or member 
of the force who receives such an order 
and doubts its propriety or legality will 
first obey the order and then bring the 
matter to the personal attention of the 
Commissioner at the earliest opportunity. 

Chief Clerk, Clerks, Etc. 

1. Chief Clerk reports directly to the Po¬ 
lice Commissioner and keeps and is re¬ 
sponsible for: 

Record and Filing Bureau. 

Alphabetical Force Record. 

Precinct Force Record. 

Numerical Shield Record. 

Oath Book. 

Blotter of Changes in Force. 

Time Book. 

Record of Violations of Corporation 
Ordinances. 

Records of Witnesses in House of Deten¬ 
tion. 

Record of Grades. 

Minute Books. 

Record of Miscellaneous Statistics. 

Files of Proceedings of Police Commis¬ 
sioner. 

Files of Opinions of Corporation Coun¬ 
sel. 

Appointment Papers of Members of the 
Force. 

Record of Commendation. 

Record of Honorable Mention. 

Record of Honorable Mention with 
Medal. 

Record of Leases. 

Custody and Distribution of Shields to 
Members of the Force. 

Custody of Distribution of Manuals to 
Members of the Force. 

Preparation of all Contracts and Speci¬ 
fications under the direction of the Third 
Deputy Police Commissioner. 

Preparation of Warrants of Appointment. 

Preparation of Annual Budget, under the 
direction of the Police Commissioner and 
with the Assistance of the Bookkeeper. 

Preparation of Quarterly and Annual Re¬ 
ports, under the direction of the Police 
Commission. 4 

Preparation of necessary papers for trans¬ 
mission of proceedings of Police Commis¬ 
sioner. 

Examination and certification of Payrolls. 

License Bureau. 

NOTE:—This Bureau has no official con¬ 
nection with the Department of Licenses. 
It is merely a Bureau in the Police Depart¬ 
ment which looks after license violations 
that come to its notice. 


95 



Under direct supervision of the Third 
Deputy Commissioner and in immediate 
charge of the Bookkeeper. 

The following licenses are obtained from 
the Bureau of Licenses, City Hall: 

Public cartmen. 

Truckmen. 

Public cabmen. 

Expressmen. 

Drivers of licensed vehicles. 

Junk dealers. 

Pawnshops. 

Second-hand dealers. 

Hawkers. 

Peddlers. 

Venders. 

Ticket speculators. 

Coal scalpers. 

Stands under elevated railroad station. 
Common shows. 

Shooting galleries. 

Bowling alleys. 

Billiard and pool tables. 

Dirt carts. 

Exterior hoists. 

Stands within stoop lines. 

Soda water stands. 

Bootblack stands. 

Fruit stands. 

Push-carts. 

Gutter-bridges. 

Hand-organs. 

Put up and take down clothes-lines. 
From City Clerk: 

Auctioneers. 

From Society for the*Prevention of Cruelty 
to Animals: 

All dogs to be licensed. 

From United States Government: 

U. S. licenses to sell “oleomargarine.” 
From State Board of Licenses: 

Sailors’ boarding houses. 

Sailors’ boarding house runners. 

From State Board of Excise: 

All places where liquors are sold. 

From Commissioner of Licenses: 
Intelligence offices. 

(Permits are required for the following 
privileges): 

From Mayor and Board of Aldermen: 

To hold religious meetings in street or 
public place. 

From Mayor: 

To hold auctions at night. 

From Mayor and Fire Department: 

To use any calcium. Drummond or other 
dazzling light. 

From Police Department: 

Parades and processions in general. 

To carry a pistol. 

To play any music on the street. 

Hotel runners. 

Steamboat runners. 

Masquerade balls and parties. 

The following require licenses: 

From the Board of Aldermen: 

To drive an advertising wagon through 
the street. 

Parades and processions for advertising 
purposes. 

From Fire Department: 

All places where combustibles are sold. 
To set off fireworks in the street. 


From Department of Health: 

To conduct a lodging house. 

From Department of Water Supply, Gas 

and Electricity: 

To open or use any single-nozzle fire 
hydrant. 

From Department of Water Supply, Gas 

and Electricity and Department of Public 

Works: 

To open or use any double-nozzle fire 
hydrant. 

From Park Department: 

To plant or cut down a tree. 

From President of the Borough: 

To erect a bridge or roof over the side¬ 
walk. 

To erect storm doors. 

To build a bay window. 

To erect awning posts. 

To open any street pavement or side¬ 
walk. 

To place any building material in the 
street. 

To close up a street or sidewalk. 

To dump anything on any highway or 
city property. 

To remove any stone or dirt from any 
highway. 

To build a vault or cistern under the 
sidewalk. 

From Board of Education: 

Newsboys under 14 years of age. 

Complaint Clerk. 

1. Under immediate direction of a Dep¬ 
uty Police Commissioner. 

2. Keeps the official, legal and judicial 
records of all members of the Force, and 
prepares and causes to be served all copies 
of complaints made against them. 

3. Keeps a record of such complaints. 

4. Causes all witnesses to be subpoenaed. 

5. Attends all trials. 

6. Prepares all trial calendars. 

7. Keeps record of judgment and punish¬ 
ments on all members of the Force. 

8. Furnishes to Commissioner, Deputy 
Commissioners and Chief Clerk copies of 
official, legal and judicial records of mem¬ 
bers of the Force. 

9. Reports all Police trials. 

10. Prepares all return to writs of cer¬ 
tiorari. 

11. Takes affidavits and draws charges 
when citizens are complainants. 

12. No communication will be held with 
any member of the Com-plaint Clerk’s office 
by any member of the Force unless prop¬ 
erly authorized and through “official chan¬ 
nels.” 

Bureau of Repairs and Supplies. 

1. Under the personal supervision of a 
Deputy Police Commissioner and in the 
immediate charge of an Inspector or Quar¬ 
termaster. Consists of three divisions: 

Division of Supplies. 

Division of Repairs. 

Division of Horses and Equipments. 

2. The Inspector or Quartermaster in 
charge of the Bureau will exercise super¬ 
vision and be responsible for the work of 
the entire Bureau. 


96 


3. Rigid observance of the rules for 
“Requisitions and Supplies” will be re¬ 
quired by the Inspector or Quartermaster 
in charge of the Bureau of Repairs and 
Supplies on the part of every person con¬ 
nected with the Police Department or do¬ 
ing business therewith. He will be held 
personally responsible that no laxity, care¬ 
lessness or forgetfulness occurs in connec¬ 
tion with the work of his Bureau. The ut¬ 
most care and the utmost alertness will be 
not only required, but enforced by him. 
Any failure herein must be made the sub¬ 
ject of instant charges before the Police 
Commissioner. 

NOTE:—The Bureau is at present under 
the supervision of the First Deputy Com¬ 
missioner. 

Police Property Accountability. 

1. It is strictly enjoined upon all em¬ 
ployees of the Police Department and upon 
all members of the Force to be careful in 
the use of all City property, whether fixed 
or movable. Roughness or carelessness is 
not to be tolerated and will be made the 
subject of written charges by Command¬ 
ing Officers who will be held responsible 
for the execution of this rule. 

2. Commanding Officers will give per¬ 
sonal care and attention to the City prop¬ 
erty in their charge. They will carefully 
verify receipts and personally supervise the 
neatness and accuracy of their property re¬ 
turns. 

3. Reports on damaged, worn out or un¬ 
serviceable property will be in detail so 
that inspection by higher authority may be 
able to locate the blame for waste or care¬ 
lessness. Such property will be kept in an 
orderly manner so as to be easily inspected 
with a view to its removal or other dis¬ 
posal. 

4. No City property will be thrown away, 
sold, broken up or otherwise disposed of 
without the authority of the Police Com¬ 
missioner. 

5. Commanding Officers will on the 1st 
of January and July make and forward to 
Police Headquarters inventories of all fixed 
and movable furniture and property for 
which they are responsible, stating condi¬ 
tion, whether repairable or not, and if so, 
approximate cost. 

6. This inventory will show in detail all 


supplies received during the six months and 
all supplies taken away either by condem¬ 
nation, transfer, authorized expenditure, 
etc., and will show exactly in detail all sup¬ 
plies with which the Commanding Officer 
is charged and for which he is responsible. 

7. No repairs will be ordered nor any 
financial obligation of any kind incurred 
without written authority of the Police 
Commissioner. 

Bureau of Information. 

Under the supervision of a Deputy Police 
Commissioner, and in direct charge of the 
Chief Inspector. 

1. The following records are kept and 
work done by this Bureau: 

Arrests, all Boroughs. 

Convictions, all Boroughs. 

Accidents, all Boroughs. 

Lost children, all Boroughs. 

Unknown persons, all Boroughs. 

Foundlings, all Boroughs. 

Missing persons, all Boroughs, and cases 
reported from other cities. 

Bodies at Morgue, all Boroughs. 

Letters for investigation from the office 
of Police Commissioner and answers to 
same.. 

Distribution of Department mail in the 
Boroughs of Manhattan, The Bronx and 
Richmond. 

Record of Parade Permits issued for the 
Boroughs of Manhattan, The Bronx and 
Richmond. 

Owners of automobiles for New Jersey. 

Chauffeurs of New York and New Jersey. 

Translations of letters written in foreign 
languages. 

2. The Bureau of Information receives all 
messages and alarms relating to missing 
persons and writes same in triplicate (car¬ 
bon), files original in the Bureau of Infor¬ 
mation, sends one copy at once to the De¬ 
tective Bureau and delivers the other to the 
Department Printer. 

3. A Branch Bureau of Information is 
maintained at Brooklyn Headquarters, 
which does the same work and keeps the 
same records as above for Brooklyn and 
Queens. 

4. The Brooklyn Branch forwards to Po¬ 
lice Headquarters all information of its 
work needed for the general Police sta¬ 
tistics of the entire City. 


4 


97 


POLICE MATRON—ANSWERS TO PAST EXAMIN 

ATION QUESTIONS. 


Municipal Civil Service Com’n. 

POLICE MATRON. 

I 

Date: July 7, 1914. 

DUTIES—Weight 8. 

(To be finished by 2 P. M.) 

Ques. 1:—What five qualifications do you 
consider it is most important for a Police 
Matron to possess? Give your reasons in 
full in each case. 

ANS.:—Good moral character; health 
and strength; tact and firmness; intelli¬ 
gence; obedience to superior officers. 

Moral character is essential in one in 
charge of persons accused of crime. 

Health and strength are required to en¬ 
able the Matron to cope with prisoners who 
might become unruly and to enable her to 
properly perform her duties. 

Tact and firmness are needful, because 
the successful handling of prisoners de¬ 
pends a good deal upon using good judg¬ 
ment, coupled with the ability to control 
them. 

Intelligence is necessary, because through 
the possession of it the Matron will be 
able to perform her duties more efficiently, 
and often may be able to assist the ends 
of justice. 

Obedience is essential to discipline in a 
semi-military organization like the Police 
Force. 

Ques. 2 :—The rules of the Police Depart¬ 
ment require the Matron to search female 
prisoners. What are the reasons for mak¬ 
ing such a search? How would you dis¬ 
tinguish between property you should take 
and that which you should not? 

ANS.:—The object of making a search of 
prisoners is to remove from their persons 
any object with which they might do injury 
to themselves or to others. The prisoner 
might attack the Matron or another pris¬ 
oner, or attempt to commit suicide. 

The property to be taken from a prisoner 
would be such as it might be dangerous to 
leave in her possession, or which is valu¬ 
able, such as money and jewelry; or which 
would tend to make her disorderly, or in¬ 
jure her health, such as intoxicants or 
drugs. 

Articles which should not be taken would 
be such as would merely add to the pris¬ 
oner’s comfort. 

Ques. 3:—Make a list of articles which 
you think a Police Matron should keep in 
her office, for use as “first aid” in emergen¬ 
cies. State the purpose of each article you 
recommend. 

(NOTE:—A similar question was asked 
in the examination held on June 16, 1909.) 

ANS.:—For fainting: Smelling salts or 
ammonia. 


For Cramp: Ginger or peppermint. 

For Nausea: Salt (to be mixed with luke¬ 
warm water). 

For Chill from Exposure: Hot tea or 
coffee. 

For Heat Prostration: Ice stimulants 
would be desirable, but it is against the 
rules of the Department to have them on 
hand in a station house or for a Police of¬ 
ficer to administer them in the station 
house. But could use a little ammonia in 
water. 

For Headache, Constipation, etc.: Epsom 
salts, Seidlitz powders, castor oil and com¬ 
pound licorice powder for physic. Also a 
stick of menthol for headache. 

For Burns: Oljve oil, carron oil. 

For Scalds: Soda and lime-water. 

For Wounds, Bruises, etc.: Arnica, 
iodine, listerine, witch-hazel, liniment, 
alum, vaseline and a plentiful supply of 
lint. 

For Sore Throat: Listerine, salt, vinegar, 
lemons, spirits of camphor, camphorated oil 
(external). 

For Toothache: Clove oil and cotton. 

For Inflamed Eyes: Powdered borax 
dissolved in water. 

For Rheumatism: Liniment. 

For Poisoning: Eggs and milk as an anti¬ 
dote; mustard and salt as an emetic. 

For Indigestion: Bi-carbonate of soda. 

Ques. 4:—A Police Matron is held re¬ 
sponsible for the safety of prisoners under 
her care and required to report immediately 
to the desk officer any unusual conditions 
that may arise. What would you do in the 
following case: 

A young woman prisoner brought in after 
midnight becomes hysterical and annoys her 
neighbors and disturbs the sleep of the 
patrolmen on reserve. She throws herself 
on the floor and is so violent that it is dan¬ 
gerous to leave her, as she seems likely to 
injure herself. 

ANS.:—Hysteria is a condition of nerv¬ 
ous excitement and in a case where she 
would throw herself on the floor and be¬ 
come violent, medical assistance should be 
summoned. 

I would first approach her in a reassur¬ 
ing way and try to calm her, and offer her 
a glass of water or smelling salts. If un¬ 
able to calm her, I would report to the 
Desk Lieutenant and recommend that he 
send for an ambulance. 

While waiting for the ambulance to ar¬ 
rive I would keep her under close observa¬ 
tion. If she became so violent as to knock 
her head against the walls or floor and 
threaten injury to herself in that way, I 
would ask to have a Patrolman assist me. 
and enter the cell and have her restrained 
from doing herself bodily injury. 

If the woman appeared to be very sensi¬ 
tive and her hysteria was due to mortifica- 


98 



tion or remorse, I would remove her from 
her cell and take her to my room until I 
could get her quieted, having a Patrolman 
remain outside by the door, ready to re¬ 
spond to my call. 

Ques. 5:—Suggest the ways in which the 
duties of women in the Police Department 
might be extended beyond Station House 
Duty, to make their services more valuable 
and useful to the community at large. Ex¬ 
plain your answer in detail and give reasons 
to justify the suggestions you make. 

ANS.:—The services of Police Matrons 
could be extended to advantage in the fol¬ 
lowing ways: 

(1) By detailing them to duty at moving 
picture, theatres, dance halls, etc., for the 
protection of young women and children. 
Reason: Because at many picture theatres 
children are admitted when not accom¬ 
panied by parents or guardian's. If not 
under proper guardianship, they are liable 
to form bad associations and develop bad 
habits, especially due to the incentive of 
thrilling pictures. Young girls at picture 
theatres are liable to respond to flirtation 
overtures on the part of designing men or 
boys of bad tendencies. Young girls in 
dance halls are especially subject to temp¬ 
tation. 

(2) By having them do duty in the streets 
to protect women from “mashers” and to 
influence women who solicit in the streets 
to reform. A clever Policewoman, in citi¬ 
zen attire, could trap “mashers” and have 
them punished. Reason: Because a woman 
better understands conditions relating to 
her own sex than a man. 

(3) To do detective work to trap for¬ 
tune tellers, quack doctors, healers, white 
slavers, etc. Reason: Because in many 
cases a man would not be suitable for the 
work. Good work has already been done 
along these lines by Matrons assigned to 
the Detective Bureau. 

(4) By having them patrol districts 
where children play truancy from school. 
There is very little co-operation at present 
between the Police Department and the 
Board of Education . to suppress truancy. 
As truants spend their time mostly on the 
streets, the Policewomen during school 
hours could question all children of school 
age found on the streets and report them 
to the Board of Education. 

Oues. 6:—A woman prisoner charged 
with assault appears to be asleep in her 
cell. When the time arrives to take her to 
court she cannot be aroused, and it seems 
probable that she has taken an overdose 
of some drug which the Matron failed to 
find when she searched the prisoner. What 
should the Matron do, remembering that 
it is a crime to have such harmful drugs in 
one’s possession? 

ANS.:—Report all the facts to the Desk 
Lieutenant, who will send for an ambu¬ 
lance. 

(Note:—That is all the duty the Matron 
has in the matter. The prisoner would be 
taken to a hospital for treatment. There 

99 


the cause of her stupor would be ascer¬ 
tained. An officer would accompany her to 
the hospital and another search would be 
made of her clothing. If it were found 
that.she had administered to herself a drug 
forbidden by law, a charge of violating the 
Boylan anti-drug law would be preferred 
against her. Probably the Matron would 
not even be called on to prefer the charge. 
More likely the Officer sent to the hospital 
to watch her would be required to make the 
charge upon being informed by the physi¬ 
cian that the prisoner had taken a drug. 
From the foregoing, it will be seen that 
the question is improperly put, the Matron 
having practically only one duty, namely, 
to advise sending for an ambulance.) 

Ques. 7:—Name what you consider to be 
the four most important duties of a Police 
Matron, and explain how each of those you 
mention requires the exercise of judgment 
and discrimination. Illustrate. 

ANS.:—(1) Obey all of the rules of the 
Police Department, and orders of my su¬ 
periors. (NOTE:—It seems foolish to be 
asked to state wherein this requires judg¬ 
ment and discrimination, or to illustrate it.) 

(2) Take care of all prisoners placed in 
my charge. As each prisoner to some ex¬ 
tent requires different handling, judgment 
is required; also in the matter of deciding 
what two prisoners to place together when 
necessary to “double-up”; for example, a 
shoplifter and a disorderly woman should 
not be placed together. 

(3) Make the rounds of the cells at least 
once every half hour. Judgment is required 
in the case of a prisoner who requires 
watching and who should therefore be vis¬ 
ited oftener; for example, a prisoner who 
is violent or sick. 

(4) Inspect the cells and report on their 
condition daily. (NOTE:—There is little, 
if anything, to be said in this connection 
involving exercise of judgment and discre¬ 
tion. It is simply a plain duty.) 

(NOTE:—The requirement to state 
wherein these duties call for the exercise 
of judgment and discretion is a nuisance. 
Such riders are frequently attached to ques¬ 
tions by the Examiners in a way that shows 
a failure on their own part to exercise judg¬ 
ment and discretion. If they were to an¬ 
swer the questions themselves they would 
see how foolish some of them are. As a 
rule these riders either require useless rep¬ 
etition, or explanations of what is self-evi¬ 
dent. The effect is to confuse the candi¬ 
date, who is likely to fear that his or her 
answer is not correct and lead her to fab¬ 
ricate an irrelevant answer.) 

Ques. 8:—A lost child about three years 
old is brought to the Police Station. He 
can tell his name, somewhat indistinctly, 
but does not know where he lives. He 
says he came in the subway and was found 
bv the officer near the subway entrance at 
Times Square. Eventually a well-dressed 
man appears whom the child recognizes. 
He says, however, that he is not the parent 
of the child nor even a relation, but insists 


on taking the child with him. In referring 
the case to the Desk Officer, what course 
would you advise, and why? 

(NOTE:—The idea of a Matron advising 
the Desk Officer what to do is very un¬ 
likely, as the Lieutenant would know bet¬ 
ter than the Matron what to do, and the 
Matron’s opinion' would not be asked. The 
evident object of this question is to test 
the Matron’s knowledge of the proper pro¬ 
cedure to be followed, but this purpose 
would have been better served by asking 
the candidate to express her opinion as to 
what the Desk Officer would do.) 

ANS.:—I would advise the Lieutenant 
under no circumstances to surrender the 
child to the man, as a lost child should be 
surrendered only to a parent or guardian. 
The Desk Officer should question the man 
to ascertain the child’s name and address, 
since he evidently knows. After obtaining 
the child’s name and address the Desk Of¬ 
ficer should send a Patrolman, accompanied 
by the man, to the address with the child, 
and if certain that the child belonged to 
the persons who claimed it as parent or 
guardian, surrender it to them. If not 
certain, bring the child back to the station 
house and send it to the Society for the 
Prevention of Cruelty to children. The al¬ 
leged parents or guardian could then deal 
with the Children’s Society, the Police hav¬ 
ing nothing more to do with the case. 

If the parents or guardian were not found 
at the address given by the man, investiga¬ 
tions should be made as to why the man 
was so anxious to secure custody of the 
child, and if found that he was attempting 
to kidnap the child he should be arrested 

Ques. 9:—A young colored girl is brought 
to the police station with a bad wound on 
her head from which the blood is flowing 
freely. She charges that she was beaten 
by the officers who arrested her for street 
soliciting, and faints from loss of blood. 
What should the Matron do? 

ANS.:—First, send for an ambulance so 
that the girl may receive medical attention. 
Then bandage her wounds and try to revive 
her with ammonia and do what can be done 
to relieve her condition pending the arrival 
of the ambulance. 

Then report to the Desk Officer the 
charges made by the girl against the Police¬ 
men who arrested her, so that the Inspec¬ 
tor of the District could investigate to see 
whether the charges should be entertained 
and the Policemen be placed on trial. 

Ques. 10:—(Do not sign any name, num¬ 
ber, initials, title or any identifying mark 
to the following report. If you do you will 
be disqualified.) 

Write a report of 100 words, addressed 
to the Captain of your precinct, calling his 
attention to the condition of the cell rooms 
for women prisoners as being dark and so 
arranged that it is difficult to keep them 
clean and in sanitary condition, and recom¬ 
mending that women prisoners be trans¬ 
ferred to another station house on this ac¬ 
count. 


ANS.:— 

New York, July 7, 1914. 
Captain John Doe, 

Commanding 15th Precinct. 

Sir: 

I wish to respectfully call your attention 
to the bad condition of the cell rooms for 
women prisoners in this prison. 

They are dark, due to the narrow cor¬ 
ridors and the fact that most of the cells 
are largely cut ofif from daylight. The cells 
are damp and the plumbing is so old and 
unsanitary that it is impossible to keep the 
cells free from disagreeable odor. 

As the building is too old to justify any 
attempt at reconstruction, and as in my 
opinion it is injurious to the health of pris¬ 
oners to be confined in them in the condi¬ 
tion in which they now are, I respectfully 
recommend that no more women prisoners 
be confined in cells in this prison and that 
those now here confined be transferred to 
a precinct having a more sanitary and bet¬ 
ter suited prison for women. 

Respectfully submitted. 

Ques. 11: —The modern attitude towards 
crime is that of reform, rather than pun¬ 
ishment. In your judgment what are the 
steps a Police Matron can take to help in 
this direction? 

(NOTE:—The object of this question is 
commendable, but the Examiners evidently 
overlooked that Matrons, under the rules, 
are not allowed to hold unnecessary con¬ 
versation with prisoners.) 

ANS.:—The steps that a Police Matron 
can take to help in this direction are very 
limited under their present duties. They 
are only custodians of prisoners for a few 
hours and during that time they are re¬ 
quired, under the rules, to have no unneces¬ 
sary conversation with their charges. 

They can, however, treat their prisoners 
with as much consideration as possible and 
give them to understand by their attitude, 
rather than by words, that they do not re¬ 
gard them harshly because they are unfor¬ 
tunate or because they have erred. 

In the case of children, however, whom 
the Matron details in her own room and 
does not place in a cell, she has opportunity 
to talk to a child, if it is a delinquent, and 
try to persuade it to mend its ways. 

Ques. 12:—Certain Police Matrons are 
assigned to duty in the Detective Division. 
Why is this desirable? In what ways can 
they be of special service to the Depart¬ 
ment in this capacity? 

ANS.:—It is desirable to have Matrons 
assigned to the Detective Division because 
there are women criminals as well as men 
criminals, and in many cases a woman De¬ 
tective could better accomplish results with 
women. A woman Detective in many cases 
can also better accomplish results with men. 

They can be of special service to the De¬ 
partment in obtaining evidence against for¬ 
tune tellers and mental healers; in observ¬ 
ing the conduct of young girls at public 


100 


dance halls and picture theatres, and in 
dealing with women who solicit on the 
streets. In fact, a woman Detective could 
make herself valuable in many cases merely 
through the fact that women are not usually 
employed for detective work and hence 
would not be suspected. 


Municipal Civil Service Commission. 

Date: June 16, 1909. 

DUTIES—Weight 6. 

Ques. 1:—A woman of apparent refine¬ 
ment has been arrested charged with shop¬ 
lifting. The prisoner refuses to answer any 
question put to her and seems on the verge 
of nervous breakdown. If placed under 
your charge, how would you proceed to 
get from her all necessary information? 
Would you, in the treatment of this woman, 
make any exception to that accorded to the 
ordinary prisoner, and if so, give reasons in 
full. 

ANS.:—I would speak to her kindly and 
make her feel that I felt friendly toward 
her. I would advise her to answer the 
questions and try to persuade her to do so. 

I would place her in a cell apart from 
less refined prisoners so that she might not 
be shocked by language of intoxicated or 
disreputable women. 

(NOTE:—If a prisoner refuses to speak, 
nothing can be done to compel. Only per¬ 
suasion can be used. It should be borne 
in mind that the police handle the pre¬ 
liminaries in a case, and that after a few 
hours in the custody of the police the pris¬ 
oner is turned over to a Magistrate for 
disposition.) 

Ques. 2:—How would you proceed to 
search a woman accused of thieving? Tell 
each thing you would do. Also tell various 
ways in which you would act if she re¬ 
sisted your search. 

ANS.:—Always search her in the Ma¬ 
tron’s room. 

I would completely undress the prisoner 
and search each garment separately as re¬ 
moved. Let the hair down and examine 
it. Examine the shoes, the hat, the hat¬ 
band of the hat, and the mouth. If the 
theft were of a diamond or some article 
that might be concealed in the nose or 
private part of the anatomy, I would cau¬ 
tion the prisoner that if she did not yield 
the article I would recommend to the Desk 
Lieutenant to send for an ambulance sur¬ 
geon and have the surgeon conduct that 
part of the search. If I had reason to be¬ 
lieve that she may have swallowed the ar¬ 
ticle I would also recommend that she be 
placed in charge of an ambulance surgeon. 

If she resisted being searched I would 
reason with her and try to persuade her to 
yield. I would tell her that the object of 
having her searched by a Matron was out 
of considerations of delicacy, but that 
there was an officer outside the door in 
the hall, and that if she refused to yield 

101 


I would call in the officer to aid me. She 
would therefore avoid embarrassment by 
not resisting me. y 

_9 ues ' 3 . : “~ A girl of 15, drunken woman, 

hrljt,". mjure , d or helpless woman are 
brouglu in and turned over to your care. 
What will you do with each? 

i,. AN r : “ lf i th ®,« irl were lost 1 would 
keep her in the Matron’s room until 9 p. m., 

awaiting for a relative to claim her. If 
unclaimed by that hour, I would turn her 
over to the Desk Lieutenant to have him 

send her t° the S° clet y for Prevention of 

officer t0 Chl dren in the cu stody of an 

If i the girl had committed a crime, I 
would ask the Desk Lieutenant to notify 
her parents or relatives or friends. If I 
had reason to believe that relatives or 
friends would call, I would hold her a rea¬ 
sonable length of time. Then, if they did 
not^cmne^ I would have her sent to the 

(NOTE:—If charged with a misde¬ 
meanor the Lieutenant could accept bail 
but not in the case of a felony. Under no 
circumstances should a girl under 16 be 
placed in a cell. The officer who takes her 
to the S. P. C. C. must not take her in an 
ambulance with adults. 

The drunken woman I would search and 
then place her in a cell. 

In the case of the injured or helpless 
woman, I would request the Desk Lieu¬ 
tenant to send for an ambulance. In the 
mean time I would do anything I could to 
relieve her, not involving medicine or any¬ 
thing requiring a physician’s judgment. 

(NOTE:—Under the Inferior Courts Act 
enacted since this question was asked, it 
is unlawful for an officer to take a child 
accused of a crime to a police station. He 
is required to take her directly to the Chil¬ 
dren’s Court, if in session; if not, then to 
the Society for the Prevention of Cruelty 
to Children.) 


Ques. 4:—If the cells in the station house 
in which you are on duty as Matron should 
be overcrowded and it became necessary to 
place more than one female prisoner in 
each cell, in what manner would you dis¬ 
pose of a number of women, some charged 
with intoxication, some with shop-lifting 
and others known to be women of bad char¬ 
acter? 

ANS.:—Avoid placing two intoxicated 
women together in a cell, as they are likely 
to quarrel or become boisterous. I would 
not put a shoplifter together with a woman 
of bad character, because shoplifters are 
not necessarily depraved, and often are re¬ 
fined. 

First, I would put two shoplifters to¬ 
gether. 

As a next alternative, I would put two 
women of bad character together, as they 
are not necessarily quarrelsome or boister¬ 
ous. Some are genteel, and I would put 
the most genteel together. 

As a next alternative, I would put to¬ 
gether an intoxicated woman who had be- 



come sobered with one who was mildly- 
intoxicated. Or a sobered intoxicant could, 
if necessary, be placed with a shoplifter. 

Ques. 5:—Explain clearly what means 
you would take to maintain discipline and 
quiet among women under the influence of 
liquor. 

ANS.:—The only power a Matron has is 
to place them in cells where they can do 
no damage to anyone. When they are 
once in the cells, nothing can be done to 
compel them to conform to discipline or 
to keep them quiet. All that can be done 
is for the Matron to use her tact and try 
to persuade them to keep quiet. 

(NOTE:—If a prisoner yells at the top 
of her voice all through the night and draws 
a crowd of 1,000 persons in the street, 
there is still nothing that can legally be 
done except persuasion. It is not permis¬ 
sible to enter the cell and use force. Of 
course the prisoner can be told that it 
will be reported to the Judge, etc.) 

Ques. 6:—In case a woman prisoner 
drank poison in her cell from a bottle which 
she had successfully concealed, state what 
efforts you would make to save her life 
pending the arrival of a surgeon. 

ANS.:—I would send out for ground 
mustard, flour and eggs. Mix a teaspoon¬ 
ful of mustard in a half glass of lukewarm 
water and make the patient drink it. Keep 
this up every ten minutes until patient vom¬ 
its freely. Also give patient white of eggs 
and flour, stirred in water or milk. If 
opium or narcotic poisoning, keep patient 
awake at all hazards by rubbing, walking, 
slapping, etc. It is also well to administer 
strong black coffee. 

(NOTE:—It is a peculiar fact that the 
Police Department provides Matrons with 
no supplies for First Aid work. Anything 
the Matron would do in the way of sending 
out for mustard, eggs, etc., would be volun¬ 
tary and at her own expense. The Police 
Department does not even furnish band¬ 
ages, although some ye^rs ago it was cus¬ 
tomary to supply bandages. Most Matrons 
at their own expense, keep on hand some 
bandages and ammonia or smelling salts. 

Matrons are also not allowed to admin¬ 
ister drugs. They are required to send for 
an ambulance in any case requiring medical 
attention. The rules do not provide any¬ 
thing else. Naturally, however, the human¬ 
itarian instinct leads them to prescribe sim¬ 
ples to afford relief .in case of emergency. 
It is against the rules to give liquor to 
prisoners, and Matrons should refuse to ad¬ 
minister brandy even in an emergency, ex¬ 
cept with the approval of the precinct com¬ 
mander. But it should be noted that it 
is no official part of the duties of a Police 
Matron to administer to sick persons. A 
Matron is practically a Prison Keeper.) 

Ques. 7:—How would you treat a woman 
prisoner under each of the following cir¬ 
cumstances: 

(a) If she uses insolent and abusive lan¬ 
guage toward you. 


(b) If she threatents you with personal 
violence. 

(c) If she actually assaults you. 

ANS.:—(a) By use of tact try to per¬ 
suade her to behave. 

(b) Her threats cannot harm me, as she 
is locked in a cell. Therefore the answer 
is the same as the answer to (a). 

(c) If she assaulted me and I could not 
handle here alone, I would call an officer to 
assist me. I would then prefer a charge 
of assault against her to the Desk Lieuten¬ 
ant, and appear in court and prosecute her 
for it. 

Ques. 8:—What must be done with lost 
children brought to a station house? What 
must be done with such children where 
there is no Matron in the house? 

ANS.:—In the first case, write a descrip¬ 
tion of them and hand it to the Desk Lieu¬ 
tenant. The description should contain the 
following: Age, height, weight, color, na¬ 
tionality, hair, any distinctive marks or 
characteristics, and dress. Try to get 
names and addresses of persons whom the 
child knows. In case of obtaining such ad¬ 
dresses, the Desk Lieutenant will send an 
officer to such persons to notify them. 

If there is ,no Matron in that station 
house, the child must be sent to the near¬ 
est station house where there is a Matron. 

Ques. 9:—If a woman who was helpless 
was brought in, how would you know if 
she was under the influence of liquor or 
some drug, or if she was ill? What would 
you do in each case? 

ANS.:—To ascertain whether she was 
under the influence of liquor, I would 
smell her breath. This, however, would be 
no certain evidence, as she might have 
taken a drink to relieve her illness. If I 
had any doubt, I would send for an ambu¬ 
lance. If I was confident that she was 
under the influence of liquor, I would give 
her a glass of cold water. In the other 
cases I would leave it for the ambulance 
surgeon to decide. 

Ques. 10:—What remedies do you think 
should be kept on hand by the Matron for 
the emergency treatment of (a) fainting; 
(b) cramp; (c) nausea; (d) chill from ex¬ 
posure; (e) heat prostration? 

ANS.:—(a) For fainting, smelling salts 
and ammonia. 

(b) For cramps, ginger or peppermint. 

(c) For nausea, salt (to be mixed with 
lukewarm water). 

(d) For chill from exposure, hot tea or 
coffee. 

(e) For heat prostration: There are two 
kinds of heat prostration. In one kind, 
where there is rush of blood to the head 
as indicated by the face being bluish, red 
or purple, the remedy would be ice or cold 
water. In the other kind, where the hands 
and face are cold, sweaty and clammy and 
the eyes dead-looking, the remedy is stim¬ 
ulants and a little water every five or ten 
minutes. It is against the rules of the 

102 


Police Department to have stimulants in 
any station house. 


TRANSLATION. 

Translate the following into all the lan¬ 
guages you can offer: 

“How old are you? Eighteen years old. 
Have you had anything to eat to-day? I 
had a piece of bread and a cup of coffee. 
Where do you live? If you were so sick, 
why didn’t you have a doctor? The doctor 
costs too much. You should be good now, 
and let me look at your clothes. There is 
a policeman just outside, who helps me 
when anyone does not submit.” 


REPORT—Weight 1. 

Write a report of not less than 250 words 
to the Captain of your precinct, complain¬ 
ing to him about a Patrolman of the pre¬ 
cinct who persists in coming to your office 
on various pretexts, although you have 
warned him repeatedly that his action is a 
violation of the rules of the department 
and exceedingly annoying to you. 

Sign this report “Jane Doe.” 

New York, June 16, 1909. 


Captain Richard Roe, 

100th Precinct. 

Sir* * 

I* am obliged to report that Patrolman 
Ebenezer Whitebrow has been for several 
weeks annoying me with attentions. 

In the latter part of May he indulged in 
more conversation than necessary in turn- 
ing over to me a prisoner. The next day 
he met me in the hall, and after asking 
about the prisoner begin to converse with 
me. Every time after that when we met 
he would stop and talk. 

About a week ago he knocked at my door 
on some pretext. The next day he did the 
same thing. When he repeated this the fol¬ 
lowing day I informed him that our con¬ 
versations must be strictly on necessary 
police business, and that he sh g u ld refrain 
from knocking at my door. He did not 
annoy me the next day, but on the day 
following he knocked, and when I opened 
the door he tried to squeeze in, but I closed 

the door sharply: , 

Yesterday he met me in the hall and 
tried to hand me a box of candy, and said 
he would like to speak to me. I refused 
the candy and told him that 1 w°u ld report 
him He then said that he didn t believe 
that a good-looking woman like me would 
trv to get a good-looking fellow like him 
in trouble He said he took a hkmg to me 
and didn’t see why we couldn t be friends. 
He said I was the only woman in the house, 
and what was the use of keeping aloof and 
makinar myself so lonesome. 

He does not seem to take my rebuk .^j 
seriously, although I have never given him 
tVie slightest encouragement. 

I trust that you will take such measures 
as you may see fit to stop him from fur¬ 
ther annoying me. 

Respectfully submitted, 

JANE DOE. 


Municipal Civil Service Commission, New 
York. 

POLICE MATRON. 

Date: March 18, 1904. 

DUTIES. 

Ques. 1:—State (a) what you understand 
to be the duties of a Police Matron; (b) 
what qualities, besides good character, you 
consider most important in a Police Ma¬ 
tron. 

ANS.:—(a) Obey all rules of the Police 
Department and all orders of the Police 
Commissioner or other superior officers, 
lake care of all women or juvenile female 
prisoners placed in my charge; also lost 
children and lost aged women. Make the 
rounds of each cell at least once every 
thirty minutes. Inspect the cells and re¬ 
port their condition daily to the Desk Lieu¬ 
tenant. Take care of my own room and 
keep it clean. 

(b) Health and strength, tact, courage 
and firmness, in addition to good character. 

Ques. 2:—Would you discriminate in 
your treatment of girls under eighteen and 
women over? If so, state how and why. 

ANS.:—I would separate the girls from 
the women, and I would visit the girls more 
frequently. The reason is that care should 
be taken not to harden young girls and 
thereby confirm them in a downward path 
when under favorable conditions they 
might be redeemed. If thrown into con¬ 
tact with old offenders the influence might 
frequently be bad. 

Ques. 3:—A woman is brought in charged 
with being drunk and disorderly. State 
precisely and with full particulars what you 
would do. 

ANS.:—Search her thoroughly in the 
Matron’s room, as described in answer to 
Question 2, examination June 16, 1909. Try 
to persuade her to be quiet, lock her in 
a cell, and offer her a glass of cold water. 

Ques. 4:—A woman under your charge 
has an epileptic fit. While waiting for the 
surgeon, what would you do? 

ANS.:—Keep her lying on the floor so 
that she cannot fall. Dash cold water in 
her face, or put a towel that has been wrung 
out in cold water over the head. Put a 
cork or some other suitable article between 
her teeth to keep her from biting her tongue 
during a spasm. , 

Ques. 5:—What questions would you put 
to a prisoner placed under your charge? 

ANS.:—Get name, age, address, nativity, 
social condition (married or single), occu¬ 
pation, and whether she can read and write. 
Ask her if she wishes to notify her friends, 
informing her that she can have an en¬ 
velope and paper for mailing purposes, or 
can telephone, or if she wishes to send a 
special delivery messenger she can do so 
at her own expense. 

103 



Ques. 6:—Suppose a party of prisoners 
became unruly and noisy; what would you 
do? 

ANS. :—The only thing to do, outside of 
trying to persuade them to be quiet, would 
be to shift them to different cells, so that 
the disorderly .ones would be separated 
from each other. 

Ques. 7:—Under what circumstances 
would you consider it proper to administer 
drugs to a prisoner? State what drugs and 
in what doses. 

ANS.: —It is against the rules for a Ma¬ 
tron to administer drugs, as it is her duty 
to summon an ambulance if a prisoner re¬ 
quires medical attention. The only excep¬ 
tions would be in trying to revive a faint¬ 
ing person by means of smelling salts, etc., 
and relieve colic with ginger or pepper¬ 
mint. These articles, however, are barely 
drugs. 

Ques. 8:—What inspection would you 
make, and how often, to see that all the 
premises under your charge were kept 
clean? 

ANS.: —Inspect the prison once a day, 
the first thing on coming on duty. In mak¬ 
ing my rounds of the cells every half hour 
I also would keep an eye open to see 
whether anything had occurred within view 
to disorder the cell. Inspect my own room 
all the time to see that it was clean and 
orderly. 


Municipal Civil Service Commission, New 
York. 

POLICE MATRON. 

Examination held in 1900. 
DUTIES. 

Ques. 1:—For what police stations are 
Matrons appointed? What are the duties 
of a Matron with respect to children 
brought to her station? What additional 
duties belong to the Matron at Police Head¬ 
quarters? 

ANS.:—Matrons are appointed only to 
police station houses where female pris¬ 
oners are detained. It is the duty of a 
Matron to detain them in the Matron’s 
room, if they are under 16 years of age, 
and to look out for their comfort. 

(NOTE:—Formerly there was a Matron 
in the House of Detention at Police Head¬ 
quarters, where children under 16 years 
were sent. They are now sent to the rooms 
of the Society for Prevention of Cruelty 
to Children. There is no provision in the 
Police Department rules for feeding of chil¬ 
dren by Matrons, and if they do so it is 
out of their own pockets. They frequently 
do so, however. Matrons now have no 
duties at Police Headquarters unless they 
are detailed there to do detective work. 
Several Matrons from the precincts are so 
detailed from time to time, but they are 
then really doing detective duty and not 


Matron duty. Any bright Matron is liable 
to receive such details. One Matron was 
in 1912 promoted to the rank of Detective- 
Sergeant for clever work while detailed to 
Headquarters.) 

Ques. 2:—Should women accused of crime 
be treated with more consideration than 
men under arrest for similar offenses? 
Give reasons for your answer. 

ANS.:—As a general proposition I think 
there is no more reason why a woman in 
charge of a woman criminal should treat 
her with any more consideration than a 
man in charge of a male criminal would 
treat his prisoner. 

(NOTE:—Unless the Matron is to vio¬ 
late rules, about the only discrimination 
possible is kindliness of manner, unless she 
wishes, out of her own pocket, to supply 
her with comforts. This can be done with¬ 
out violation of any rule, but, naturally, is 
only done in a case of distress. If the 
prisoner supplies the money, it is custom¬ 
ary for the Matron to send out to have food, 
etc., brought for the prisoner. The object 
of the above question was to see whether 
the candidate would give a sentimental an¬ 
swer.) 

Ques. 3:—A vagrant woman suffering 
from exposure to the cold is brought to the 
station house and placed under your care. 
What would be your duty in the case? 
What is a vagrant? 

ANS.:—Instead of locking her up in a 
cell, let her stand, under observation, near 
the steam radiator pipes in the corridor 
until she warms up. Give her something 
warm to drink and see that her clothes are 
dry. If necessary, send for an ambulance. 

A vagrant is a person without visible 
means of support and usually homeless. 

Ques. 4:—Under what circumstances 
would you have the right to administer 
stimulants to prisoners under your charge? 

ANS.:—Only under orders of the doctor, 
which are never given. If the prisoner 
needed stimulants she would be taken away 
in an ambulance. 

Ques. 5:—If women prisoners under your 
charge persisted in using profane or ob¬ 
scene language, what would you do? 

ANS:—Nothing can be done except to 
use tact and persuasion. 

Ques. 6:—What qualities in general do 
you think would be likely to make a Police 
Matron most successful in the performance 
of her duties? 

ANS.:—See answer to Question 1, exam¬ 
ination March 18, 1904. 

ARITHMETIC. 

I. On New Year’s Day a man stopped 
drinking, and began to give his wife every 
week the sum of $2, which was the amount 
he used to spend, on the average, for drink. 
She saved the money and at the end of the 
year she bought with it a sofa for $35 an 
easy chair for $17, and five parlor chairs at 



$6 each. After paying for these things, 
how much money had she left? 

2. In 1880 the population of Boston was 
369,832, and that of Baltimore 332,313. 
What is the difference? 

3. A good cow yields 168 pounds of but¬ 
ter a year. If it takes 215,000 cows to sup¬ 
ply London with butter, how many pounds 
of butter are consumed annually in that 
city? 

4. Texas contains 262,290 square miles, 
and Massachusetts 8,040. How many 
States as large as Massachusetts could be 
made out of Texas, and how much would 
be left over? 


Chicago Civil Service Com’n. 
POLICEWOMAN. 

Police Dep’t, Chicago. 

Date: December 12, 1913. 
REPORT. 

In a report directed to “The First Dep¬ 
uty Superintendent of Police,” not exceed¬ 
ing 500 words, state what you think are 


the proper classes of duty for policewomen, 
and give your reasons therefor. 

DUTIES. 

1. What classes of cases are considered 
and passed on by the following courts: (a) 
Juvenile Court. (b) Court of Domestic 
Relations, (c) Morals Court. 

2. (a) What are the duties of members of 
the Police Department with regard to lost 
children? (b) What disposition is made of 
children placed under arrest and held for 
trial? 

3. If you were directed to investigate an 
anonymous communication to the effect that 
a man was abusing his wife, and his chil¬ 
dren were neglected, what would you do 
and what evidence would you secure? 

4. (a) When may a police officer lawfully 
make an arrest for a misdemeanor in the 
absence of a warrant? (b) What right, if 
any, has a police officer to command assist¬ 
ance in making an arrest? 

5. (a) How is an arrest made? (b) De¬ 
fine felony and give three examples, (c) 
Define misdemeanor and give three exam¬ 
ples. 


POLICE MATRON, POLICEWOMAN AND PATROL¬ 
MAN PRACTICE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS. 


QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS ON IN¬ 
FERIOR COURTS ACT. 

Ques. 1:—Name the courts of criminal 
jurisdiction in the City of New York. 

ANS.:—The Supreme Court (Criminal 
Branch), Court of General Sessions, the 
Court of Special Sessions, and the City 
Magistrates’ Courts. 

Ques. 2:—What courts constitute the in¬ 
ferior courts of criminal jurisdiction? 

ANS.:—The Court of Special Sessions, 
the City Magistrates’ Courts. 

Ques. 3:—Describe the organization of 
the Court of Special Sessions. 

ANS.:—There is now only one division 
of the court, and the two divisions which 
formerly existed have now been combined 
into one division. There is one Chief Jus¬ 
tice and fourteen Associate Justices. 

Ques. 4:—Describe the jurisdiction of the 
Court of Special Sessions. 

ANS.:—The court has in the first instance 
exclusive jurisdiction to hear and determine 
all charges of misdemeanor committed with¬ 
in the City of New York, except charges of 
libel, and exclusive jurisdiction in the first 
instance of all proceedings respecting bas¬ 
tards within the City of New York. 

Ques. 5:—Into what two divisions are the 
Magistrates’ Courts divided in the City of 
New York? 


ANS.:—The City Magistrates’ Courts in 
the City of New York are divided into two 
divisions as follows: (a) The first division 
embraces the Boroughs of Manhattan and 
the Bronx, (b) The second division em¬ 
braces the Boroughs of Brooklyn, Queens, 
and Richmond. 

Ques. 6—What constitutes the Board of 
City Magistrates in each of the two divi¬ 
sions of the City Magistrate’s Court? 

ANS.:—In each of the two divisions there 
is a Board of City Magistrates, consisting 
of a Chief City Magistrate and sixteen City 
Magistrates. 

Ques. 7:—How is the City Magistrate’s 
Court district composed? « 

ANS.:—Each City Magistrate’s Court 
district is composed, as far as may be prac¬ 
ticable, of entire police precincts as con¬ 
stituted upon the date when the boundaries 
of such court are 'determined; but the ter¬ 
ritorial jurisdiction of the Night Courts and 
the Domestic Relations Courts are coter¬ 
minous with that of the division or borough 
in which the same are held. 

Ques. 8:—When is the City Magistrate’s 
Court held, and where? 

ANS.:—The City Magistrate’s Court is 
held daily in every court district, and in ad¬ 
dition to the Night Court for men and the 
Night Court for Women, such additional 


105 





Night Courts for men and for women may 
be held as the Board of City Magistrates 
may direct, and unless otherwise directed 
by the Chief Magistrate or the respective 
Boards of Magistrates, each court shall be 
open every day at nine o’clock in the morn¬ 
ing and shall not be closed before four 
o’clock in the afternoon, and the City Mag¬ 
istrate assigned thereto shall be in attend¬ 
ance thereat except during a reasonable re¬ 
cess, and except that the afternoon session 
may be dispensed with upon Saturdays, 
Sundays and holidays, other than days 
upon which general elections are held, when 
each court shall be open until the polls 
close. 

Ques. 9:—Describe the jurisdiction of a 
City Magistrate’s Court. 

ANS.:—The Chief City Magistrate and 
the City Magistrates of the City of New 
York are Magistrates within the meaning 
of the provisions of the Code of Criminal 
Procedure and the Penal Law, and City 
Magistrates’ Courts are police courts with¬ 
in the meaning of the provisions of the 
Code of Criminal Procedure and the Penal 
Law. 

Each of the Chief City Magistrates and 
the City Magistrates have all the powers 
and jurisdiction possessed by City Magis¬ 
trates of the City of New York on April 1, 
1910 (when Inferior Courts Act went into 
effect), and in addition have the jurisdic¬ 
tion of the Court of Special Sessions, upon 
a plea of guilty to a charge of violation 
of the motor vehicle law, first offense, or 
of a violation of any law for the preven¬ 
tion of cruelty to animals. 

Ques. 10:—What are “Inferior Courts” 
for? 

ANS.:—Inferior Courts are for two pur¬ 
poses. One purpose is to dispose of petty 
offenses, such as intoxication, street fight¬ 
ing, damaging property, etc., .the penalty 
for which offenses would be a small fine or 
imprisonment in the Work House for a 
short time, or a judgment to pay small 
damages. 

The other purpose is to provide a prelim¬ 
inary hearing of cases where the com¬ 
plaints are sufficiently serious that if en¬ 
tertained they will be subjects for a higher 
court to deal with. In such cases the court 
decides either that the complaint is not 
entitled to be entertained, or that it is a 
matter for a higher court to deal with. 

Ques. 11:—What two classes of Inferior 
Courts are there? 

ANS.:—Criminal and Civil. 

Ques. 12:—What is the difference? 

ANS.:—A Criminal Court is one in which 
crimes are tried. A Civil Court is one in 
which cases involving disputes over money, 
property or equity (fairness) not involving 
crime, are tried. 

Ques. 13:—What are the names of the 
Inferior Criminal and Inferior Civil Courts 
of New York City. 

ANS.:—The Inferior Criminal Courts are 


the Magistrates’ Court and the Court of 
Special Sessions. The Inferior Civil Courts 
are the Municipal Courts. 

Ques. 14:—What is the fundamental dif¬ 
ference from a legal point of view between 
Inferior Courts and other courts? 

ANS.:—Inferior Courts are not courts of 
record. 

Ques. 15:—What is meant by a Court 
of Record? 

ANS.:—Certain courts of arbitrarily 
declared by law to be Courts of Record. 
A Court of Record is a court that deals 
with cases of more than a trivial nature, 
and such courts keep permanent records, 
although to a certain extent Inferior Courts 
also keep permanent records. 

Ques. 16:—What is the difference be¬ 
tween the Magistrates’ Court and the Court 
of Special Sessions? 

ANS.:—The Magistrates’ Court is a 
court before which any arrest for any 
crime is brought for immediate preliminary 
disposition. There are certain minor cases 
which the Magistrate can make final dis¬ 
position of, such as violations of corpo¬ 
ration ordinances, disorderly conduct, in¬ 
toxication and other small misdemeanors. 
In addition to these a Magistrate can dis¬ 
pose of a first offense for speeding and a 
first offense for cruelty to animals. Dis¬ 
orderly conduct means individual acts only, 
for a Magistrate cannot dispose of a charge 
of keeping a disorderly house. 

The limit of punishment a Magistrate can 
impose is $10 fine or six months in the 
v/orkhouse. 

All other misdemeanor cases, except 
small offenses as mentioned, are referred 
by the Magistrates to the Court of Special 
Sessions, which is a court for trying all 
misdemeanor cases too serious for Magis¬ 
trates to dispose of. 

The Court of Special Sessions has juris¬ 
diction over all misdemeanor cases except 
criminal libel, which is tried by the Court 
of General Sessions or the Supreme Court 
after an indictment has been found by the 
Grand Jury. The Court of Special Sessions 
deals with all cases of Juvenile Delinquency 
and Improper Guardianship and all cases of 
crime involving children under 16 years old, 
except homicide, in which case the pro¬ 
cedure is by Grand Jury indictment. 

Ques. 17:—What is the Children’s Court? 

ANS.:—It is a branch of the Court of 
Special Sessions. It deals with cases of 
children as explained in the answer to 
Question 16. 

Ques. 18:—What is the Court of Domes¬ 
tic Relations? 

ANS.:—It is a branch of the Magistrates’ 
Court which tries all cases that violate the 
Domestic Relations law. These are cases 
involving support of needy relatives, wife, 
children, etc. The reason these are not 
considered to be civil cases to be dealt with 
by the Municipal Court is that the law 


106 


makes failure to support needy relatives 
a crime. 

Ques. 19:—What is the Night Court? 

ANS.:—It is a branch of the Magistrates’ 
Court, and is simply certain Magistrates’ 
Courts designated to sit at night so that 
persons arrested after the day courts are 
dosed can have their cases heard and thus 
perhaps avoid being locked in a cell over 
night. There is a Night Court for men 
and one for women. 

Ques. 20:—What jurisdiction has the Mu¬ 
nicipal Court? 

ANS.:—It deals with civil cases where 
the amount involved does not exceed $500, 
except in cases of damages for false im¬ 
prisonment, malicious prosecution, loss of 
of a husband or wife, etc. Such cases go 
to higher courts. 

Ques. 21:—What is the next higher civil 
court? 

ANS.:—In New York County it is the 
City Court, which has jurisdiction in civil 
cases where the amount involved does not 
exceed $2,000. In all other counties of New 
York City and New York State it is the 
County Court. 

Ques. 22:—What is a County Court? 

ANS.:—A County Court is the highest 
court in a county. It has jurisdiction over 
both criminal and civil cases. The jurisdic¬ 
tion in criminal cases includes all cases ex¬ 
cept where the death penalty is involved. 
In civil cases it includes all cases involv¬ 
ing money or property not exceeding $2,000 
in value. Death penalty cases and civil 
cases involving more than $2,000 are tried 
in the Supreme Court, which is a State 
court. There are, however, four County 
Courts that by special act of the Legisla¬ 
ture are given the power to try cases in¬ 
volving the death penalty. They are the 
Kings, Albany, Ulster and Richmond 
County Courts. 

Ques. 23:—Why has New York County 
no County Court? 

ANS.:—Because the Court of General 
Sessions and the City Court correspond to 
County Courts, the Court of General Ses¬ 
sions acting as the criminal branch and the 
City Court as the civil branch. But the 
Court of General Sessions in addition has 
powers beyond those of a County Court 
and exercises in many respects the func¬ 
tions of a Supreme Court. 

Ques. 24:—What is the Supreme Court? 

ANS.:—The Supreme Court has original 
jurisdiction over all crimes, civil or crim¬ 
inal, without limit of any kind. Besides 
trying original cases, it also hears appeals 
from the lower courts. 

Ques. 25:—What other courts are there 
higher than the Supreme Court? 

ANS.:—The Appellate Division of the 
Supreme Court, which is for hearing ap¬ 
peals from the Supreme Court, and the 
Court of Appeals, which is the court of last 


resort. The Court of Impeachment is the 
highest of State Courts, but convenes only 
for the purpose of trying public officials 
charged with improper conduct in office. It 
consists of the Judges of the Court of Ap¬ 
peals sitting with the Senate. 

Ques. 26:—What is the difference in pro¬ 
cedure between misdemeanor cases and fel¬ 
ony cases? 

ANS.:—Felony cases cannot be brought 
to trial until the Grand Jury has found an 
indictment against the individual charged 
with the felony. 

Ques. 27:—Where are felony cases tried? 

ANS.:—In New York County they are 
tried in the Court of General Sessions or 
the Supreme Court. In other counties they 
are tried in the County Court or the Su¬ 
preme Court. Homicide cases first go be¬ 
fore the Coroner’s Court, which sits for 
preliminary examination, but does not try 
the case. 

Ques. 28:—What is the Court of General 
Sessions? 

ANS.:—It is a court that exists in New 
York County only and has the same powers 
in criminal cases as the Supreme Court. 
Usually it tries felony cases, but a misde¬ 
meanor case can be tried there on transfer 
from the Court of Special Sessions. 

Ques. 29:—What is the Coroner’s Court? 

ANS.:—It is a court presided over by a 
Coroner with a jury of not less than nine 
nor more than fifteen persons summoned 
by the Coroner. When a person is dan¬ 
gerously injured or killed under circum¬ 
stances that appear criminal, or may have 
committed suicide, the . Coroner of the 
County must be notified, and it is his duty 
to go to the place and inquire into the cir¬ 
cumstances. If any person is found to be 
criminally responsible, the Coroner issues 
a warrant for his arrest, and he has power 
to commit him pending the results of in¬ 
quiry. The body cannot be touched by any 
person without the Coroner’s permission. 
Any Peace Officer must serve a Coroner’s 
warrant. 

Ques. 30:—What is the Surrogate’s 
Court? 

ANS.:—A Civil Court that has jurisdic¬ 
tion over the probate of wills. It passes on 
questions of whether or not wills are prop¬ 
erly proven and authentic. 

Ques. 31:—What special record is made 
in a Night Court of a woman convicted of 
prostitution? 4 

ANS.:—Their finger prints are taken. 

Ques. 32:—What is Juvenile Delinquency? 

ANS.:—It is any act committed, by a 
child that would be a crime if committed 
by an adult. 

Ques. 33:—What is Improper Guardian¬ 
ship? 

ANS.:—It is any crime by a child that 
would not be a crime if committed by an 
adult. 


(NOTE:—These two terms are frequent¬ 
ly confused, and comparatively few people 
know the difference. If a child steals 
money, it is Juvenile Delinquency, because 
stealing money would be a crime if com¬ 
mitted by an adult. If a child goes into a 
saloon and purchases a can of beer, it is 
Improper Guardianship, because purchasing 
beer by an adult is no crime.) 

Ques. 34:—What different charges of 
crime can be preferred against a child? 

ANS.:—Only three. It can. A child can 
be charged with Homicide, Juvenile Delin¬ 
quency and Improper Guardianship. All 
crimes by children that are not Homicide 
are either Juvenile Delinquency or Im¬ 
proper Guardianship. 

Ques. 35:—Before what court would each 
of the following be taken: (a) burglar ar¬ 
rested at midnight; (b) a man who has 
abandoned his wife and child; (c) a little 
girl arrested for selling newspapers in the 
streets; (d) a woman accused of intoxica¬ 
tion arrested at 5 A. M.; (e) an automobil- 
ist who has exceeded the speed limit? In 
each case mention the special court (if any) 
to which the prisoner would first be taken, 
giving reasons.. The arrests are supposed 
to have been made near the Brooklyn 
Bridge. 

ANS.:—(a) Would be arraigned in the 
First District Magistrates’ Court, Centre 
and Franklin streets, the following morn¬ 
ing at 9 A. M. The reason that this pris¬ 
oner would not be taken to the Night Court 
is that burglary is a felony and the Night 
Court was instituted only for the arraign¬ 
ment of persons arrested after 4 P. M. 
charged with misdemeanors. 

(b) Would be arraigned in the Domestic 
Relations Court in East 57th street, be¬ 
cause this court is set aside for the hear¬ 
ing of all cases involving the support of 
minors or needy relatives. 

(c) Would be arraigned in the Children’s 
Court, 11th street and Third ave., charged 
with improper guardianship, because this 
court was organized exclusively for the 
trial of all children under sixteen years of 
age charged with any offense except homi¬ 
cide. This child must be under 16, or she 
would not be subject to arrest. 

(d) Would be arraigned in the First Dis¬ 
trict Magistrates’ Court at Centre and 
Franklin street the same morning at 9 A. 
M., if sober. If not, she would be arraigned 
in the same court later. The reason that 
this woman would not be taken to the 
Night Court is that this court closes at 1 
A. M. 

(e) If satisfactorily identified, would be 
served with a summons to appear in the 
First District Magistrates’ Court. If not 
satisfactorily identified, would be arrested 
and arraigned in this court. 

Ques. 36:—What is meant by the “Penal 
Law”? 

ANS.:—It is a code of laws enacted by 
the Legislature specifying what shall be 
considered crimes, providing the punish¬ 


ment for each crime, and declaring what 
persons shall be deemed capable of com¬ 
mitting a crime. 

Ques. 37:—What is the Code of Criminal 
Procedure? 

ANS.:—It is a code of laws enacted by 
the Legislature defining the methods of 
dealing with crime. It describes what courts 
shall deal with different classes of crime, 
what shall be done to prevent crime, how 
crimes shall be prosecuted, the powers and 
duties of peace officers, etc. 

Ques. 38:—What is a “principal” in a 
crime? 

ANS.:—A person directly concerned in 
its commission. 

Ques. 39:—What is an “accessory”? 

ANS.:—One who aids a person who has 
committed a felony to escape punishment. 

Ques. 40:—What, is disorderly conduct? 

ANS.:—Any act in public that outrages 
public decency, or disturbs the peace or 
health of the public for WHICH NO OTH¬ 
ER PUNISHMENT IS EXPRESSLY 
PROVIDED, is a misdemeanor and goes 
by the term “disorderly conduct.” It is not, 
however, known by such title in the Penal 
Law. 

Ques. 41:—What is Abandonment? 

ANS.:—The action of leaving in desti¬ 
tute circumstances a child under 16 years 
of age by a parent or other person having 
that child in charge for support or for edu¬ 
cation; or any neglect of proper care of a 
child. 

Ques. 42:—What constitutes “prima fa¬ 
cie” evidence of intent to abandon a child? 
What does “prima facie” mean? 

ANS.:—The fact of its being abandoned. 
“Prima facie” means apparently a fact, 
judged from first glance. 

Ques. 43:—Does the law prohibiting con¬ 
fidential disclosure between husband and 
wife apply to prosecution of an abandon¬ 
ment case? 

ANS.:—No. 

Ques. 44:—What permit must persons 
have who conduct private maternity hospi¬ 
tals or who board children under 12 years 
of age? 

ANS.:—A license from the Board of 
Health. 

Ques. 45:—What records must they 
keep? 

ANS.:—A register of the names and 
ages of childen born there or cared for, 
name and address of parents, and names 
and addresses of children given out and to 
whom given out. 

Ques. 46:—Is there any penalty for a par¬ 
ent permitting a child under 16 years of age 
to engage in an occupation injurious to its 
health or morals? 

ANS.:—Yes, it is a misdemeanor. 


108 


Ques. 47:—Suppose that an arrest was 

j]? 0 .} 1 * t0 i^ e made of a g ir l apparently over 
lb but whose parents claimed that she was 
cnly lo and was simply large for her age; 
what should be done? 

A NS.:—Malcc the arrest, because the law 
provides, 16 or apparently over.” 


QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS ON PO¬ 
LICE DEPARTMENT RULES. 

Ques. 48:—Under whose orders is the 
Matron in a station house? 

ANS.:—Under the orders of the Com¬ 
manding Officer. 

Ques. 49:—What is the reule regarding 
members of the Force visiting with or con¬ 
versing with Matrons while on duty? 

ANS.:—There is to be no visiting or con¬ 
versation. 

Ques. 50:—In case a visitor desires to 
see the Matron, what is the rule? 

ANS.:—The visitor can be seen only in 
the main room, and then only on permission 
by the Commanding Officer. 

Ques. 51:—Is visiting in the Matron’s 
own room permissible under any circum¬ 
stances? 

ANS.:—No. 

Ques. 52:—Who is responsible for the 
care and cleanliness of the Matron’s room 
and of the female prison? 

ANS.:—The Matron is responsible for 
the care of her own room, but is not re¬ 
quired to clean the cells, though she is re¬ 
quired to see that they are kept clean. 

Ques. 53:—What is done to keep male 
and female prisoners from communicating 
with each other? 

ANS.:—They are kept apart in separate 
cells in different parts of the prison. 

Ques. 54:—Is it allowable under any cir¬ 
cumstances to permit a male and female 
prisoner to communicate? 

ANS.:—Yes, if under orders of the Com¬ 
manding Officer. 

Ques. 55:—What is done when a woman 
prisoner is brought into the station house? 

ANS.:—The Desk Officer takes her “ped¬ 
igree.” She is then taken by the Matron 
to the Matron’s room and searched. Any 
articles taken from her are labelled and 
placed in charge of the Desk Officer. She 
is then placed into a cell and locked up. 
The Matron is responsible for her until 
she is taken from her cell to court. 

Ques. 56:—How many prisoners may be 
placed in one cell? 

ANS.:—There should be not more than 
one prisoner in a cell, unless due to over¬ 
crowded conditions it becomes necessary 
to place two together. 

Ques. 57:—What is the duty of the Ma¬ 
tron with regard to the locks on cells in the 
female prison? 

ANS.:—It is her duty to see that the 


lock on each cell is different in size and 
pattern and to see that they are prooerlv 
secured. 

Ques. 58:—How often should the Ma¬ 
tron visit the cells? 

ANS.:—Not less than once every 30 min¬ 
utes, except during lunch hours, and often- 
er if the condition of prisoners requires it. 

Ques. 59:—Who is responsible for the 
safe-keeping of the female prisoners, the 
Matron or the Commanding Officer? 

ANS.:—The Matron is responsible, sub¬ 
ject to the orders of the Commanding Offi¬ 
cer. 

Ques. 60:—What is the Matron required 
to do at the end of each tour of duty? 

ANS.:—In a book kept for that purpose, 
she shall enter, in her own handwriting, a 
report showing the time of each visit and 
the condition and requests of each prisoner. 
This entry is to be turned in to the Desk 
Lieutenant, who is required to certify it. 

Ques. 61:—What report is the Matron re¬ 
quired to make at the beginning of each 
tour of duty? 

ANS.:—She is required to report to the 
Commanding Officer as to the cleanliness 
and good order of the cells in her charge. 

Ques. 62:—How are the cells to be kept 
clean and who is required to do it? 

ANS.:—Every morning after the pris¬ 
oners have been taken to court the Door¬ 
man (Station House Attendant) is required 
to wash out the cells thoroughly. Between 
the times of such washings by the Doorman 
the Matron is required to see that the cells 
are kept clean. 

Ques. 63:—What is the duty of the Ma¬ 
tron with regard to her own room? 

ANS.:—She is required to clean it and 
keep it tidy. 

Ques. 64:—In the case of a sick, injured 
or helpless woman brought into the Sta¬ 
tion House, where and by whom is she to 
be treated? 

ANS.:—She is to be treated in a room 
other than the public sitting room, and is 
to be cared for only by the Matron or Sur¬ 
geon, except in cases where the interests 
of justice or humanity require the attend¬ 
ance of others. 

Ques. 65:—What is the duty of the Ma¬ 
tron in case a female in her charge becomes 
ill? 

ANS.:—The Matron shall notify the 
Commanding Officer, and he will send for a 
physician. 

Ques. 66:—Does the Matron have charge 
of any persons other than females? 

ANS.:—Yes, she also has charge of all 
children under the age of 16 years. 

Ques. 67:—When it is necessary to search 
a prisoner, what is the rule regarding pub¬ 
licity ? 

ANS.:—It is required that the search 
be made with as little publicity as possible. 


109 


Ques. 68:—Is the Matron required to keep 
any records regarding women and children? 

ANS.:—She is required to keep a writ¬ 
ten record of all women and children in her 
charge. 

Ques. 69:—What would you as a Matron 
do if you were taken ill and could not re¬ 
port for duty. 

ANS.:—Immediately notify the Com¬ 
manding Officer by telephone, so that he 
could secure a substitute. 

Ques. 70:—In case a woman with a nurs¬ 
ing baby is arrested for a misdemeanor, 
would you receive her and confine her in a 
cell, or what would you do? 

ANS.:—The rules provide that in such 
cases the woman should be sent to the 
prison ward of Bellevue Hospital. 

Ques. 71:—Suppose the woman is arrest¬ 
ed for a felony? 

ANS.:—In that case I would place her 
in the station house cell. 

Ques. 72:—What is done with female 
prisoners or children arrested in precincts 
where there is no Matron? 

ANS.:—They are taken to a precinct 
where there is a Matron. Such station 
houses have instructions as to what sta¬ 
tions to send such prisoners. 

Ques. 73:—Suppose that a female pris¬ 
oner actually or apparently under 16 years 
of age is arrested in a precinct where there 
is no Matron; what disposition is made of 
such prisoner? 

ANS.:—She is sent to the Society for the 
Prevention of Cruelty to Children. 

Ques. 74:—What do the rules require the 
Desk Lieutenant to do as soon as a female 
prisoner is brought into the station house? 

ANS.:—He must at once summon the ma¬ 
tron. 

Ques. 75:—What is the rule regarding 
the number of prisoners to be placed in a 
cell? 

ANS.:—The rule is that when it can be 
avoided, not more than one female prisoner 
shall occupy one cell. 

Ques. 76:—What is the rule regarding 
separation of male and female prisoners? 

ANS.:—It is that they must be kept in 
separate parts of the prison so that there 
can be no communication between them. 

Ques. 77:—A man has been brought into 
the station house charged with larceny and 
has been locked up in that section of the 
corridor set apart for male prisoners. His 
wife hearing of his arrest assaults the per¬ 
son who preferred charges against her hus¬ 
band, and is likewise arrested and brought 
into the station house. The wife pleads with 
you to allow her to occupy the same cell 
with her husband, on the ground that he 
is subject to heart failure when excited and 
that her presence would tend to soothe him. 
When you refuse, she asks that you at least 


place her in the cell next to his. What 
would you do? 

ANS.:—I would not grant the request, 
but if I thought the man really was subject 
to heart failure I would inform the Desk 
Lieutenant and recommend that a doctor 
be sent for to examine him. If I thought 
that the woman’s presence would really 
have a beneficial effect on her husband I 
would report the request to the Command¬ 
ing Officer, for his information in case he 
might wish to give a special instruction. 

Ques. 78:—A Central Office Detective 
comes into the corridor of the women’s 
prison and says that he has instructions to 
watch one of the prisoners. He says that 
you, as Matron, need pay no attention to 
him, but can go back to your room, in fact, 
that your presence would interfere with his 
plans. What rule would govern your ac¬ 
tions in such case? 

ANS.:—There is a rule that no officer, 
other than the Matron, shall be admitted to 
the corridor or cells where female prison¬ 
ers are confined unless sent there by special 
direction of the officer in charge of the sta¬ 
tion house, and then that he must be ac¬ 
companied by the Matron. I would instruct 
the Detective to see Commanding officer 
and would allow no violation of the rule 
unless ordered to do so. 

Ques. 79:—Into what room in the sta¬ 
tion house is a sick, injured or helpless 
woman to be taken, and by whom is she to 
be cared for? 

ANS.:—She is to be taken to a room 
other than the public sitting room. She is 
to be treated or cared for only by the Sur¬ 
geon or the Matron, except in cases where 
humanity or justice require the attendance 
of others. 

Ques. 80:—When it is necessary to exam¬ 
ine the clothing or body of a female, by 
whom shall the examination be made, un¬ 
der whose direction, and in what manner? 

ANS.:—The examination shall be made 
by the Matron, under orders of the Com¬ 
manding Officer, and it shall be done with 
the least possible publicity. 

Ques. 81:—What does the Penal Law 
provide regarding placing children with 
adults while under arrest? 

ANS.:—It provides that no child actually 
or apparently under 16 years of age shall be 
placed in a prison, or court room or vehicle 
of transportation in company with any adult 
charged with a crime. 

Ques. 82:—If a female prisoner actually 
or apparently under the age of 16 be arrest¬ 
ed and brought to a station house at an 
hour when the Children’s Court is not in 
session, what disposition is to be made of 
her? 

ANS.:—She is not to be locked up in the 
station house, but is to be taken to the So¬ 
ciety for the Prevention of Cruelty to Chil¬ 
dren in the borough in which the arrest is 
made. 


110 


Ques. 83 :—What disposition is to be made 
of male prisoners actually or apparently un¬ 
der the age of 16 years? 

ANS.:—The same as of female children. 

Ques. 84:—A woman is arrested and 
brought to a Manhattan station house at 
night, charged with a misdemeanor. What 
disposition is to be made of her? 

ANS.:—She is to be sent to the Night 
Court. 

Ques. 85:—What would be done if she 
were brought to a Bronx Station House? 

ANS.:—The same thing. 

Ques. 86:—What disposition is to be made 
of a woman charged with a felony who has 
been arrested at night? 

ANS.:—She is to be locked in the sta¬ 
tion house cell over night and taken to the 
nearest Magistrates’ Court the next morn¬ 
ing, no matter in what borough arrested. 

Ques. 87:—What would be done if she 
were charged with a misdemeanor and 
brought to a Brooklyn, Queens or Rich¬ 
mond station house? 

ANS.:—She would be locked up in a cell 
over night and sent to the nearest Magis¬ 
trates’ Court the next morning. 

Ques. 88:—Why should a woman charged 
with a misdemeanor in Brooklyn, Queens 
or Richmond be treated the same as a wom¬ 
an charged with a felony in Manhattan or 
the Bronx? 

ANS.:—She shouldn’t be. The reason is 
because there is no night court in Brook¬ 
lyn. Bronx prisoners are sent to the Night 
Court in Manhattan. 

Ques. 89:—Are Matrons subject to the 
same rules as Patrolmen? 

ANS.:—Yes. Although they have not the 
rank of Patrolman they are subject to all 
the general rules of the department. 

Ques. 90:—Who is the commanding offi¬ 
cer of the Matron? 

ANS.:—The Captain is her commanding 
officer, or whoever may be in command of 
the station house. 

Ques. 91:—You have a violent prisoner 
whom you are unable to force into a cell. 
To whom would you apply for assistance? 

ANS.:—I would apply to the Command¬ 
ing Officer, technically, but actually to the 
Lieutenant on Desk Duty. He represents 
the Commanding Officer in his absence or 
in cases not requiring the personal attention 
of the Commanding Officer. 

Ques. 92:—In case a prioner became ill 
and it was necessary to send for an ambu¬ 
lance, what means would you take to sum¬ 
mon the ambulance and how would you de¬ 
cide what hospital to call up? 

ANS.:—It would only be my duty to in¬ 
form him that in my opinion medical aid 
was needed. It would be for him to decide 
Whether the aid was needed and what hos¬ 
pital to call up on the ’phone. 


Ques. 93:—Suppose that a Sergeant came 
to. you and said he wished to speak to a 
prisoner arrested by one of the Patrolmen 
of the Squad of which that Sergeant was in 
charge. The Sergeant tells you that he be¬ 
lieves the Patrolman arrested the woman 
for spite, and he wishes to question the 
woman. What would be your course of ac¬ 
tion? 

ANS.:—I would tell him to get permis¬ 
sion from the Commanding Officer. 

Que£. 94;—Who performs the following 
duties in a station house: (a) Cleaning the 
cells of prisoners; (b) cleaning the Ma¬ 
tron’s room; (c) making the beds of the Pa¬ 
trolmen? 

ANS.:—The Patrolman assigned to duty 
as Station House Attendant cleans the cells, 
(b) The Matron takes care of her own 
room, (c) A woman is employed by the 
Patrolmen at their own expense to make 
the beds for them. 

Ques. 95:—Suppose that you were sud¬ 
denly taken ill and had to run to a drug 
store to get something for relief. You ask 
the woman who makes the beds to take 
your place for the few minutes that you ex¬ 
pect to be gone. If you consider that there 
would be any objection to your doing this, 
state why. 

ANS.:—I would have no right to do that, 
as the bed-maker is not a member of the 
Police Force. It would be my duty to ob¬ 
tain leave from the Commanding Officer, 
who would probably detail a Policeman to 
keep his eye on the female prison during 
my absence for so short a time. 

Ques. 96:—What do you consider to be 
the object of the rule requiring that a care¬ 
ful list be made of articles taken from a 
prisoner? 

ANS.:—These articles being the personal 
property of the prisoner, the removal of 
them from the person is only for purpose 
of temporary custody. It is necessary to 
make a careful list to insure that the prop¬ 
erty thus taken is returned without loss; 
also because it might be necessary to use 
some of the property as evidence. 

Ques. 97:—Among the articles you re¬ 
move from the person of a prisoner is a re¬ 
volver. What special note would you take, 
if any, of that? 

ANS.:—I would prefer a charge against 
the prisoner of carrying a dangerous weap¬ 
on, which is a felony. 

t M 

Ques. 98:—Among the articles you re¬ 
move is a small bottle the contents of 
which you are not familiar with. The pris¬ 
oner says it is for indigestion and asks to 
be permitted to retain it. What would you 
do? 

ANS.:—I would not allow her to retain 
it, because it might contain poison, and I 
would not allow a prisoner to administer 
any medicine to herself while in the prison 
unless under orders of a doctor. 


Ill 




Ques. 99:—A delicate woman, arrested for 
larceny, complains that she is worn out and 
needs sleep, but finds it impossible to se¬ 
cure any rest lying on the board, which is 
the only piece of furniture in the cell. She 
asks for bedding. What is the rule in a case 
of this kind, and what would you do? 

ANS.:—There is no rule governing a case 
of this kind, except that if the woman is so 
ill that she requires medical attention an 
ambulance must be sent for. There is no 
provision for furnishing prisoners with bed¬ 
ding. If I thought the woman was really 
suffering hardship, I might, of my own voli¬ 
tion, lend her some article for her to lie on. 
But it is not customary to do this, because 
prisoners may be diseased. 

Ques. 109:—What in your opinion is the 
essential difference in the treatment of a 
prisoner in a cell in a Police Station and a 
prisoner in a Penitentiary? 

ANS.:—The prisoner in a Police Station 
has not been convicted of a crime, but is 
only being detained pendiing trial in a court. 
He is not placed under any discipline be¬ 
yond that required in the interests of or¬ 
derliness, decency and safety. The pris¬ 
oner in a penitentiary has been convicted 
of a crime and is in the prison as a punish¬ 
ment. Such prisoner is kept under strict 
discipline. 

Ques. 101:—What is the rule regarding 
the disposition of a woman prisoner arrest¬ 
ed for a misdemeanor at night in Manhat¬ 
tan? 

ANS.:—She is taken to the Night Court 
instead of the station house. 

Ques. 102:—Is any distinction made in 
case she is in so intoxicated a condition as 
to be irresponsible? 

ANS.:—Yes; in such case it would be 
useless to take her to court. She would be 
taken to the station house and locked up 
until sober. 

Ques. 103:—When would you consider a 
prisoner to be so intoxicated as to be unfit 
to be taken to court? 

ANS.:—When not in a condition to un¬ 
derstand or answer questions or compre¬ 
hend court proceedings. 

Ques. 103^2 •*—A young woman is placed 
in your care charged with having accosted 
a man on the street. She is nearly hyster¬ 
ical. She tells you that she had been drink¬ 
ing at a wedding and only spoke to the man 
in a spirit of fun. She says she is a bank¬ 
er’s daughter, and gives you the name of 
one of the most prominent bankers in the 
city. She says she is engaged to be mar¬ 
ried and if her arrest becomes known her 
life will be ruined. She begs of you to re¬ 
lease her, with the assurance that her father 
will see the Captain and make it all right. 
What would you do, and why? 

ANS.:—I would do nothing. After an ar¬ 
rest has once been made and a charge pre¬ 
ferred no Police Officer can discharge the 
prisoner. Only a court can do that. But I 
would advise her to telephone to her father 
and have him bail her out. 


Ques. 104:—Owing to the prison being 
very crowded, you are obliged to place two 
women in one cell. On your next tour you 
find one of them lying on the floor groan¬ 
ing, with her skull bruised and bleeding. She 
accuses her cell-mate of having knocked 
her head against the wall o fthe cell during 
a quarrel. What would you do? 

ANS.:—Send for an ambulance and then 
have the injured woman prefer a charge of 
felonious assault against her cell-mate 
whom she accuses. 

Ques. 105:—What would you do in case 
the woman was unconscious and her cell¬ 
mate cliamed that the victim had knocked 
her head against the wall in an attempt to 
commit suicide? 

ANS.:—I would at once report the facts 
to the Commanding Officer. 

Ques. 106:—What in your opinion would 
the Commanding Officer do? 

ANS.:—He would question the suspect 
and have a charge of felonious assault pre¬ 
ferred against her in addition to the charge 
on which she was originally arrested. 

Ques. 107:—The Commanding Officer or¬ 
ders you to prefer a charge of felonious as¬ 
sault against the suspect, and you appear 
before the Magistrate and prefer the charge 
and testify as to the facts. What are you 
required to do upon your return from court 
to the station house? 

ANS.:—Write out a report on the disposi¬ 
tion of the case. 

Ques. 108:—Write a report such as you 
would make in this case, assuming such 
names and facts as you please. Sign the 
report Jane Doe. 

ANSWER: 

New York, Feb. 21, 1914. 
Commanding Officer, 

..Precinct. 

Sir: 

I have the honor to report the follow¬ 
ing: 

At 10 o’clock this morning, I accompanied 
Patrolman John Smith, Shield No. 400, who 
had in custody Mary Brown, charged with 
having feloniously assaulted Jane Anderson 
while occupying the same cell with her in 
the prison under my charge on the night 
of February 20, 1914. She was arraigned 
before Magistrate Jones in the Yorkville 
Police Court. I preferred a charge of felo¬ 
nious assault. She was remanded without 
bail to the City Prison pending the results 
or the injuries to Jane Anderson, who is ly¬ 
ing in Bellevue Hospital. 

Very respectfully, 

JANE DOE. 

Ques. 109:—State whether you would per¬ 
mit a prisoner to do the following in her 
cell, and give reasons: (a) Retain a deck of 
cards she has and play solitaire; (b) smoke 
cigarettes; (c) indulge in dancing; (d) read 
a book; (e) sing popular songs; (f) retain 
a bottle of smelling salts and use it freely. 

ANS.:—(a) To allow her to retain a deck 
of cards would be optional, as she could 
not gamble by herself, and there is no ob- 


112 



jection to innocent amusement. To play 
solitaire would be a harmless diversion. 

(b) While it is objectionable for a wom¬ 
an to smoke cigarettes, men are allowed 
to smoke in their cells and in the absence 
of any rule to the contrary the Matron 
could allow a woman to smoke in her cell. 

- (c) Would certainly try to stop her danc¬ 
ing, but if the prisoner were hilarious due 
to intoxication, if I could not persuade her 
to stop I would have to let her alone. 

(d) No objection to reading a book. It 
is desirable to have prisoners pass their 
time in such way. 

(e) As singing is more or less of a dis¬ 
turbance I would try to persuade her to 
stop. 

(f) No one uses smelling salts unless 
feeling the need of them, and there is no 
harm in their use. 

QUES. & ANS. ON DUTIES. 

Ques. 110:—State whether you would per¬ 
mit a prisoner to do the following: (a) 
send for 3 bottles of ginger ale and drink 
then in the cell; (b) retain a pocketbook 
containing money; (c) hang up a picture 
on the walls of the cell; (d) play a mouth- 
harp; (e) sleep on the floor instead of on 
the bench. 

ANS.:—(a) No harm in drinking ginger- 
ale. She is entitled to send for them if she 
has the money to pay for them. 

(b) Money and other valuables are re¬ 
tained by the Lieutenant at the desk at the 
time the prisoner is searched and not re¬ 
turned to prisoner until he leaves the pris¬ 
on, but upon request the Lieutenant would 
allow prisoner to send out to purchase an 
article for comfort or refreshment. 

(c) Would not allow pictures to be hung 
up in cells. There is no printed rule against 
it in Police Department, but it is forbidden 
in the rules of all City prisons. 

(d) Playing a mouth harp would be a dis¬ 
turbance. The mouth harp would be re¬ 
tained when prisoner was searched. 

(e) No objection to sleeping on the floor 
if prisoner prefers it. The bench is not 
much better. 

Ques. Ill:—What cases are sent to the 
Night Court? 

ANS.:—Generally speaking, all cases 
where a Magistrate has summary jurisdic¬ 
tion. and all cases of females charged with 
misdemeanors. 

Ques. 112:—What would you do in case 
you found a prisoner unconscious in her 
cell from no known cause? 

ANS.:—First send for an ambulance. Then 
examine the prisoner to ascertain cause, if 
possible, and make a written report on the 
circumstances. 

Ques. 113:—Write a report on an imag¬ 
inary case. Sign it Jane Doe. 

ANSWER: 

New York, March 7, 1914. 

Commanding Officer, 

-- Precinct. 

Sir: 

This morning at 7 o’clock when I made 

113 


my rounds I found lying on the floor of 
her cell, unconscious, Mary Lewis, home¬ 
less, 34 years, white, U. S., single. There 
was no evidence of its being due to any¬ 
thing self-administered or otherwise. I sent 
for an ambulance at once, and she was 
taken to the Hudson Street Hospital at 7:15 
A. M. 

JANE DOE. 

Ques. 114:—A prisoner in your charge 
tells you that she is a stranger and asks 
you to recommend a reliable lawyer. What 
would you do, and why? 

ANS.:—I would refuse to do it, as it is 
against the rules of the Department for a 
member of the Police Force to recommend 
a lawyer to a prisoner. 

Ques. 115:—During what hours are places 
where concerts are given required to be kept 
closed? 

ANS.:—They are required to close at 
midnight and must not open again for pub¬ 
lic purposes before 5 A. M. 

Ques. 116:—What is the law on the sub¬ 
ject of theatrical performances in public li¬ 
censed places on Sunday? 

ANS.:—It is forbidden to give on Sunday 
in any place licensed by the Police Com¬ 
missioner any theatrical performance, min¬ 
strelsy, dancing, entertainment, juggling, or 
other similar performance. 

Ques. 117:—What is the law regarding 
sale of liquors in concert halls or other 
places of amusement licensed by the Police 
Commissioner? 

ANS.:—It is unlawful to sell, give away, 
deliver or permit to be sold any intoxicat¬ 
ing liquors in such places between midnight 
on Saturday and 5 A. M. on Monday. 

Ques. 118:—What is the law regarding 
females acting as waitresses at peHorm- 
ances in places licensed by the Police Com¬ 
missioner? 

ANS.:—It is unlawful to permit any fe¬ 
male to furnish refreshments or wait on 
guests in any public place of amusement li¬ 
censed by the Police Commissioner. 

Oues. 119:—What is the law regarding fe¬ 
male performers in places of amusement 
mixing with the audience? 

ANS.:—It is unlawful for them to mix 
with the audience in a place of amusement 
licensed by the Police Commissioner. 

* ' O L 

Ques. 120:—What places do you under¬ 
stand to be included in the phrase, “public: 
places of amusement licensed by the Police 1 
Commissioner”? 

ANS.:—A public place of amusement is a 
place where performances or dancing or 
skating or other forms of amusement are in¬ 
dulged in, where it is done as a business 
for profit, and where the general public is 
admitted. It does not matter whether an 
admission fee is charged or whether the 
revenue is derived by the sale of drinks or 
other indirect method. 



Ques. 121:—What is the duty of a peace 
officer who sees an act of cruelty performed 
to an animal, or whose attention is called 
to such act by a citizen? 

ANS.:—It is his or her duty to arrest the 
offender and arraign him before the nearest 
Magistrate. 

Ques. 122:—If you saw a person abandon¬ 
ing an animal to die, would you be required 
to take any notice of it? 

ANS.:—Yes; it would be my duty to ar¬ 
rest him and charge him with cruelty to ani¬ 
mals. 

Ques. 123:—If you saw a pickpocket 
throw away a handbag and you picked it up, 
what disposition would you be required to 
make of it? 

ANS.:—All property coming into the pos¬ 
session of members of the Police Force is 
required to be turned over to the Property 
Clerk at Police Headquarters. It would 
also be my duty to give to my Commanding 
Officer a written accurate description of 
each article, noting all marks by which it 
might be identified, such as the make and 
number of the works of a watch, etc. 

Ques. 124:—What provision of law is 
there regarding selling candies on the 
street? 

ANS.:—It is illegal to sell candies on the 
street unless they are kept covered to pro¬ 
tect them from dust and dirt. 

Ques. 125:—What is the duty of a Police 
Officer who finds a lost child or foundling 
on his post? 

ANS.:—It is his duty to make inquiry in 
the neighborhood, and if he is unable to 
learn the parentage of such child he is to 
bring it to the station house and place it in 
charge of the Matron. 

Ques. 126:—What is done after the child 
reaches the station house? 

ANS.:—An accurate description is writ¬ 
ten of the child, its clothing, etc., and the 
circumstances under which it was found. It 
is- then sent to some designated institution 
and there delivered to some person desig¬ 
nated by the Commissioner of Charities 
to' receive such children. 

Oues. 127:—What is done in case‘a citizen 
finds a foundling and turns it over to a 
member of the Police Force? 

ANS-:—Such citizen is required to ac¬ 
company the officer to the station house 
and make affidavit as to the circumstances 
of discovering the foundling. The found¬ 
ling is then sent to the New York Foundling 
Asylum. 

Ques. 128:—Does the law prescribe any 
penalty for persons who obstruct officers 
of the Society for the Prevention of Cru¬ 
elty to children in the performance of their 
duty? 

ANS.:—Yes; it is a misdemeanor. 

Ques. 129:—What is the duty of the Desk 
Lieutenant with regard to notifications in 

m 


case of lost children or foundlings brought 
to the station house? 

ANS.:—It is his duty to promptly tele¬ 
phone a description of such child to Police 
Headquarters. 

Oues. 130:—What is the object of that? 

ANS.:—So that Headquarters will be in 
a position to answer inquiries from persons 
seeking lost children. 

Ques. 131:—What records are kept of lost 
children at station houses? 

ANS.:—Age, sex, color, clothing, etc.; 
the disposition in each case, and the nation¬ 
ality, residence, etc., of parents who claim 
them. 

Ques. 132:—If a person comes to the sta¬ 
tion house and claims a lost child, what pre¬ 
cautions are taken before surrendering the 
child? 

ANS.:—A Police officer is sent to the res¬ 
idence claimed by such person. He inquires 
there to ascertain whether the child be¬ 
longs to the person and satisfies himself 
that the person is entitled to claim the child. 

Ques. 133:—What disposition is made of 
a child over two years of age? 

ANS.:—If it is not claimed before 9 P. 
M., it is placed in charge of the Depart¬ 
ment of Charities. 

Ques. 134:—What disposition is made of 
a child over two years of age? 

ANS.:—If it is not claimed before 9 P. 
M., it is placed in charge of the Society 
for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children. 
A pedigree of the child is sent with it. 

Ques. 135:—What is the duty of a mem¬ 
ber of the Police Force who sees a horse 
with sores driven? 

ANS.:—Have the harness removed and 
examine the fitness of the animal. If it ap¬ 
pears to be unfit, or exhausted or over¬ 
worked, arrest the driver. Promptly tele¬ 
phone to the Society for the Prevention of 
Cruelty to Animals. Also telephone to the 
Chief Inspector or Borough Inspector so 
that he can send an officer to examine the 
animal and assist in the prosecution in the 
Magistrate’s Court. The officer making the 
arrest should also apply to Magistrate for 
a summons on which to arrest the owner 
of the animal. 

Ques. 136:—What is the difference be¬ 
tween a subpoena and a warrant? 

ANS.:—A subpoena is a written order 
of a court requiring a person to appear as 
a witness. A warrant is a written order of 
a court requiring a person to appear as a 
defendant. 

Ques. 137:—What does the law require a 
person to do after serving a subpoena? 

ANS.:—The person serving the subpoena 
must without delay make an affidavit stat¬ 
ing the date, hour and place the service was 
made and deliver it to the court that issued 
the subpoena. 



. p«", “fcff* "• 

4 N SS°,srs ,l s,i?*s«srg! 

crimes. 


Ques. 139:—While a prisoner in your 
charge is occupying a cell a large piece of 
plaster falls from the ceiling and strikes the 
prisoner on the head, rendering her uncon¬ 
scious. Why should it be important to 
make careful note of all the details? 

A 1 NS J : T B ^ caus ? the Cit y would likely be 
made defendant in an action for damages. 


Ques. 140:—What is a Public Dancing 
Academy? 

ANS.:—A place where dancing is carried 
on and admission is charged, or where a 
charge is made for checking, or where liq¬ 
uors are sold, even if there is no admission 
fee or checking charge. This does not ap¬ 
ply to hotels having over 50 bed rooms, 
nor to dance halls where people pay admis¬ 
sion but do not dance. 


Ques. 141:—What is the law regarding 
the sale of intoxicants in places where danc¬ 
ing is taught? 

ANS.:—No intoxicating liquors shall be 
served in a public dance hall where danc¬ 
ing is taught. 

Ques. 142:—Who licenses dancing acade¬ 
mies? 

ANS.:—The Mayor’s Bureau of Licenses. 

Ques. 143:—What is the penalty for dis¬ 
orderly or immoral acts in dancing acad¬ 
emies? 

ANS.:—Forfeiture of the license. 


Ques. 144:—Under what conditions may 
a child under 16 years enter Moving Picture 
Shows? 

ANS.:—They must be attended by a par¬ 
ent or guardian, or an adult relative or 
friend of a parent or guardian, with the 
consent of the parent or guardian. 

Ques. 145:—What is the rule regarding 
conversation with prisoners while in their 
cells? 

ANS.:—No member of the Police Force, 
except the Commissioner, a Deputy Com¬ 
missioner or an Inspector, is allowed to con¬ 
verse with a female prisoner in her cell, 
and then only in the presence of the Ma¬ 
tron. 

Ques. 146:—At what age, according to 
law, is a child incapable of committing a 
crime? 

ANS.:—According to law, a child under 
the age of 7 is incapable of committing a 
crime. 

Ques. 147:—Is a child between the age of 
7 and 12 capable of committing a crime, 
according to law? 

ANS.:—A child between 7 and 12 may or 
may not be considered capable of commit¬ 
ting a crime. It may be adjudged capable 
if it can be shown that the child was aware 
of the wrongfulness of the act. 


Ques. 148: What value, if any, has the 
^ es t 1 / non y of a child under 12 years of age? 

ANS.:—It may or may not have legal 
value, depending upon whether it can be 
shown that the child understands the mean¬ 
ing of testimony. No conviction may be 
obtained on the uncorroborated testimony 
of a child under 12, and the child cannot be 
placed under oath, but its testimony may be 
received and given such weight as it may 
appear to be entitled to. 


Ques. 149:—In order for a dying state¬ 
ment to have value as evidence, what is 
necessary as regards the condition of the 
person making the statement? 

ANS.:—Unless it made by a person who 
has no hope of recovery it has no value 
as evidence. 


Ques. 150:-—Suppose that a female in your 
charge is dying as the result of an assault; 
what questions would you consider it im¬ 
portant to ask her in order to obtain evi¬ 
dence to serve the ends of justice? 

ANS.:—First ask whether she believes 
she is about to die and whether she is will¬ 
ing to make a true statement. Then ask 
her name and address, and take down tes¬ 
timony as to the circumstances of receiv¬ 
ing her injury. If possible, have her sign 
the statement. There should also be wit¬ 
nesses, if possible. 

Ques. 151:—Suppose that in consideration 
of service rendered by you in securing a 
confession from a prisoner you were of¬ 
fered a reward; what is the rule governing 
such offers? 

ANS.:—The rule is that no reward or 
gratuity may be accepted without permis¬ 
sion of the Police Commissioner. 


Ques. 152:—What would you do if you 
received an anonymous letter relating to 
police duty? 

ANS.:—Turn it over to my Commanding 
Officer. 


Ques. 153:—At what ages and up to what 
hour at night may children sell newspapers 
on the street? 

ANS.:—No male under 10 and no female 
under 16 years may sell newspapers on the 
street, and not after 10 P. M. 

Ques. 154:—Under what conditions may 
a male child between 10 and 14 years of 
age thus sell newspapers on the street? 

ANS.:—'He must hold a permit from the 
Board of Education or a District Superin¬ 
tendent. The permit 4 bears names, date, 
place of birth, description of the child, sig¬ 
nature of the child and a badge number 
that corresponds with the number written 
on the permit. 

Ques. 155:—What charges would you pre¬ 
fer against a female arrested for the fol¬ 
lowing, and state in each case whether the 
crime is a misdemeanor or a felony: (a) 
soliciting for immoral purposes; (b) dis¬ 
guising her sex; (c) neglect of her child; 
(d) shoplifting; (e) stealing $20 worth of 


115 


silverware from a house where she is em¬ 
ployed as a domestic; (f) stealing a dia¬ 
mond ring valued at $49.99 from a house 
where she is employed as a domestic; (g) 
opening a window at night and entering a 
house and stealing a dress valued at $49.99; 
(h) intoxicated on the street; (i) having a 
child which steals; (j) beating her child in 
a manner liable to injure its health; (k) 
leaving her baby on a door step; (1) allow¬ 
ing her 12-year-old girl to stay away from 
school? 

ANS.:—(a) Disorderly conduct (misde¬ 
meanor. (b) Disorderly conduct, (c) Im¬ 
proper guardianship (misdemeanor). (d) 
I L * she stole less than $50 worth, Petit Lar¬ 
ceny (misdemeanor); if over $50 worth, 
Grand Larceny (felony), (e) Petit Larceny, 
(f) Petit Larceny, (g) Burglary (felony), 
(h) Disorderly conduct, (i) Juvenile De¬ 
linquency (misdemeanor), (j) Cruelty to 
Children (misdemeanor). (k) Abandon¬ 
ment (felony). (1) Improper Guardianship 
(misdemeanor). 

Ques. 156:—Suppose that you found it 
necessary to arrest a man or woman who 
resisted you and with whose strength you 
could not cope, what right, if any, would 
you have to compel private citizens to as¬ 
sist you in making the arrest? 

ANS.:—No person may refuse to assist 
an officer in making an arrest, when called 
upon to do so, unless he is physically un¬ 
able. 

Ques. 157:—Is there any rule regarding 
a Police Officer giving out information re¬ 
garding Police orders received at the sta¬ 
tion house? 

ANS.:—It is against the rules to give out 
any such information unless under direction 
of the Commanding Officer or his supe¬ 
riors. 

Ques. 158:—A daily newspaper publishes 
a sensational account of your having vis¬ 
ited a fortune teller and obtained evidence 
against her in a very improper manner, re¬ 
flecting seriously upon your character.. Is 
there any rule against your writing a let¬ 
ter of denial to the newspaper, or demand¬ 
ing a retraction? Would you be at lib¬ 
erty to bring an action for libel? 

ANS.:—It is against the rule for Police 
Officers to give interviews for publication 
in newspapers or to write letters to news¬ 
papers without the sanction of the Com¬ 
missioner. It is against the rules to bring 
an action, arising out of police duty, for 
damages without the approval of the Police 
Commissioner. 

Ques. 159:—-In writing a letter to the Po¬ 
lice Commissioner, how is it required to be 
sent? 

ANS.:—It is required to be addressed 
“To the Police Commissioner (Through 
Official Channels)” and is to be handed to 
your Commanding Officer to - be forwarded. 
He sends it to the Inspector, and the In¬ 
spector forwards it to the Chief Inspec¬ 
tor, who delivers it to the Police Commis¬ 
sioner. 


Ques. 160:—Assuming such facts as you 
please, write a letter to the Police Commis¬ 
sioner requesting permission to bring an 
action for libel for defamation of charac¬ 
ter. Sign the letter Jane Doe. 

ANSWER: 

New York, June 19, 1914. 

Police Commissioner, 

(Through Official Channels.) 

Sir: 

I respectfully report that on May 9, 1914, 
the New York News published the enclosed 
account of my arrest of Angela Sued for 
fortune telling. These allegations, as were 
established in the Court of General Ses¬ 
sions by the testimony of witnesses and 
through the conviction of said Angela Suc- 
ci, are false and highly defamatory of my 
character, and as they were given wide cir¬ 
culation have done me great injury. 

I respectfully request permission to bring 
an action for $50,000 damages against said 
newspaper for dafamation of character. 

Very respectfully, 

JANE DOE. 

Ques. 161:—You are detailed to the De¬ 
tective Division and are sent to obtain evi¬ 
dence against a mental healer who offers to 
cure people of all diseases at $2 per treat¬ 
ment. Assuming such facts as you please, 
write a report of how you proceeded to ob¬ 
tain evidence, together with the results, end¬ 
ing in arrest- Sign it Jane Doe. 

ANSWER: 

New York, June 26, 1914. 

Deputy Commissioner in Charge of Detec¬ 
tive Division, 

Police Headquarters. 

Sir: 

I respectfully report as follows: 

On June 2, 1914, under your orders, I 
called on James Cloak, a mental healer, with 
office in Room 420 Skyloft Building at 800 
Ann street. 

I informed him that I had a cancer of 
the stomach that was very painful and that 
although I had been doctoring for years 
and had had many physicians, none of them 
had helped me any, and my condition was 
growing worse daily. 

I asked him if he could cure me and told 
him I did not want to spend any more mon¬ 
ey unless he could promise results. 

He said that he had cured many such 
cases where physicians had failed and said 
that no medicines were necessary, as Christ 
would heal me. All that would be neces¬ 
sary would be that I should have faith, so 
the divine spirit could heal me. He said 
that he was living in Christ and that he 
would give me treatment at $2 a visit, or 
if not convenient to call he could give me 
absent treatments, which were just as ef¬ 
fective, as Christ could heal regardless of 
distance. 

I paid him $6 in advance for three absent 
treatments, for which he gave me a re- 


116 


ceipt, which I hold. He made no examina¬ 
tion of me. On June 16 I called on him 
and reported that I felt no better. He said 
it was due to lack of faith and advised me 
to take three more treatments, assuring 
me that he could cure me if I would fol¬ 
low his directions. 

I thereupon arrested him for practicing 
medicine without a license. He was ar¬ 
raigned before Magistrate Jones in the Jef¬ 
ferson Market Court o njune 16, and held 
for trial in the Court of Special Sessions 
under $500 bail. 

Respectfully submitted, 

JANE DOE. 


Ques. 162:—Write a letter of about 150 
words giving your opinion of the advisabil¬ 
ity of the City employing Policewomen. 
Do not sign any name or number to this 
letter. 

ANSWER: 

New York, July 3, 1914. 
Municipal Civil Service Commission, 

City of New York. 

Gentlemen: 

In my opinion it would be very desir¬ 
able for the City to employ Policewomen. 
The number of women brought into the 
criminal courts is evidence of the need for 
Policewomen. It is more appropriate for 
women to deal with members of their own 
sex, and they could also do it more effec¬ 
tively because they understand them better 
than male officers can. 

A Policewoman would do more to pre¬ 
vent crime than a male officer, who in most 
cases considers it his duty merely to make 
arrests after a crime has been committed. 
Policewomen could save many indiscreet 
young girls from going on the wrong path, 
and do timely preventive work with chil¬ 
dren. 

A woman prisoner will more readily con¬ 
fide in a woman officer than in a male 
officer, and in this way a Policewoman could 
often serve to further the ends of justice. 

Respectfully submitted, 

Hues. 163:—With what crime would a 
prostitute arrested for soliciting on the 
street be charged? 

ANS.:—Disorderly Conduct. 

Ques. 164:—Is there any rule to be ob¬ 
served when a Matron changes her resi- 

d *ANS •—All members of the Police Force 
are required when changing residence to 
report, within 24 hours, their change of ad¬ 
dress to the Precinct station where attached 
aid at the station house of the Precinct to 
which and from which they have moved. 

Cues. 165:—What would you do if you 
found a lost child in the street while on 

^"-TaL^ciiargTof the child and de- 
liver it to the nearest Patrolman. 

Oues 166:—Name the Criminal Courts 
of nIw York City and state briefly what 
kind of cases are tried in each. 


ANS.: —Magistrates’ Court—For minor 
offenses, such as disorderly conduct. 

Special Sessions Court—For misdemean¬ 
or cases of a more serious nature than the 
petty offenses tried in Magistrates’ Courts. 

General Sessions—For both misdemeanor 
and felony cases and also including crimes 
punishable by death. 

Supreme Court—For any kind of crime. 
Coroners’ Courts—For hearing evidence 
in cases of persons who have met violent 
or unexplained deaths requiring investiga¬ 
tion to determine whether a crime has been 
committed. 

County Courts—For trying any kind of 
criminal case, except that some of them 
cannot try a case where the death penalty 
is involved. 

Ques. 167:—How many classes of crime 
are there, and in how many different gen¬ 
eral ways is crime punishable? 

ANS.:—All crimes are either felonies or 
misdemeanors. Crimes are punishable eith¬ 
er by fine, imprisonment or death. 

Ques. 168:—If you were told to serve a 
warrant calling for the arrest of Jane Doe, 
what would you do? 

ANS.:—Obtain the fullest possible de¬ 
scription of the person to be arrested, and 
if possible to have someone accompany me 
who could identify her. 

Ques. 169:—When is a warrant made out 
in the name of Jane Doe? 

ANS.:—When a crime has been commit¬ 
ted by a person whose name is unknown. 

Ques. 170:—As a Peace Officer, could 
you leave the limits of Greater New York 
in order make an arrest? Could you pursue 
a prisoner to Yonkers? To Jersey City? 

ANS.:—A Peace Officer has the power to 
make arrests in any county of the State. I 
could pursue a prisoner to Yonkers but 
not to Jersey City, because a New York 
State Peace Officer has no powers in an¬ 
other state. 

Ques. 171:—What degree of force has a 
Matron the right to use in order to subdue 
a prisoner? 

ANS.:—Every Peace Officer has the right 
to use any degree of force necessary to ef¬ 
fect an arrest in the lawful performance 
of duty, but it is not allowable to use more 
force than necessary. 

Ques. 172:—Under what circumstances is 
it justifiable to make an arrest at all times? 

ANS.:—It is at all times justifiable to 
make an arrest on a warrant, or for a crime 
committed in the presence of the officer, 
or of a person suspected of having commit¬ 
ted a felony, provided that a felony has in 
fact been committed even if it is not cer¬ 
tain that the person about to be arrested 
committed it. 

Ques. 173:—What charge would you pre- 
fei against a prisoner who attempted suicide 
in her cell? 

ANS.:—I would charge her with Attempt¬ 
ed Suicide and Felonious Assault. 




117 


DUTIES or POLICE MATRONS. 


Matrons receive female prisoners and 
children who are brought into the station 
house and are responsible for their care. 
They are Prisop Keepers, except in so far 
as children and sick women are concerned. 

In misdemeanor cases female prisoners 
are sent to the Night Court immediately 
upon arrest, in Manhattan. In felony cases 
they are locked up in the station house cells 
over night and are taken to the nearest 
Magistrate’s Court the next morning. 

There is no Night Court in the other 
boroughs, and in Brooklyn, Queens and 
Richmond all prisoners are locked up in 
the cells overnight. Bronx prisoners are 
taken to the Night Court in Manhattan. 

Matrons are subject to the same rules as 
Patrolmen. The commander of the pre¬ 
cinct is their commanding officer. Most of 
their dealings, however, are with the Desk 
Lieutenant. 

If they need the assistance of a Patrol¬ 
man to subdue a prisoner, they ask the 
Desk Lieutenant. If they need to send for 
an ambulance they report it to the Desk 
I.ieutenant, and if in his judgment an am¬ 
bulance is necessary, he sends for one. He 
is their superior officer. Matrons have no 
duties in connection with Sergeants; only 
with the Desk Lieutenant or Captain. 

Matrons have a room of their own, which 
they must take care of, but they have no 
other cleaning duties. The Doormen clean 
the cells, etc. They do not make the beds 
of the Policemen. The beds are made by 
a woman employed by the Policemen. 

The first thing a Matron must do is to 
search the prisoner thoroughly. No bottle 
or medicine of any kind must remain in 
the possession of the prisoner, as a pre¬ 
ventive to suicide. No pen-knife, scis¬ 
sors, hatpin, or other article with which 
bodily damage could be inflicted. Money 
and other valuables, papers, etc., are left 
at the desk with the Lieutenant. A careful 
list must be made, including every article 
taken away. 

The only furniture in the cells is a board, 
just wide enough to sleep on. No bedding 
is provided, nor even a pillow; but the 
cells are steam-heated. In most station 
houses there is a toilet in the cell, but not 
running water or wash-basin. 


Prisoners are allowed to read in their 
cells or do anything they please for their 
own recreation. They may eat all they 
please, but no food is provided. If they 
have money they can ask the Matron to 
send out for something to eat, which the 
Matron will do. They can also send for 
a pillow or any article of comfort. Some¬ 
times Matrons lend their own pillow to a 
prisoner in a weak condition, but not often. 
If she chooses, the Matron can lend the 
prisoner a blanket, a book, or other such 
article. 

Whether or not to allow^ a female pris¬ 
oner to smoke cigarettes is a matter of 
option with the Matron. There is no rule 
against it. Men are allowed to smoke in 
their cells. 

Under no circumstances is liquor allowed. 

Prisoners in a station house cell have not 
yet been convicted of a crime; therefore, 
the only punishment they are under is con¬ 
finement pending arraignment before a 
Magistrate. But during that confinement 
they are allowed nothing that might enable 
them to injure themselves or others. If 
a loaded revolver be found on a prisoner, 
the Matron must prefer a charge for it. 
If a prisoner attempts suicide, a charge 
must be preferred. 

There is a strict rule against a Patrol¬ 
man searching a woman prisoner, but if a 
Matron could not compel a woman to al¬ 
low her to disrobe her for search, she 
would certainly ask the Desk Lieutenant for 
a Patrolman to assist her. It would be up 
to the Lieutenant to grant it or refuse. 

Matrons take charge of boys up to 16 
years of age. 

The “pedigree” of prisoners is not taken 
by the Matron, but by the Desk Lieuten¬ 
ant, and after taking the pedigree the 
prisoner is turned over to the Matron to 
be searched and locked up. But in special 
cases, as lost children or a hysterical 
woman, the Lieutenant asks the Matron to 
take the pedigree. 

If Matrons furnish prisoners or children 
with tea, coffee, bandages, smelling salts, 
etc., it is at their own expense. The Po¬ 
lice Department furnishes no supplies, al¬ 
though formerly bandages were provided. 


118 




RULES FOR MATRONS. 


RULE 47. 


1. While on duty Matrons shall be con¬ 
stantly at the Station House and ready at 
a ll times to perform any and all service 
within their province as Police Matrons. 
Matrons shall at all times when on duty be 
subject to the orders of the Officer in com¬ 
mand of the Station House. 

2. A separate room will be provided for 
the special use and accommodation of the 
Police Matrons. Members of the Police 
Force are prohibited from visiting or talk¬ 
ing with Matrons during their tours of duty. 
Matrons shall not be allowed to receive vis¬ 
itors while in the Station House except in 
the main office, and then only by permis¬ 
sion of the officer in command. Matrons 
shall be responsible for the good order and 
cleanliness of their own rooms and the 
prison for females, except as indicated be¬ 
low. 

3. The officers in command at Station 
Houses shall cause women held under ar¬ 
rest to be kept separate and apart from 
the cells, corridors and apartments of males 
under arrest and shall prevent any com¬ 
munication between men and women there¬ 
in confined except with the consent of the 
officer in command. 


4. When a woman prisoner is brought to 
the Station House the officer in command 
shall at once call the Matron to make the 
necessary searches and perform such other 
service in connection with the arrest as may 
be required. When a woman prisoner is 
held, she shall be conducted to a cell by or 
in the presence of the Matron, and remain 
in her charge while so confined. 

5. Not more than one female prisoner 
shall be confined in one cell when circum¬ 


stances so permit. 

6. The locks upon the doors of the cor¬ 
ridors and cells of the female prisoners shall 
differ in size and pattern from all other 
locks used at the Station. Their good con¬ 
dition and security shall be reported on 
daily by the Matron to the Commanding 
Officer of the Precinct. 

7. The Matron on duty shall visit the cells 
occupied by women prisoners at least once 
in each thirty minutes, except during the 
lunch hour, and oftener if the condition of 
the prisoner or prisoners shall require it, 
and she shall be responsible for the safe 
keeping of all such women prisoners, sub¬ 
ject to the direction of the Officer in com¬ 
mand, and at the expiration of her tour of 
duty shall enter in a book kept for that pur¬ 


pose, in her own handwriting, a report 
showing the time of each visit, the condi¬ 
tion and requests of the prisoners, such en¬ 
try to be inspected and certified to by the 
Lieutenants on desk duty at the expiration 
of their tours of desk duty. 

8. The Matron on duty shall report at 
the beginning of each tour to the Officer 
in command as to the cleanliness and good 
order of the cells under her charge. 

9. Once every morning, after prisoners 
have been taken to Court, Doormen will 
wash out the female prison thoroughly. 
Otherwise the Matron will keep the prison 
and her own room clean and be responsible 
therefor. 

10. Any sick, injured or helpless woman 
prisoner who may be conveyed to the Sta¬ 
tion House shall be taken to a room other 
than the public sitting-room and there be 
treated and cared for only by a Surgeon 
and the Matron on duty, except in cases 
when the interest of humanity or justice 
shall require the attendance of others. 

11. When, in the opinion of the Matron 
on duty, any woman prisoner is ill, or in¬ 
sane, she shall at once notify the Officer in 
command and he shall summon a physician. 

12. The Matron on duty shall have charge 
of all women and girls received in the Sta¬ 
tion House as prisoners, or otherwise, and 
also of lost children. 

13. When the examination of the person 
or clothing of a woman prisoner, or other 
female in the temporary charge of the Po¬ 
lice, shall be deemed necessary, such ex¬ 
amination shall be made only by the Ma¬ 
tron on duty, under direction of the Officer 
in command, and with the least possible 
publicity. 

14. The Matrons shall keep a written rec¬ 
ord of all women and children under their 
charge. 

15. Matrons, when detained from duty by 
illness, shall notify the Officer in command 
of their Precinct and he shall immediately, 
apply for a substitute. 

16. Tours of duty for Matrons are from 
8 A. M. to 6 P. M., and from 6 P. M., to 
8 A. M., changing weekly by one Matron 
remaining on duty from 8 A. M. Sunday 
to 8 A. M. Monday. 

17. No Matron shall remain on night duty 
more than two weeks consecutively. 

18. Matrons will be allowed one hour for 
dinner, daily; and on Sunday one hour for 
dinner and one hour fpr supper. 

19. Matrons will be allowed one day off 
duty each month. 


119 



SPECIAL PATROLMEN. 


RULE 55. 

1. Special Patrolmen are under supervi¬ 
sion of a Deputy Police Commissioner and 
direct control of the Chief Inspector. 

2. No person is eligible to appointment as 
special patrolman unless he has been a resi¬ 
dent of New York State for one year next 
preceding his appointment. 

3. No. appointment of a special patrolman 
will be made for a longer period than one 
year; but appointment is renewable on ap¬ 
plication. 

4. Each special patrolman appointed by 
the Police Commissioner possesses the 
powers of a patrolman in the Police Force, 
so far as the duty and right to arrest is con¬ 
cerned (Charter, Section 308). He shall 
co-operate with and aid the Police Force 
in its efforts to detect crime and in the 
arrest of criminals. 

5. Each special patrolman is required to 
take the following oath: 

“I do swear that I am a citizen of the 
United States and will support the Con¬ 
stitution of the United States and the 
Constitution of the State of New York, 

. and well and faithfully discharge the 
duties of special patrolman of The City 
of New York.” 

6. As badge of authority, each special 
patrolman will be provided with the author¬ 
ized shield and cap device, which will be 
issued by the Chief Clerk of the Police De¬ 
partment on deposit of $10.00 when the 
candidate is duly appointed and sworn by 
said Chief Clerk. These shields and cap 
device shall be numbered and recorded. 

7. The deposit will be returned upon sur¬ 
render of a receipt therefor and of shield 
and cap device, when the appointee ceases 
to be a special patrolman. 

8. Special patrolmen shall promptly notify 
the Police Commissioner of any change of 
residence. 

9. Persons arrested by a special patrol¬ 
man shall be immediately taken by him to 
the station house of the Precinct in which 
the arrest is made and an entry there made 
in the same manner as in all cases of ar¬ 
rest. Special mention shall be made of the 
place where the officer making the arrest 
is performing duty and for whom ap¬ 
pointed. 

10. Every special patrolman shall report 
at the station house of the Precinct in which 
he is doing duty, between the first and tenth 
day of each month, and shall at the same 
time file at the station house, on blanks 
provided for that purpose, a statement from 
his employer certifying that he is still in 
the employ of the person or corporation 
for whom he was appointed, that he has 
been paid his salary in advance for the 
current month, and also showing the place 
at which he did duty during the preceding 
month; except a special patrolman employed 
by a corporation to perform duty in various 
parts of the City (such as the Interborough 


Rapid Transit Company, the Holmes Elec¬ 
tric Protective Company, etc.), who shall 
ieport between the first and tenth day of 
each month at Police Headquarters and file 
a certificate from his employer stating that 
he is still in his employ and has been paid 
his salary in advance for the current month. 

11. Special patrolmen shall be in uniform 
when reporting as above required, or show 
written authority from the Police Com¬ 
missioner for not being in uniform. 

12. In all cases wherein a special patrol¬ 
man has been discharged or removed, he 
shall return his shield to the Chief Clerk 
of the Police Department, who shall report 
thereon to the Police Commissioner. 

13. Every special patrolman, unless spe¬ 
cially excused by the Police Commissioner 
or a Deputy, will be REQUIRED TO 
WEAR WHILE ON DUTY A UNIFORM 
prescribed by the Department. 

14. No special patrolman will be permit¬ 
ted to perform duty for any person or cor¬ 
poration other than the one for whom he 
was appointed, nor at any place except the 
place designated in the application for his 
appointment, except by special permis¬ 
sion in writing from the Police Commis¬ 
sioner. 

15. Uniforms to be worn by special pa¬ 
trolmen shall be as follows, except for the 
L. I. R. R. and the Interborough R. R.: 

16. For WINTER a double-breasted 
sack coat of standard gray cloth, all wool, 
and with short turn-over collar, to button 
up close to the chin and reach to a point 
midway between hip and knee, with five 
buttons of white metal, bearing the words, 
“Special Patrolman” in sunken letters, for 
each breast; no pockets to show on the 
outside. 

17. OVERCOAT, double-breasted sack, 
to be of same color, heavier weight, rolling 
collar, coat to extend three inches below 
the bend of the knee and to button with six 
buttons of the style described above on 
each side; no pockets to show on the out¬ 
side. Winter trousers shall be of the same 
material. 

18. For SUMMER, gray flannel sack 
coat, single-breasted, of same shade, roll¬ 
ing collar, five buttons of the style de¬ 
scribed above. Summer trousers of the 
same material. 


j. 3. oi tne same shade and material 

as the rest of the uniform, bell top, three 
and three-quarter inches high all around, 
with straight visor of patent leather, and 
patent leather band, held at each end by 
small white metal buttons of the style de- 
scnbed above; in front of the cap the 
officer s number and the words “Special 
Patrolman in white metal, the device to be 
in accordance with pattern at Police Head¬ 
quarters. 

20. HELMET of pearl gray felt, height 
of crown, five and one-half inches, width of 
brim, two and one-quarter inches, front and 


120 



rear, and tapering to one and one-quarter 
inches on each side, light drab colored en¬ 
ameled leather band, five-sixteenths of an 
inche in width, edge of brim bound with 
same kind of leather five-sixteenths of an 


inch in depth, as per sample at Police 
Headquarters. 

21. Non-compliance with any of the pro¬ 
visions of these rules will make the offender 
liable to a revocation of his appointment. 


TRAFFIC REGULATIONS. 


RULES FOR DRIVING AND THE 
REGULATION OF STREET 
TRAFFIC. 

Article I. Importance of Keeping to the 
Right, Passing, Turning, Crossing 
and Stopping. 

Sec. 1. A vehicle, except when passing 
a vehicle ahead, shall keep as near the right- 
hand curb as possible. 

Sec. 2. A vehicle meeting another shall 
pass on the right. 

Sec. 3. A vehicle overtaking another shall 
pass on the left side of the overtaken 
vehicle and not pull over to the right until 
entirely clear of it. 

Sec. 4. On an avenue or street, divided by 
a parkway, walk, sunkenway or viaduct, 
vehicles shall keep to the right of such di¬ 
vision. 

Sec. 5. A vehicle turning into another 
street to the right shall turn the corner as 
near the right-hand curb as practicable. 

Thus. j 1._ 


Sec 6 A vehicle turning into another 
street to the left shall turn around the cen¬ 
tre of the intersection of the two streets. 


Sec. 10. No vehicle shall back to make a 
turn in any street, if by so doing it inter¬ 
feres with other vehicles, but shall go 
around the block or to a street sufficiently 
wide to turn in without backing. 

Article II. Signals. 

Sec. 1. In slowing up or stopping, a signal 
shall be given to those behind by raising 
the whip or hand vertically. 

Sec. 2. In turning, while in motion, or in 
starting to turn from a standstill, a signal 
shall be given by raising the whip or hand, 
indicating with it the direction in which 
the turn is to be made. 

Sec. 3. Before backing ample warning 
shall be given, and while backing unceasing 
vigilance must be exercised not to injure 
those behind. 

Sec. 4. One blast of police whistle indi¬ 
cates that north and south traffic shall stop 
and that east and west traffic may proceed. 
Two blasts that east and west traffic must 
stop and that north and south traffic may 
proceed. Vehicles must stop so as not to 
interfere with the passage of pedestrians at 
the crossings. Three or more blasts is a 
signal of alarm and indicates the approach 
of a fire engine or some other danger. 

Sec. 5. No vehicle shall be used on any 
street or highway unless provided with 
lights and sound signals as prescribed by 
law. 



Sec 7. A vehicle crossing from one side 
of the street to the other shall do so 



AT nr TH/S WAYS A/OH TH/S h/HK 


Sec. 8. No vehicle shall stop with its left 
side to the curb except on established cab, 
hack and truck stands. (See Sec. 5 of Art. 
III.) 

Sec. 9. No vehicle, unless in an emergency 
or to allow another vehicle or pedestrian to 
cross its path, shall stop in any public 
street or highway, except near the right- 
hand curb thereof and so as not to obstruct 
a crossing. 


Article III. Right of Way. 

Sec. 1. Police, Fire Department, Fire 
Patrol, Traffic Emergency Repair, U. S. 
Mail vehicles and Ambulances shall have 
the right of way in any street and through 
any procession. 

Sec. 2. Subject to Sec. 1 of this article, 
everything being equal, all vehicles and 
street cars going in a northerly or southerly 
direction shall have the right of way over 
all vehicles and street cars going in an east¬ 
erly or westerly direction. 

Sec. 3. Subject to Sec. 1 of this article, 
street cars shall have the right of way be¬ 
tween cross streets, over all other vehicles; 
and the driver of any vehicle, proceeding 
upon the track in front of a street car, shall 
immediately turn out upon signal by the 
motorman or driver of the car. 

Sec. 4. No vehicle or street car shall so 
occupy any street as to interfere with or 
interrupt the passage of other street cars 
or vehicles. 


121 














Sec. 5. No vehicle shall be driven, during 
crowded traffic hours, on any crosstown 
street, where there are car tracks, except 
for such distance as may be reasonably nec¬ 
essary to reach the building to which it is 
going. 

Sec. 6. A vehicle waiting at the curb shall 
promptly give place to a vehicle about to 
take on or to let off passengers. 

Sec. 7. The driver of a vehicle, on the 
approach of a fire engine or any other fire 
apparatus, shall immediately draw up said 
vehicle as near as practicable to the right- 
hand curb and parallel thereto and bring it 
to a standstill. 

Sec. 8. The driver of a street car shall 
immediately stop said car and keep it 
stationary upon the approach of a fire en¬ 
gine or other fire apparatus. 

Article IV. Speed. 

Sec. 1. No vehicle shall proceed at any 
time at a greater speed than the law allows 
and is safe and proper under the conditions 
then obtaining. 

Sec. 2. No vehicle shall cross any street 
or avenue running north and south or make 
any turn at a speed rate exceeding one-half 
its legal speed limit. 

Article V. Overtaking Street Cars. 

A driver of a vehicle overtaking a street 
car shall exercise due caution not to inter¬ 
fere with or injure passengers getting on or 
off said car. 

Article VI. Control of Horses Standing. 

Sec. 1. No horse shall be left unattended 
in any street or highway unless securely 
fastened or unless the wheels of the vehicle 
to which he is harnessed are securely tied, 
fastened or chained, and the vehicle is of 
sufficient weight to prevent its being 
dragged at a dangerous speed with wheels 
so secured. 

Sec. 2. No horse shall be unbitted in any 
street or highway unless secured by a 
halter. 

Sec. 3. No one, in any street or highway, 
shall remove a wheel, pole, shaft, whiffle- 
tree, splinter-bar or any other part of a 
vehicle or any part of a harness, likely to 
cause accident if the horse or horses start, 
without first unhitching the horse or horses 
attached to said vehicle. 

Article VII. Vehicles. 

Sec. 1. No one, in any street or highway, 
shall drive a vehicle that is so covered in or 
constructed as to prevent the driver thereof 
from having a sufficient view of the traffic 
following and at the sides of such vehicle. 

Sec. 2. No one shall drive or conduct any 
vehicle in such condition, so constructed, or 
so loaded as to be likely to cause accident 
or injury to man, beast or property. 


Sec. 3. No one shall so load a vehicle with 
iron or other material that may strike to¬ 
gether without properly “deadening” it so 
that it shall cause no unnecessary noise. 

Sec. 4. No one shall drive a public, num¬ 
bered, licensed or business vehicle who is 
less than sixteen years of age. 

Sec. 5. No one shall ride upon the rear 
end of any vehicle without the consent of 
the driver, and when so riding no part of 
the person’s body shall protrude beyond 
the limits of the vehicle. 

Article VIII. Condition and Treatment of 
Horses. 

Sec. 1. No one shall ride or drive a horse 
not in every respect fit for use and capable 
for the work upon which it is employed and 
free from lameness or sores calculated to 
cause pain, or any vice or disease likely to 
cause accident or injury to person or 
property. 

Sec. 2. No one shall ill-treat, over-load, 
over-drive, over-ride or cruelly or unneces¬ 
sarily beat any horse. 

Sec. 3. No one shall crack or so use a 
whip as to annoy, interfere with or en¬ 
danger any person or excite any horse 
other than that which he is using. 


Article IX. The Respective Rights and 
Duties of Drivers and Pedestrians 
on the Roadbeds of High¬ 
ways and Streets. 

The roadbeds of highways and streets 
are primarily intended for vehicles, but pe¬ 
destrians have the right to cross them in 
safety, and drivers of vehicles must exercise 
all possible care not to injure pedestrians. 
Pedestrians should, on their part, never 
step from the sidewalk to the roadbed with¬ 
out first looking to see what is approach¬ 
ing, and should not, needlessly, interfere 
with the passage of vehicles. 

By crossing as nearly as possible at right 
angles, preferably at the regular crossings, 
pedestrians will greatly add to their own 
safety, facilitate the movement of traffic, 
and make it much less difficult for the 
horses, which often have to be reined in 
suddenly and painfully to avoid careless and 
unthinking pedestrians. Nothing in the 
foregoing should excuse drivers from con¬ 
stant vigilance to avoid injury to pedes¬ 
trians under all conditions. 

Article X. Definitions. 

Sec. 1. The word vehicle includes eques¬ 
trians, led horses and everything on wheels 
or runners, except street cars and baby 
carriages. 

Sec. 2. The word horse includes all do¬ 
mestic animals. 

Sec. 3. The word driver includes the rider 
and driver of a horse, the rider of wheels 
and the operator of a motor vehicle or 
street car. 





Article XI. Obedience. 

_ ) 

Sec. 1. Drivers must at all times comply 
with any direction by voice or hand, of any 
member of the Police Force, as to stopping, 
starting, approaching or departing from any 
place; the manner of taking up or setting 
down passengers or loading or unloading 
goads in any place. 

Sec. 2. Ignorance of these rules shall fur¬ 
nish no excuse for disregarding them. 

For further particulars see City Ordi¬ 
nances, Charter of the Greater City of New 
\ ork, Penal Code and Sanitary Code. 


All drivers of vehicles are required to 
comply with these rules in order to facili¬ 
tate traffic, prevent blockades, avoid acci¬ 
dents and loss of life, and diminish the 
loss of time and money due to the lack of 
observance of rules for the regulation of 
street traffic. 

The Police Force will strictly enforce 
the foregoing rules. 

Complaints aganst drivers of cabs and 
other numbered vehicles should be made at 
the nearest Police Station for record at the 
Bureau of Street Traffic. 


SCHOOL OF THE SOLDIER. 


The Officers in charge of the School of In¬ 
struction, or His Assistant, Shall In¬ 
struct Newly Appointed Patrolmen in 
the Following Exercises: 

POSITION OF A SOLDIER. 

Heels on the same line, and as near each 
other as the conformation of the men per¬ 
mits. 

Feet turned out equally and forming with 
each other an angle of about sixty degrees. 

Knees straight without stiffness. 

Body erect on the hips, inclined a little 
forward; shoulders square and falling 
equally. 

Arms and hands hanging naturally, back 
of the hands outward; little fingers oppo¬ 
site the seams of the trousers; elbows near 
the body. 

Head erect and square to the front; chin 
slightly drawn in, without constraint; eyes 
straight to the front. 

There are two kinds of commands. 

The preparatory command, such as For¬ 
ward, indicates the movement that is to be 
executed. 

The command of execution, such, as 
March, or Halt, causes the execution. 

The preparatory command should be 
given at such an interval of time before the 
command of execution as to admit of being 
properly understood; the command of exe¬ 
cution should be given at the instant the 
movement is to commence. 

The tone of command is animated, dis¬ 
tinct, and of a loudness proportioned to the 
number of men under instruction. 

Each preparatory command is enunciated 
distinctly and pronounced in an ascending 
tone of voice, but always in such manner 
that the command of execution may be 
more energetic and elevated. 

The command of execution is firm in tone 

and brief. , . . .. , 

When giving commands it is usually best 

to face the persons so commanded. 

Indifference in giving commands must be 
avoided, as it leads to laxity in execution. 
Commands should be given with spirit at 
all time. 


To revoke a preparatory command, or 
being at a halt, to begin anew a movement 
improperly begun, the instructor com¬ 
mands: As You Were, at which the move¬ 
ment ceases and the former position is re¬ 
sumed. 

THE RESTS. 

Being at a halt, the commands are: Fall 
Out; Rest; At Ease; and 1, Parade; 2, Rest. 

At the command Fall Out, the men 
leave the ranks, but remain in the im¬ 
mediate vicinity. They resume their for¬ 
mer places, at attention, at the command 
of Fall In. 

At the command of Re*st, each man keeps 
one foot in place, but is not required to 
preserve silence or immobility. 

1. Parade. 2. Rest. Carry the right foot 
six inches straight to the rear, left knee 
slightly bent; clasp the hands, without con¬ 
straint, in front of the centre of the body, 
fingers joined, left hand uppermost, left 
thumb clasped by thumb and forefinger of 
right hand; preserve silence and steadiness 
of position. 

To resume the attention: 1. Squad. 2. 
Attention. 

The men take the position of the soldier 
and fix their attention. 

TO DISMISS THE SQUAD. 

Being in line at a halt: Dismissed. 

EYES RIGHT OR LEFT. 

1. Eyes. 2. Right (Left). 3. Front. 

At the command Right, turn the head to 
the right so as to bring the left eye in a 
line about two inches to the right of the 
centre of the body, eyes fixed on the line 
of the men in, or supposed to be, in the 
same rank. 

At the command Front, turn the head and 
eyes to the front. 

FACINGS. 

To the flank: 1. Right (Left). 2. Face. 

Raise slightly the left heel and right toe, 
face to the right, turning on the right heel, 




assisted by a slight pressure on the ball of 
the left foot; place the left foot by the side 
of the right. Left face is executed on the 
left heel. 

“To face in marching” and advance, turn 
on the ball of either foot and step off with 
the other foot in the new line of direction; 
to face in marching without gaining ground 
in the new direction, turning on the ball of 
either foot and mark time. 

To the rear: 1. About. 2. Face. 

Raise slightly the left heel and right toe, 
face to the rear, turning to the right on the 
right heel and the ball of the left foot; re¬ 
place the left foot by the side of the right. 

Officers execute the about face as fol¬ 
lows: 

At the command About, carry the toe of 
the right foot about eight inches to the rear 
and three inches to the left of the left heel 
without changing the position of the left 
foot. 

At the command Face, face to the rear, 
turning to the right on the left heel and 
right toe; replace the right heel by the side 
of the left. 

SALUTE WITH HAND. 

1. Right (Left) Hand. 2. Salute. 

Raise the right hand smartly till the tip 
of the forefinger touches the lower part of 
the head dress (if uncovered, the forehead) 
above the right eye, thumb and fingers ex¬ 
tended and joined, palm to the left, fore¬ 
arm inclined at about forty-five degrees, 
hand and wrist straight. (2) Drop the arm 
smartly by the side-. 

The salute for officers is the came; the 
left hand is used only when the right is 
engaged. Officers and men, when saluting, 
look toward the person saluted. 

Patrolmen salute with the hand farthest 
from the officer, giving the salute six paces 
before passing the officer, and holding the 
hand at the visor until the salute is 
acknowledged or the officer passed. 

When an officer of the Department, or 
other official of the government enters the 
room where there are Patrolmen, the word 
“Attention” is given by some one who pre¬ 
cedes him, when all arise and remain stand¬ 
ing in the “position of a soldier” until the 
officer leaves the room. 

STEPS AND MARCHINGS. 

Quick Time. 

The length of the full step in quick time 
is thirty inches, measured from heel to 
heel, and the cadence is at the rate of one 
hundred and twenty steps per minute. 

To march in quick time: 1. Forward. 2. 
March. 

At the command Forward, throw the 
weight of the body upon the right leg, left 
knee straight. 

At the command March, move the left 
foot smartly, but without jerk, straight for¬ 
ward thirty inches from the right, measur¬ 
ing from heel to heel, sole near the ground: 
straighten and turn the knee slightly out: 
at the same time throw the weight of the 
body forward and plant the foot without 


shock, weight of body resting upon it; 
next, in like manner, advance the right 
foot and plant it as above; continue the 
march. 

The cadence is at first given slowly, and 
gradually increased to that of quick time. 

The arms hang naturally, the hands 
moving about six inches to the front and 
three inches, to the rear of the seam of the 
trousers. 

The Instructor, when necessary, indi¬ 
cates the cadence of the step by calling 
one, two, three, four, or, left, right, the 
instant the left and right foot, respectively, 
should be planted. 

Double Time. 

The length of full step in double time is 
thirty-six inches; the cadence is at the rate 
of one hundred and eighty steps per 
minute. 

To march in double time: 1. Forward, 
2. Double Time. 3. March. 

At the command of Forward, throw the 
weight of the body on the right leg. At 
the command March, raise the hands until 
the forearms are horizontal, fingers closed, 
nails toward the body, elbows to the rear; 
carry forward the left foot, knee slightly 
bent and somewhat raised, and plant the 
foot thirty-six inches from the right; then 
execute the same motion with the right 
foot; continue this alternate movement of 
the feet, throwing the weight of the body 
forward and allowing a natural swinging 
motion to the arms. 

If marching in quick time, the command 
Forward is omitted. At the command 
March, given as either foot strikes the 
ground, take one step in quick, and then 
step off in double time. 

To resume the quick time. 1. Quick 
Time. 2. March. 

At the command March, given as either 
foot strikes the ground, advance and plant 
the other foot in double time, resume the 
quick time, dropping the hands by the side. 
When marching in double time and in run¬ 
ning, the men breathe as much as possible 
through the nose, keeping the mouth 
closed. 

To arrest the march in quick or double 
time: 1. Squad. 2. Halt. 

At the command Halt, given as either 
foot strikes the ground, advance and plant 
the other foot; place the foot in rear by 
the side of the other. If in double time 
drop the hands by the sides. 

The halt, while marking time, and march¬ 
ing at the half step, side step, and back 
step, is executed by the same commands. 

To Mark Time. 

Being in the march: 1. Mark Time. 2. 
March. 

At the command March, given as either 
foot strikes the ground, advance and plant 
the other foot; bring up the foot in the 
rear, and continue the cadence by alternate- 
13 '- raising and planting each foot on line 
with the other. The feet are raised about 
four inches from the ground and planted 
with the same energy as when advancing. 




Half Step. 

Being in the march: 1. Half Step. 2 
March. 

At the command March, given as either 
foot strikes the ground, take steps of fifteen 
inches. 

To resume the full step: 1. Full Step 2 
March. 

The length of the half step in double time 
is eighteen inches. 

Side Step. 

Being at a half: 1. Right (Left) Step. 
2. March. 

Carry and plant the right foot ten inches 
to the right; bring the left foot beside it and 
continue the movement in cadence of quick 
time. 

The side step is used for small intervals 
only, and is not executed in double time. 

Back Step. 

Being at a halt: 1. Backward. 2. March. 

At the command March, step back with 
the left foot fifteen inches straight in the 
rear, then with the right, and so on with 
the feet alternating. 

At the command of Halt, bring back the 
foot in front to the side of the one in rear. 

The back step is used for short distances 
only, and is not executed in double time. 

To March by the Flank. 

Being in march: 1. By the Right (Left) 
Flank. 2. March. 

At the command March, given as the 

right foot strikes the ground, advance and 
plant the left foot; then, turning the right 
in marching and step off in the new direc¬ 
tion with the right foot. 

To March to the Rear. 

Being in march: 1. To the Rear. 2. 

March. 

At the command March, given as the 

right foot strikes the ground, advance and 
plant the left foot, then turning on the balls 
of both feet, face to the right about and im¬ 
mediately step off with the left foot. 

If marching in double time, turn to the 
right about, taking four steps in place, 

keeping the cadence, and then step off with 
the left foot. 


Change Step. 

Being in march: 1. Change Step. 2. 
March. 

At the command March, given as the 
right foot strikes the ground, advance and 
plant the left foot; plant the toe of the 
right foot near the heel of the left and step 
off with the left foot. 

The change on the right foot is similarly 
executed, the command March being given 
as the left foot strikes the ground. 

BATON EXERCISE. 

1. Draw. 2. Baton. At the command 
Draw, grasp the socket with the left hand 
and bring it forward, seize the grip of the 
baton with^ the right hand, and draw it 
about six inches out of the socket, the 
shoulders square, the face straight to the 
front. At the command Baton, draw the 
baton quickly, raising the arm to full ex¬ 
tent, at an angle of about 45 degrees. The 
baton in straight line with the arm and 
make a slight pause; and drop the left hand 
by the side, at the same time drop the right 
hand to the side and bring the baton in a 
vertical position, the arm extended with¬ 
out constraint, the thumb and forefinger 
embracing the gripe. 

Present! Baton! 

1. Present! 2. Baton! At the command 
Baton, carry the baton to the front, the 
shoulder of the gripe as high as the chin 
and six inches in front of the neck, the back 
of the hand to the front, the thumb ex¬ 
tended along the gripe, the point of the 
baton inclined slightly to the front, all the 
fingers grasping the gripe. 

Carry! Baton! 

1. Carry. 2. Baton. Resume the position 
to carry baton. 

Return! Baton! 

1. Return. 2. Baton. At the command 
Return, carry the right hand opposite to 
and six inches from the left shoulder, the 
baton vertical, at the same time grasp the 
socket with the left hand, bringing it a 
little forward. At the command Baton, 
lower the baton along the left arm, turn¬ 
ing the head slightly to the left, fixing the 
eyes on the socket, return the baton, drop 
the hands to the side and resume the posi¬ 
tion of a soldier. 




FIRST AID TO THE INJURED 


MEDICAL INSTRUCTIONS. 

Prepared by Dr. F. Henrotin, Surgeon of 
Police and Fire Departments of Chicago, 
for Officers in charge of Patrol and Am¬ 
bulance Wagons, Revised and Adapted to 
the Use of the Members of the Police Force 
of the City of New York, by J. D. Sullivan, 
M. D., Police Surgeon. 

WOUNDS AND HEMORRHAGE.— 
You should always be prepared to act 
promptly in an emergency and take proper 
care of any wound that endangers the 
s?fety of the patient until a surgeon ar¬ 
rives. Your first efforts should be to stop 
the bleeding and keep, the wound clean; 
any hemorrhage that is controllable by a 
surgeon may be checked by you until his 
arrival. In every case expose the wound. 
Fatal hemorrhage may take place unper¬ 
ceived beneath the clothing. If from a 
surface wound of large extent, bring the 
edges of the wound together and hold 
them there with your fingers until some 
dressing can be applied. If you are obliged 
to wait very long for the arrival of medical 
aid, have a compress made by folding a 
piece of clean linen or muslin or any clean 
soft material, and place it OVER the wound 
and bind it on with a bandage. If this does 
not succeed, place one or more clean 
fingers INTO the wound at the bleeding 
point and exert sufficient. pressure to stop 
the hemorrhage and continue the pressure 
either with your fingers or with a small 
clean compress under them until you are 
relieved. For example, if you see a man 
bleeding from a wound in his neck or 
throat, while you cannot place a tight band¬ 
age around his neck, you can sometimes 
save his life by pressure on the bleeding 
vessels with your fingers or a compress 
either in the wound or on both sides of it, 
until a surgeon arrives. When a limb is 
deeply cut, and the blood is pouring out at 
an alarmiing and apparently uncontrollable 
rate, waste no time, but grasp the limb 
above the wound with one or both hands 
so as to encircle it with your fingers and 
squeeze it sufficiently tight to arrest the 
flow. As soon as possible procure a band¬ 
age or strap of some kind and wrap it 
around the limb, above the wound, suffi¬ 
ciently tight to stop the bleeding, and keep 
up this pressure until medical assistance 
arrives. Remember that direct pressure, 
even moderately applied, upon the bleeding 
vessels, will control hemorrhage, and you 
can continue it as long as may be required. 

The second danger to life from ordinary 
wound is the liability to blood poisoning in 
consequence of something unclean or im¬ 
pure having touched the wound. Therefore 
you should exert every precaution to keep 
the wound as clean as possible. If the 
bleeding be checked and the wound covered 
and bound with some clean material, it will 


. r*-l' 

. - + | 


be safe uqtil a surgeon arrives. The fresh 
blood is a good protection to the wound, 
so do not attempt to wash it away. 

SHOCK AND COLLAPSE.—Loss of 
blood, great pain, violent blows or falls, 
great injuries of any kind, heart disease 
and various other affections, poisons of 
various kinds, sunstroke, and even mental 
emotions, will sometimes produce a sus¬ 
pension or failure of vital action that is 
easily recognizable, that you will frequently 
meet with, and that is called by physicians 
Shock Collapse, or Syncope. It is the con¬ 
dition generally known as “Faint.” It 
sometimes resembles death. The patient 
lies unusually perfectly quiet in whatever 
position he may have been placed. He 
may be conscious, but hardly able to speak 
or only executing slight movements with 
difficulty. The face is white, the skin is 
cold, and drops of sweat are on the brow, 
while the fingernails are blue and livid. 
The eyes have lost their lustre, the sensi¬ 
bility to pain is lost, and the respiration 
is of a sighing, irregular character. 

When called to a patient, no matter the 
cause, presenting the lowered condition of 
vitality just described, all there is for you 
to do until a physician arrives is as follows: 
Loosen all the clothing about the neck, 
chest and abdomen, and place the body 
with the head as low as possible. Be sure, 
above all, to maintain the natural heat of 
the body, rub the extremities and wrap in 
warm blankets, administer, if the patient 
can swallow, one to two teaspoonfuls of 
brandy and ammonia mixture, to which you 
must add a little water, every five minutes, 
or some warm drink, until a physician ar¬ 
rives, or until you find warmth return to the 
patient’s body and a slight color to his 
face. 

Remember, head low, body warm, and 
stimulants. Men have undoubtedly died 
from having been kept sitting or upright 
while in a faint. 

WOUNDS OF THE CHEST. 

It is always proper to remember that a 
person who is shot or stabbed in the chest 
may die from internal bleeding in the cav¬ 
ity of the chest, aggravated by rough hand¬ 
ling of the body, immediately after the in¬ 
jury is received. Therefore always exercise 
the greatest care in carrying such patients 
about. They should in every possible case 
be carried on the stretcher by men keeping 
even step, to avoid jolting, and never if it 
can-be helped taken in the wagon. Always, 
if cold and faint, give the stimulant as di¬ 
rected for shock. 

BROKEN LIMBS. 

Handle your patient, of course, with 
greatest care; remember when you carry 






h i m u tha l m i° derate . traction in the direction 
ot the lrnib will insure the greatest ease 
and safety to your patient. 

TO RESTORE THE DROWNED. 

You will pursue the following course: If 
you reach the place and recover the body 
within a reasonable time, say within fifteen 
minutes since it began to sink, for a body 
will live very long under water before life 
is extinct, immediately set about bringing 
the patient to, without waiting for a doctor, 
or bringing the patient to the station, lest 
he should die on the way. You will hold 
the body up head and face down, for a few 
seconds, or lay him across a barrel, or a 
bundle of clothing, so that the point of 
resistance is at the pit of the stomach, 
when by pressiing upon the back for a few 
seconds you will be able to empty his 
stomach of much of the water it contains: 
then laying him upon the back, with a small 
amount of clothing under his head and 
shoulders, you will imitate natural respira¬ 
tion as follows, making sure that the neck 
and chest are not obstructed by clothing. 


ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATION. 

Kneeling at the patient’s head, grasp the 
-arms at the elbows, carry them first out¬ 
wards, then upwards, till the hands are 
brought together above the head; keep 
them there for two seconds, and then bring 
them slowly to the sides of the chest, press¬ 
ing moderately against them for a few 
seconds; repeat this about fifteen times a 
minute, until patient makes effort himself 
or- you are relieved by a medical man. 
While you are doing this you should have 
an assistant draw the tongue out of the 
.mouth with a dry linen cloth and hold it 
drawn out and down. The foregoing 
method of employing artificial respiration 
can be employed, should occasion present 
itself, in cases of asphyxia, suffocation from 
deleterious gases, or from hanging, and in 
certain cases of poisoning, when the res¬ 
piration stops while you are present. 

POISONING. 

When you are called in within an hour 
or thereabouts of the taking of the poison, 
and when no emetic has already been given, 
no matter what the poison may be, always 
mix, for a grown person, a teaspoonful of 
ground mustard, in a tumbler, one-half full 
of lukewarm water, and administer it to the 
patient at once, repeating every ten min¬ 
utes until free vomiting ensues. 

Also advise the administration of white 
of eggs and flour, stirred up in water, or 
milk. Ip case of poisoning from Opium or 
Narcotic poisoning, when the tendency of 
the patient is to get stupid and unconscious, 
keep the patient awake by walking him, 
and rubbing, until the doctor arrives, giv¬ 
ing him some strong black coffee if you can 
obtain it. 


SUNSTROKE. 

You will frequently, during the hot 
months, be called to persons found upon 
the street, prostrated by the heat, and you 
must be extremely cautious how you handle 
and treat them. These cases present two 
varieties, which you must carefully distin¬ 
guish. Those whose hands and face are 
cold and white, the eyes without lustre, and 
sunken, the skin cold and clammy and 
bathed in sweat, whose breathing is inter¬ 
rupted and sighing, whose whole appear¬ 
ance denotes weakness and faintness, are 
in a state of shock or collapse and need the 
treatment that has been indicated to you 
for this condition. 

Perfect quiet and stimulants. If this 
weakness and faintness is extreme, under 
nr consideration must they be raised with 
the head high, or jolted in moving, or 
brought any distance to the station or hos¬ 
pital, until they have been examined by a 
physician. Place them with the head quite 
low in some shady place, and administer to 
them a little water every five and ten min¬ 
utes until the doctor arrives, or they show 
some signs of revival. Lifting them in the 
wagon and shaking them up for a mile or 
two will often bring them dying at the hos¬ 
pital door. 

The other class of sunstroke will present 
an entirely different appearance. The face 
will be bluish, or red, or purple; with the 
veins of the forehead and neck distended 
they will, unless too far gone, have the 
head burning with heat, the eyes will be 
bloodshot; in fact, the whole appearance 
will indicate full-bloodedness of the head 
and face. The breathing will probably be 
very harsh and coarse. In these cases you 
will raise the head moderately, and apply 
ice or cold water freely to the head and 
back of the neck, and give no stimulants, 
unless ordered by a physician. 

FIT. 

People whom you find upon the streets 
affected with fits are almost always epilep¬ 
tics. All you can do for them usually is to 
dash cold water in their face, or put a 
towel wrung out in ice water over the head, 
if they are very livid, or flushed in the face, 
and to open their teeth, lest in their spasm 
they may be holding the tongue between 
them. 

APOPLEXY. 

M 

Lastly, I wish to draw your attention to 
the fact that it happens very frequently that 
reputable citizens who are the victims of 
apoplexy, or of some similar brain trouble, 
are mistaken for drunk and cast into a cell, 
it may be, there to die. The distinction is 
sometimes very difficult, but remember that 
it is your duty to be sure that a man is 
drunk before you place him unconscious in 
a cell, and that when you have any doubts, 
you must call for medical assistance. The 
most important points to remember are 

127 




these: In drunkenness, the breath usually 
indicates the usual amount of alcohol that 
has been consumed, though, of course, a 
man may have had apoplexy after drinking 
freely. The respiration in apoplexy is 
usually very harsh, hoarse and snoring. In 
drunkenness, the, man can usually be 
aroused by shaking, and gives by his man¬ 
ner of acting or his speech, more or less 
indications of his drunkenness. Pouring 
cold water upon the head usually arouses a 
drunken man and makes the case recogniz¬ 
able. A paralyzed condition of some of the 
limbs, of course, indicates the apoplectic 
origin. Generally speaking, a man that can¬ 
not be roused to show his drunkenness may 
not be drunk at all, and you must keep him 
under observation until you are certain. 


LUNATICS. 

•_ V si i 

Insane people are not criminals. If suL 
ficiently gentle, you may pass a lifetime 
controlling insane people, and never need 
to raise a club. A blow given to an insane 
man may render his insanity permanent.. 

An intelligent comprehension of the 
above written simple rules, for your guid¬ 
ance, in case of emergency, will enable you 
to render the first aid to the injured with¬ 
out, as is too frequently the case, doing 
harm. You are simply to supply as far as 
lies in your power the place of the physi¬ 
cian, and when he arrives are to follow nis 
instructions, and render him what assist¬ 
ance you can. 


FORM OF APPLICATION. 


The following is the form of application 
for candidates for Patrolman, together with 
the medical and physical requirements. Ap¬ 
plication blanks may be had from the Mu¬ 
nicipal Civil Service Commission, .299 
Broadway, New York, when applications 
are being issued. 

Application No.. 

Index No. 

Examination No.. 

Date of Notification.... 


MUNICIPAL CIVIL SERVICE COM¬ 
MISSION OF NEW YORK, 
Municipal Building, 14th Floor. 


Application for Patrolman. 

N. B.—All answers to questions in the 
application proper must be in ink, in the 
HANDWRITING of the applicant; and all 
statements of vouchers must be also in ink 
and in the handwriting of the person sign¬ 
ing each statement. The name of the ap¬ 
plicant must be the same, both in spelling 
and initials, wherever it appears on this ap¬ 
plication. 


To the Municipal Civil Service Commission¬ 
ers of New York: 

The undersigned states that he is. 

years of age. He respectfully asks an ap¬ 
pointment as Patrolman in the Police De¬ 
partment of The City of New York, and 
refers you to the following testimonials. 

Questions. 

1. What is your name in full (your first 
name in full, your middle initial or initials, 
if you have any, and your surname in full)? 

2. Are you a citizen of the United States? 
(If naturalized, your certificate of natural¬ 


ization must be forwarded with the applica¬ 
tion. If you claim citizenship through the 
naturalization of a parent, the parent’s cer¬ 
tificate must be forwarded.) ' 

3. What was the year, month and day of 
your birth? (Be absolutely sure of the date 
of your birth.) Where were you born? (If 
born in the United States, give name of 
State.) If foreign born, state when you 
came to the United States. 

4. Since what date have you lived in the 
State of New York? (Give day, month and 
year.) 

4a. Where do you live? 

5. In what kind of school were you edu¬ 
cated—common school, high school, busi¬ 
ness college, academy, or college? 

6. Are you married? If so, what family 
have you? 

7. Have you ever been complained of, 
indicted for, or convicted of any violation 
of law? If so, state each occasion and dis¬ 
position of such charges. 

7a. Have you ever been arrested? 

8. To what extent, if at all, do you use 
intoxicating liquors? 

9. What is your height? What is your 
weight? 

10. Were you ever in the employ of the 
United States, or of any State, or of any 
County, City or Town? If so, state where 
and in what capacity. When and why were 
you separated from such employment? 

11. Were you ever in the military or naval 
service of the United States? If so, in 
what regiment and company, or on what 
vessel did you serve? Were you honorably 
discharged, and when? 

12. Have you ever before FILED AP¬ 
PLICATION for the position of Patrol¬ 
man in The City of New York? If so, 
when? 

13. State your occupation, the names of 
your employers and where you have been 
employed for the last five years. (Give oc- 


128 












cupation, name of employer and place of 
employment for each year.) 

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have here¬ 
unto subscribed my name this.... day 

of.i9.., at. 

County of., and State of 

New York. 


(Applicant’s Signature.) 


consent that this certificate may be made 
public; and that I am willing to furnish any 
other information which I may possess re¬ 
specting the applicant. 

(Vouchers Nos. 2 , 3 and 4 read the same 
as No. 1 .) 

This oath must be taken before a Justice, 
Notary, or other officer competent to ad¬ 
minister it: 


Vouchers and Their Certificates. 

Directions.—( 1 ) FOUR persons, and no 
more, must vouch for the character of the 
applicant. THEY MUST BE RESI¬ 
DENTS OF THIS CITY. All the vouch¬ 
ers should be well acquainted with the ap¬ 
plicant. They must have known the appli¬ 
cant AT LEAST ONE YEAR, must not be 
near relatives of the applicant; and it is 
desirable that one of them should be a rep¬ 
utable physician. 

( 2 ) They should be persons of good char¬ 
acter and standing in the community where 
they reside, AND MUST NOT BE KEEP¬ 
ERS OF LIQUOR SALOONS. 

(3) Each subsequent blank must be filled 
as accurately as practicable. 

N. B.—The applicant is cautioned that, 
inasmuch as the vouchers on this paper will 
be called upon for such detailed (written) 
information as to ability, industry, char¬ 
acter, habits, etc., as they can give, he 
should be careful to secure those who know 
him well, especially in his occupation, and 
who will be willing to furnish such infor¬ 
mation in greater detail when asked, as a 
failure to so furnish it promptly will be 
deemed a refusal, and will be necessarily a 
disadvantage to the applicant. 

Each of the undersigned respectfully rep¬ 
resents to the Municipal Civil Service Com¬ 
missioners of New York that he is not a 
keeper of a liquor saloon; that he can and 
does hereby testify that he knows the above 
applicant personally, and knows him to be 
a man of good moral character, of sober 
and industrious habits; that he has never 
known him to be guilty or convicted of any 
criminal act or disorderly conduct; and 
each of the undersigned further says that 
he consents that this certificate may be 
made public, and is willing to furnish any 
other information respecting the applicant 
which he may possess. 


Voucher No. 1. 

(To be filled by the person who sign it.) 

' I the undersigned, a citizen of the City 
and State of New York, hereby certify upon 
my honor that I am more than twenty-one 
years of age, by occupation a. ■••••••’ 

and a resident of...... . I' xt ‘ ' C v Utl l y 

Q f .. and State of New York; 

that i am personally well acquainted with 
the applicant hereon; that all statements 
made bv me in this voucher are IN MY 
OWN HANDWRITING; that I have care- 
fullv read the answers of the applicant to 
the questions on page 1 of this applica¬ 
tion particularly his answers to questions 
3 7 ’ and 10 , and that they are true to the 
best of my knowledge and belief; that I 


County of 
State of.. 


} 


ss.: 


And on this day, said applicant, to me 
personally known, having been duly sworn 
(or affirmed) before me, stated that said 
applicant had read the printed as well as 
the written parts of the foregoing applica¬ 
tion, and that to the best of applicant’s 
knowledge, information and belief, the sev¬ 
eral statements therein contained are true; 
and further declared to me that said appli¬ 
cant had good reason to believe and does 
believe and represent, ( 1 ) that the occupa¬ 
tion, residence, address, and other state¬ 
ments of each of the vouchers as given in 
the following certificates are severally cor¬ 
rect; ( 2 ) that each of said vouchers is a 
person of good character and reputation; 
(3) that the several signatures hereto, pur¬ 
porting to be those of said vouchers and 
of the applicant, are genuine; and ( 4 ) that 
deponent, who has signed this application, 
is the person intended to be examined by 
virtue thereof. 


(Signature of applicant as usually signed.) 
Sworn to and subscribed before me by 

said applicant this. day 

of..191 

(Signature of Officer). 

. (Official Title). 

(If you have an official seal, affix it.) 


MUNICIPAL CIVIL SERVICE COM¬ 
MISSION OF THE CITY OF 
NEW YORK. 


Medical Standards Required for Firemen 
and Patrolmen. 

Experience has shown that many appli¬ 
cants are rejected at their medical examina¬ 
tion for defects which could have been rem¬ 
edied had the applicant been informed be¬ 
forehand of the standard of the physique 
required by the Civil Service Commission. 
The following information is therefore fur¬ 
nished. To save unnecessary trouble and 
expense, it is well that each candidate 
should have himself examined, as a prelim¬ 
inary measure, by his family physician, in 
order to be sure that he conforms to this 
standard and that he is not suffering from 
ailments or defects which would necessarily 
cause him to be rejected. 

The Medical Examiner is prohibited by 
the rules of this Commission from exam¬ 
ining candidates in his private capacity as 
a physician, and applicants will, therefore 
not call upon him for information or special 
examination. 


129 



















Patrolman-Fireman—Age. Applications 
will be received from persons who are 
twenty-one (21) years of age on or before 
the date of the mental examination. Appli¬ 
cations will not be received from persons 
who are more than twenty-nine (29) years 
of age on the date of filing applications. 

General Appearance. The applicant must 
be free from any marked deformity, free 
from all parasitic or systemic skin diseases, 
and from evidence of intemperance in the 
use of stimulants or drugs. The body must 
be well proportioned, of good muscular de¬ 
velopment, and show careful attention to 
personal cleanliness. 

Obesity, muscular weakness or poor phy¬ 
sique must reject. 

Nose, Mouth aand Teeth. Obstruction to 
free breathing, chronic catarrh, or very of¬ 
fensive breath must reject. 

The mouth must be free from deformities 
or conditions that interfere with distinct 
speech, or that predispose to disease of the 
ear, nose or throat. 

Teeth must be clean, well cared for and 
free from multiple cavities. There must be 
at least two molar teeth to each jaw on 
each side, and these teeth in good apposi¬ 
tion for proper mastication. The jaws 
must be free from badly broken or decayed 
teeth so far destroyed as to render filling 
or crowning impossible. Missing teeth may 
be supplied by crown or bridge work; where 
site of teeth makes this impossible, rubber 
dentures will be accepted. At least twenty 
natural teeth much be present. 

Rupture in any form must reject. 

Genitalia must be free from deformities 
and from varicocele, hydrocele, enlarge¬ 
ment of the testicle, stricture, or inconti¬ 
nence of urine. 

Any acute and all venereal diseases of 
these organs must reject. 

Rectum and Anus. Fissures, fictulas, and 
external or internal piles must reject. 

Varicose Veins or a marked tendency to 
their formation must reject. 

Arms and Legs, Hands and Feet must be 
free from affections of the joints, sprains, 
stiffness or other conditions, such as flat- 
foot, ingrowing nails or hammer-toes, 
which would prevent the proper and easy 
performance of duty. 

Firemen. 


Expan¬ 

sion, 

Mobility. 

Height. 

Weight, 

In. 

In. 

Ft. 

In. 

Lbs. 

38 

3>4 

5 

7 

140 

38 

3 54 

5 

iy 2 

140 

38 

314 

5 

8 

140 

38*4 

4 

5 

9 

145 

38*4 

4 

5 

10 

150 

39 

4 

5 

11 

155 

39 

4 

6 


160 

3914 

4 

6 

1 

165 

39 54 

4 

6 

2 

170 

3914 

4 

6 

3 

175 

40 

4/4 

6 

4 

180 

40 

4^4 

6 

5 

185 


Expan¬ 

Patrolman. 



sion, 

Mobility. 

Height. 

Weight, 

In. 

In. 

Ft. 

In. 

Lbs. 

36y 2 

3 

5 

714 

140 

37 

3 

5 

8 

140 

3iy 2 

3/2 

5 

9 

145 

38 

354 

5 

10 

150 

39 

3j4 

5 

11 

155- 

39 

4 

6 

. , 

160 

39J4 

4 

6 

1 

165 

39 J4 

4 

6 

2 

170 

39*4 

4 

6 

3 

175 

40 

4^4 

6 

4 

180 

40 

4J4 

6 

5 

185 

Height taken barefoot; 
urements naked. 

wei 

ght an 

d meas- 


(a) In the case of Patrolmen in the Po¬ 
lice Denartment, the minimum height re¬ 
quired is 5 ft. 7}4 inches, the weight 140 
pounds, and the chest measurement 33J4 

inches. 

(b) In the case of Firemen in the Fire 
Department, the minimum height required 
is 5 ft. l l / 2 inches, the weight 140 pounds, 
and the chest measurement 36^4 inches. 

Eyes. The applicant must be free from 
color blindness, and be able to read with 
each eye, separately, standard test types 
at a distance of twenty feet. Loss of either 
eye, chronic inflammation of the lids, or 
permanent abnormalities of either eye must 
reject. 

Ears. Normal hearing with each ear is 
required. 

Respiration must be full, easy and regu¬ 
lar; the respiratory murmur must be clear 
and distinct over both lungs, and no dis¬ 
ease of the respiratory organ be present. 

Circulation. The action of the heart must 
be uniform, free and steady, its rhythm 
regular and the heart free from organic 
changes. 

Brain and Nervous System must be free 

from defects. 

Kidneys must be healthy and the Urine 
normal. 


The necessity for the selection of such 
men only as are sound in all respects, and 
are in every way physically qualified for 
the position is self-evident. The foregoing 
qualifications are indispensable, but it is 
understood that the Medical Examiner will 
put such other questions or tests, bearing 
upon each case, as he may think necessary 
and proper, and the whole examination 
shall be thorough, exact and circumstantial. 

The Medical Examiner shall also test the 
strength, activity and physical capacity of 
all applicants who come up to the standard 
required in the medical examination by 
suitable examination into the strength of 
back, chest, legs, arms, etc., which tests 
shall be submitted to and approved by the 
Commission. 

Issued by order of the Commission. 

MUNICIPAL CIVIL 
SERVICE COMMISSION. 


130 



GYMNASTIC REQUIREMENTS. 

Ihe following is a brief description of 
the tests which must be undergone in the 
gymnasium of the Municipal Civil Service 
Commission: 

While candidates are permitted to take 
the examination in any dress they choose, 
it is well to adopt attire which will enable 
them to display their strength with the full¬ 
est freedom. For this purpose a pair of 
running drawers and an athlete’s shirt, a 
pair of rubber-soled shoes make the best 
equipment. 

First in order are the dip and chinning 
exercises. Standing against the exercise 
ladder, the candidate lifts the whole weight 
of his body, the feet not touching the 
ground throughout the exercise. The chin¬ 
ning is supposed to be repeated fourteen 
times; the dip six times. Twenty chins and 
dips give the maximum credit of 100 . 

Then follow tests for the strength of the 
forearms, back, legs, upper arms, abdomi¬ 
nal muscles and agility. 

For the forearm test the candidate 
squeezes a dynamometer, first with the 
right hand, then with the left, the percent¬ 
age being recorded upon the instrument. 

The traction pull, which comes next, 
consists in pulling a machine laid across 
the chest to test the strength of the pec- 
tcral muscles. Then, with the aid of the 
dynamometer, the strength of the back and 
leg muscles is accurately ascertained. 

The dumb bell exercise follows. Here 
the candidate is required to lift a 601b. dumb 
bell in each hand, first to the shoulder and 
then to the head. Then he lies on his back 
and lifts a 25-lb. dumb bell while rising to 
a sitting position. 


The rope jump is first at 4 ft., for which 
a percentage of 60 per cent, is given; then 
at 4 ft. 4 inches, carrying a percentage of 
75, and finally at 4 ft. 8 inches, which re¬ 
ceives a credit of 100 per cent. 

The final gymnastic exercise being over, 
measurements are taken of the girth of the 
chest, the girth of the thigh, girth of upper 
arm, girth of the calf, and depth of the 
chest and abdomen. 

(NOTE:—Before being measured for 
chest expansion candidates are advised to 
completely expel the air from their lungs, 
as this makes it easier to attain the required 
expansion.) 

The Municipal Civil Service Commission 
publishes the following report stating the 
causes of rejection in the last medical ex¬ 
amination for patrolman, in 1911: 


Cause. 

No. 

Per cent. 

Light weight . 

. 235 

25 

Defective vision .. 

. 156 

19 

Short height . 

. 132 

uy 2 

Defective teeth . . . 

. 99 

9/2 

Varicose veins . . 

. 58 

6/ 

Heart trouble . 

. 76 

8 1/3' 

Flat feet . 

. 73 

8 

Defective chest expansion. 

. 39 

4 1/3 

Round shoulders . 

. 21 

2 i/a 

Defective speech . 

1 ' 


Varicocele . 

6 


Bunions . 

3 1 


Knock knee . 

2 


Obesity . 

6 

) about 3 

Poor physique . 

1 


Skin disease . 

2 I 


Hernia . 

6 


Eczema of legs . 

1 i 





4 



131 



















CONTENTS. 


PAGE 

General Information . 

Official Instruction . ^ 

Answers to Questions Asked at Past Examinations. 13 

How Papers are Rated. 

Arithmetic . " 4 

Memory Test . ® ■ 

Practice Questions and Answers. 33 

Brief Delinitions of Common Crime. 63 

Questions and Answers on City, State and Federal Government.... 81 

Organization of the Police Department. 95 

Police Matron—Answers to Past Examination Questions. 98 

Police Matron, Policewoman and Patrolman Practice Questions and 

Answers . 195 

Duties of Police Matrons. 118 

Rules for Matrons.. * .1 1 9 

Special Patrolmen . 120 

Traffic Regulations . 121 

School for the Soldier. 123 

First Aid to the Injured. 126 

Form of Application. 128 




















City, State and Federal Government-, including the simplest brief abstract 
ever made of the Charter of the City of New York—118 Practice 
Questions and Answers on Government—Organization of the Police 
Force—Answers to Examination Questions for Police Matron— 
Duties of and Rules for Matrons—Rules for Special Patrolmen— 
Traffic Regulations—School of the Soldier—First Aid to the Injured 
. —Requirements and Form of Application for Candidates for 
Patrolman. 


PRICE, ONE DOLLAR 

■- 'V.' 7 ' | ‘V=/ 'i-r V $ . 

Enlarged, Revised Edition 



23 Duane Street, New York. 


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COPYRIGHT 1VXR, BY CIVIL SKRVIOK OHROWIOIB, IMO. 
















































